邊際主要成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biānjìzhǔyāochéngběn]
邊際主要成本 英文
marginal primal costs
  • 邊 : 邊Ⅰ名詞1 （幾何圖形上夾成角的直線或圍成多邊形的線段） side; section 2 （邊緣） edge; margin; oute...
  • 際 : Ⅰ名詞1 （靠邊的或分界的地方） border; boundary; edge 2 （里邊; 中間） inside 3 （彼此之間） betwe...
  • 要 : 要動詞1. （求） demand; ask2. （強迫; 威脅） force; coerceⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 邊際 : （邊界; 邊緣） limit; bound; boundary
  1. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  2. Firstly, this article generalizes the causing factors, the characteristics and the external forms of green trade barrier. secondly, the international legal sources on which green trade barrier bases are demonstrated, mainly including the green clauses of gatt / wto, the trade - related articles in multilateral environmental agreements ( meas ) as well as trade - related articles in regional trade agreements

    本文首先概述了綠色貿易壁壘的成因、特徵、及其外化形式，然後闡釋了綠色貿易壁壘實施的國際法律依據，認為其依據主要有gatt / wto中的綠色條款、多邊環境協定中與貿易有關的條款及區域貿易協定中與貿易有關的條款。
  3. Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers

    本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。
  4. We must think of three factors to make a best capital structure. first factor is margin tax shield, namely, the ratio of firm value ' s increment for liability and the increment of liability blow. second factor is finance crisis net lost that is bought in future. thirdly. we must make much of the market action and adjust capital structure

    確定一個最優的資本結構主要考慮以下三個要素：第一，邊際稅盾，即由於負債導致企業價值增量與負債額的增量的比值，以邊際稅盾為零作為界點；第二，估計未來可能招致的財務危成本；第三，密切關注市場的反應，不斷調整資本結構。
  5. Combining achievements in past scientific research, this thesis summarizes some problems in the process of decreasing water, the problems contains : important parameters such as percolation coefficient, interfering radius etc ; designers get parameters from their experience and make their choice of limited prospecting materials too simply, because of the limits, designer ca n ' t make quantitative analysis on groundwater ; differences on breakwater effect of setting water - tight screen is still existed, although research evolvement in this field is done ; they ca n ' t grasp the hydrogeology parameters accurately in that it influences rightness of designing in deep excavation water - decreasing

    本文結合以往的研究成果，總結了降水過程中存在的一些問題，主要包括：重要設計參數，如地層滲透性、基坑降水影響半徑等，設計中僅從個人經驗出發取值，對有限的勘探資料進行取捨和過分地簡化。這些局限使設計者不能對地下水進行科學的定量分析，盲目性較大；深基坑降低承壓水引起的周邊地面沉降的研究雖已取得很大的進展，但是一些主要問題仍未解決，對防滲帷幕的實際擋水效果存在不同看法；對於弱透水層的水文地質參數一直難以準確把握，影響了深基坑降水設計的正確性。
  6. Finally, after the essential factors that effect the ticket price of chongqing light rail transit are analyzed theoretically, this paper conclude that the optimal price level, which is between the marginal cost and the average cost, can be determined by ramsey pricing model and the idea of “ peak - load pricing ”

    從理論上分析了影響重慶輕軌2號線票價的主要因素，提出了這個介於邊際成本和盈虧平衡之間的最優票價水平可以由拉姆齊（ ramsey ）定價模型和「高峰負荷定價法」確定。
  7. According to the new criterion for classification of oil and gas resources / reserves ( gb / t19492 - 2004 ) issued in 2004, this paper reviews the studied methods at home and abroad for the purpose of establishment of new series of recoverable reserves such as technically recoverable reserves, economic recoverable reserves, sub - economic recoverable reserves and remaining economic recoverable reserves of oil - gas fields

    摘要按照2004年頒布的新的《石油天然氣資源儲量分類》 （ gb - t19492 - 2004 ）標準，為了建立和形成油氣田技術可采儲量、經濟可采儲量、次經濟可采儲量和剩餘經濟可采儲量等新的可采儲量系列，在總結國內外研究方法的基礎上，結合油田的地質開發特點，根據我國現行的財稅制度，以現金流法為主要方法，進一步研究提出了經濟極限法、井網密度法、邊際成本法、類比法等經濟可采儲量計算方法。
  8. The economic index of icor is also measured and applied to explore the chinese economic background. on the basis of mentioned analysis, the last chapter concluded “ wenzhou model ” and its government - oriented trend of heavy - industrialization at first. then the net loss of capital efficiency has been founded by the measurement of local icor

