量方契約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [liángfāngqìyāo]
量方契約 英文
agreement by metre
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  1. Basically, the optimal transaction rules or institutions that could be designed or arranged are confined to legally enforceable formal contracts, and never involve those informal contracts, e. g. morality, culture and social customs. however, formal contracts and informal contracts are substitutive and complementary in solving asymmetric information problems

    從理論上講，無論是最優契約的安排還是締約環境的設計，所規劃的只能是那些在法律上具有可執行性的正式合同或正式制度，並不包括以道德、習俗等方式存在的非正式合約，因為非正式合約都是不能為契約設計所左右的外生變量。
  2. From the process for reaching and operating transaction, this study tries to analyze the principle of common selection among the pertaining transaction parties, the function of this principle on transaction, and make of transaction “ relation ” and “ net ”. there are three major issues on common selection, 1 ) the common selection between the pertaining parties ( buyer and seller ), the target is to sign the contract ; 2 ) internal adjustment of the participants, such as team organizing, internal structural adjustment, meeting the requirement of market competition and marketing strategy, etc. ; 3 ) common selection among the congeneric competitors, like competition coordination system, custom or regulation,

    交易中的共同選擇包括三個主要方面，即1 ）有關交易當事人（如賣方與買方）為實現交易，確定契約條件並簽立契約的共同選擇，以契約形成為標志; 2 ）各交易當事人為實現交易進行的相關選擇，如交易當事人團隊內部組織、內部結構調整、對市場環境的適應和市場策略的制定等;以及3 ）同類交易當事人的共同選擇，如維持競爭秩序的同業慣例、建立保證質量並降低交易費用的基本標準系統等，是對外界環境的影響與調整。
  3. Ainerican pngv ( the cooperation contract of ainerican government and auto industry circ1e ) p1an to deve1op three times fue1 efficiency of automobile at present, within 10 years. there are three major aspects of its study " first, raising the efficiency of fue1 changed into mechanical energy ; second, decreascing the vehic1e weight in order to reduce the requirement for the force of engine : thir ( 1, drawing back and uti1izing the 1oss energy of brake and s1ows down

    美國pngv （美國政府和汽車工業界的合作契約的簡稱）計劃十年內開發出三倍于目前燃料效率的汽車，其研究主要從三個方面著手，一是提高燃料轉換成機械能的效率，二是降低車重減少汽車對能量的要求，三是實現再生制動，將減速及制動過程損耗的能量回收利用。
  4. In the light of present hotel e - commerce construction status and the macro - environment of china, chapter five proposes a stage - by - stage hotel e - commerce development strategy, after the comparison of the three entry approaches to the hotel e - commerce, it points out that hotels of china should make use of the good opportunity of the national golden tour project, join the tour hotel net positively and build up their own e - commerce. this will not only improve the inside flow and management of hotels, improve the service quality and working efficiency, but also can realize a global marketing and online reservation through the destination marketing system. it will enhance the whole competition level of the chinese hotel industry

    第一章導論介紹了本文的研究意義、研究視角和方法；第二章介紹了本文所研究的飯店電子商務的概念與內涵，並對國內外飯店電子商務的發展現狀進行了對比，對制約我國飯店電子商務發展的原因進行了總結；第三章從經濟學的角度，對電子商務的應用價值進行了理論上的提煉；第四章開始將電子商務引入飯店，首先分析了電子商務在飯店企業中的適用性，然後介紹了飯店中電子商務的技術構建，再從管理學角度對飯店應用電子商務所帶來的商業模式變革及其價值進行了詳細闡述；第五章針對目前我國飯店電子商務的建設現狀和宏觀環境，提出了分階段發展飯內容提要店電子商務的戰略，並對三種飯店電子商務介入途徑進行了對比，指出應該借國家金旅工程建設的良好契機，積極加入旅遊飯店網，藉助現有的電子商務平臺，建設飯店電子商務，不但可以改善飯店企業內部流程與經營管理，提高服務質量與工作效率，還可以通過目的地營銷系統，實現全球營銷與在線預訂，增強中國飯店業的整體競爭水平。
  5. Contract incompleteness might lead to overinvestment when the investment is unobservable and cooperative ( the buyer ' s value of the good depends on the seller ' s investment ), and the players have asymmetric information during the bargaining ( the buyer has private in formation regarding his value for the good )

    本研究發現，當投資為合作的（如買方所要買的物品，因賣方的投資而有較好的質量） ，而且在投資后的談判中，買賣雙方所擁有的信息並不對稱時，不完全契約的環境可能造成過度投資。
  6. In the forth part, on the bases of the third part, the paper works out the amount of the stock option plan, which is just the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries during a whole stock option plan ; the amount that a company can grant its beneficiaries one year and the amount that a beneficiary can attain one year. in the fifth part, also the last part, after introducing the method that decides the exercise price in foreign and associating our country ' s conditions, the paper discusses several methods, which fit our company. they are comprehensive price method, cash flow method, simulating listed company ' s price method and asset evaluation method