    第三章探討了中國經濟「重化工化」的經濟現實及造成的效率和福利損失，並對改革開放以來中國經濟增長的資本效率進行了以邊際資本產出率（ icor ）為主要指標的經驗數據檢驗。
  9. Accompanying with the transformation of the system circumstances and specialized investment, incomplete property contract will continue adjust enterprise ownership marginally ; achieve the transition from element parties participate in contract to governance parties. at the same time, the dissertation analysis governance parties " dimension and the decision efficiency of muti - individual union decide. this led to plural - character of corporate governance parties

    企業的不完全產權契約隨著制度環境和專用性投資的變化，不斷的對企業所有權進行邊際調整，實現參與契約的要素主體向公司治理主體的轉變，同時，通過公司治理主體維度和多個體聯合決策有利於提高公司決策效率的分析，導出了公司治理主體的多元化特徵；並從有效監控成本和收益、制度性安排、社會文化傳統等角度對股東、職工、經營者和債權人等多元利益主體的行為進行了分析。
  10. The estimating method of the power tariff for new hydropower project is counter - derived on the basis of loan principle and interest repayment during the loan repayment and then calculated based on meeting the needs of the base benefit rate of power industry after the completion of loan repayment ; or is estimated based on the rise trend of power tariff in the power network and the user " s affording capacity ; or is estimated by the marginal cost method ; or is estimated by adopting the rational financial profit rate

    水電建設項目上網電價的測算主要有以下幾種方法：還貸期間按歸還貸款本息反推，還清貸款后按滿足本行業基準收益率測算；根據電網電價的上漲趨勢及用戶的承受能力測算；採用邊際成本法測算；採用合理的資金利潤率測算。
  11. Because to calculate the shadow prices of the agriculture production factors give the feasible methods to help government use economic lever to effectively dispose the agriculture production factors, so it is significant in theory and in practice. 2. approaches to use the interrelated index to compare the history trends, so we can recognize the situation about the scarce agriculture production factors, to use the principle logical to analyze the supply - demand mechanism of the main agriculture production factors in china, to use stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory to calculate the shadow prices of the production factors, to use drc index to assess international competitive of the china main agriculture products

    本文的主要研究方法為：在分析中國主要生產要素的稀缺度變化時，進行同類指標的歷史變化比較研究，從而認識主要農業生產要素稀缺性變化的趨勢與規律；在分析中國主要生產要素的供需機制時，進行相關概念為基礎的理論邏輯分析，建立供需機制決定的理論模型；在測算農業生產要素的價格時，使用邊際生產力理論和隨機前沿生產函數方法；在評價中國主要農產品的國際競爭力時，使用國內資源成本系數方法。
  12. The second stage is the theory of equilibrium between supply and demand come into being, it came through the labor value theory, the production cost theory and the subjective utility theory, and was united by a. marshall who created the equilibrium theory which says the price is decided by the marginal equilibrium between the market supply and demand

    這一階段的價格理論在經歷了勞動價值論、生產摘要成本論、主觀效用論后，最後由馬歇爾統一了古典經濟學中的各個價值理論流派，綜合形成由市場供求邊際均衡決定的均衡價格論。
  13. The paper incorporate closely the exchange rate pass - through and it ’ s behavior in short term. incomplete exchange rate pass - through is an important assumption of exchange rate overshooting and exchange rate overshooting is the background of our disscuss on the degree of exchange rate pass - through. the paper has following conclusion : 1. the main determination of the degree of exchange rate pass - through : the exchange rate elasticity of marginal cost, the sensitivity of mark - up ratio to exporting price, pricing game between the competitior, enterprice innovation and it ’ s efficiecy, mecu cost, sunk cost. 2. there are distinct differences of degree of exchange rate pass - through among industries

    本文將匯率的傳遞彈性與匯率的波動行為緊密結合，匯率的不完全傳遞是匯率短期超調行為的重要前提假設，而匯率的波動行為又是本文探討匯率傳遞彈性的研究背景，主要的結論有: 1 、匯率傳遞彈性的主要決定因素有:廠商邊際成本的匯率彈性和成本加成率對出口價格的敏感度、同一市場不同競爭者價格的博弈行為、企業創新投入及其創新效率、菜單成本（價格調整成本） 、沉澱成本（退出市場的機會成本） 。
  14. In order to assess the performance of the proposed methods, we propose three types of image measures to quantify the performance compared to some other methods. the first type evaluates the fidelity of the reconstructed image by computing the peak signal - to - noise ratio and euclidean distance in cielab color space between the original and reconstructed image in smooth and edge regions respectively. the second type accounts for a major artifact ? zipper effect

    為了評估演算法質量，本文採用了三類評估手段:一是分別計算原始圖像與重構圖像在平滑區域與邊界區域的峰值信噪比與cielab顏色空間的歐氏距離來分析重構圖像的保真度;二是利用數學手段對重構圖像的一類主要失真現象? ? zipper效應進行定量評估;三是對硬體實現的成本與實際可行性進行了分析。
  15. In chapter 4, based on more than two sub - markets conditions under economies of scale, the paper studies the relationship between the declining characteristic of marginal cost and the change direction of the price, it prove that if the price profit function under price discrimination is strictly quasiconcave and the n demand functions are downward sloping and independent, a necessary condition for prices to either fall or rise in all sub - markets under price discrimination is that marginal cost be a declining function of total output

    本文第四章主要基於多個子市場情形，對規模經濟條件下邊際成本的遞減性與子市場價格變化趨勢的關系進行探討，證明了遞減的邊際成本是三度價格歧視條件下n個子市場價格均下降或上升的必要條件，將stephenk . layson [ 8 ]的結果拓展到n個子市場的情形。
  16. The lower profit margin for lcd monitors was due to the shortage of lcd panels, which drove up material costs for lcd monitors during the year under review

    液晶顯示器邊際利潤偏低，主要由於液晶顯示屏供應不足，令液晶顯示器的物料成本在年度內攀升。
  17. Focusing on the shortcomings of emission trading study in china, the authors analyze the gaming practice of decision making process of enterprises, to extend the studies on emission trading via micro behavior analysis. the paper identifies that transaction cost, definition and allocation of initial emission rights, differential of marginal abatement costs, numbers of enterprises involving emission trading scheme are the key elements and factors that influencing the decisions and behaviors of enterprises in china

    針對目前中國排污權交易研究中存在的盲點，通過對企業決策的博弈分析，嘗試從微觀行為分析的角度擴展對排污權交易理論的研究，具體討論了排污權交易市場下影響企業決策與行為的主要影響因素，認為交易成本污染排放權利的界定與分配邊際減排成本差異排污權交易市場中參與企業的數量等是影響中國排污權交易制度能否有效實施的關鍵因素。
  18. Results of calibration of indicate that the ecologically accepted fertilizer dosage of shunyi district in 2002 was 328. 27 kg / hmz while the actual one was 1034kg / hm2. such a result was derived base on the externality and rules of marginal cost applying contingent valuation method of environmental economics, survey on the willingness to pay for harnessing water pollution caused by the waste water discharged by big farm was conducted

    現階段，左右順義區土地利用生態服務價值的主要是耕地、林地、園地；根據環境經濟學邊際機會成本定價原理，結合順義區2002年化肥施用造成的外部不經濟性，推算順義區2002年最佳生態化肥施用量是328 . 87kg hm ~ 2 。而順義區目前化肥施用量1034kg hm ~ 2 ，屬于嚴重超標狀態。
  19. 3. characteristics to point out the essence of opportunity cost is return rate of factors, so use the opportunity cost of factors to do the benefit - cost account of agriculture products is in line with the principle of market - economy. to suggest improving the ways of the benefit - cost account of agriculture products, and put forward a new system of he benefit - cost account of agriculture products ; to calculate the shadow prices of agriculture production factors by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory, especially acquire the shadow prices of the agriculture land ; to do the principle analysis on the supply - demand mechanism, and suggest the supply and demand curves of china agriculture production factors ; to prove the applicability of using stochastic frontier production function to research the product ion cost of agriculture products

    本文研究的創新和特色之處為：指出要素機會成本的實質是要素的投資報酬率，從而認為以要素機會成本作為農產品成本收益核算的基礎概念符合市場經濟原則；提出以生產要素的機會成本概念為計價原則，以改進中國農產品的成本收益核算方式，據此提出符合市場經濟原則、體現完全生產成本的中國農產品成本收益核算項目體系；以隨機前沿生產函數方法和要素邊際生產力理論為邏輯框架直接測算中國主要農業生產要素的價格，特別時土地要素的價格；對中國農業生產要素的供給和需求機制進行理論分析，給出中國農業生產要素的供給、需求曲線；在理論上論證用隨機前沿生產函數技術研究農產品生產成本問題的適用性。
  20. The lower profit margin for lcd monitors was due to the shortage of lcd panels, which drove up material costs for lcd monitors during the year under review. the core operation remained profitable, with a profit before major provisions and write - offs of hk $ 27. 5 million

    液晶顯示器邊際利潤偏低，主要由於液晶顯示屏供應不足，令液晶顯示器的物料成本在年度內攀升。集團之核心業務仍然錄得盈利，扣減主要撥備及減值前之盈利為2 ， 750萬港元。
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