    本論文包括五部分，在第一部分中論述了我國引進股票期權的必要性及股票期權計劃的國內外發展狀況；第二部分探討了股票期權計劃的理論基礎，具體有契約理論、委託代理理論、兩要素理論、共同治理理論、風險激勵理論；第三部分針對七個期權獲受人的工作職責分別設計了七個有定量指標和定性指標構成的個人業績評價指標體系，並給出了評價標準和評價方法；第四部分則充分利用了第三部分的評價結果，分別確定了公司在一個股票期權計劃中可授予股票期權的總量、各年可授予的股票期權數量、個人可獲得的股票期權數量；第五部分，也就是最後一部分，在介紹國外行權價格確定方法的基礎上，結合我國國情，探討了適用於我國行權價格確定的各種方法，包括綜合價格法、現金流量法、模擬上市公司價格法、資產評估法。
  7. By analyzing how accounting information acts upon the compensation of managerial incentive contracts, this author holds that accounting information can be employed to evaluate and compensate managerial efforts, and then further explores approaches to performance measurement, the importance and limitations of the relative performance evaluation ( rpe )

    通過對會計信息在管理者報酬激勵契約中作用方式的研究，提出根據會計信息可以評價和激勵管理者努力工作，並進一步探討如何更好地選擇業績衡量方法及相對業績評價（ rpe ）的重要作用及缺陷。
  8. This theory proved the limitedness of traditional theory. in recent decades, many venture invest firms organized resources from outside in " a way of contract, and its organizational and investmental model offers sustainable dynamic for innovation. on one hand, it makes the dynamic mechanism of innovation more adaptive ; on the other hand, it enlarges the fund source of innovation

    近幾十年來大量出現的風險投資企業以新的契約方式從外部組合資源，其組織和投資模式提供了技術創新的持續動力，一方面靈活了技術創新的動力機制；另一方面豐富了技術創新的資金來源。
  9. About the short - term government measure, we should make system improvement and innovation, mainly includes perfecting internal control system, perfecting company governance structure, consummating accounting standards, preparing comprehensive income reports, using the fair t value measurement attribute, using eva and the balanced scored card and implementing capital cost accounting, perfecting contract to clear property rights, perfecting accounting laws, and perfecting punishment mechanism. about the long - term government measure, we should consummate the incentive mechanism, and build the positive enterprise culture, cultivate enterprise superintendent ' s ideology capital

    短期治理措施方面，需要進行制度改進與創新，主要包括健全內部控制制度;完善公司治理結構;完善會計準則;編制全面收益表，採用公允價值計量屬性;採用eva與平衡計分卡，實行資本成本會計;完善契約以明確界定產權;完善會計法，健全懲罰機制等七個方面。長期治理措施方面，包括激勵機制和企業文化兩個方面，應當完善激勵機制;營造積極的企業文化，培育企業管理者的意識形態資本。
  10. In the paper, the author presents an incentive contract model for stimulating action and balancing effort through managerial behaviour, and in the meantime discusses the importance of relative weights of sensitivity, accountin g and stock income measures in incentive contracts

    本文應用數學分析方法，推導出能夠鼓勵採取行動和通過管理行為均衡分配努力的激勵契約模型，同時分析論證了激勵契約中靈敏度及會計收益和股票收益度量的重要性。
  11. The third chapter first describes the operating mechanism of private funds, then focuses on practical methods to control the risks involved. comparatively speaking, china ' s private funds do n ' t have as many investment tools as their foreign counterparts and they mainly operate in the secondary stock market. as a result, the risks private funds confront are tremendous : private funds in china have no legal status, which indicates that the fund contract ca n ' t get proper legal protection ; the stock market has been far from perfect so that private funds have inadequate instruments to avoid risks ; the listed companies participating in private funds are vulnerable to risks ; private funds investors also confront the risks of unexpected policy change

    我國的私募基金與國外相比，運作方式較為單一，主要在二級市場操作，大部分依靠作大成交量，獲取券商返還傭金來獲取收益，以跟莊、鎖倉、聯合坐莊為主要投資策略，以中線持股、波段炒作為主要戰術，這就決定了我國私募基金面臨著巨大的風險：我國私募基金沒有合法地位，基金契約合同不受法律保護；證券市場品種單一，沒有避空機制，期權、期貨等金融衍生工具甚至根本不存在；上市公司參與私募基金引致巨大風險；由於目前國家對私募基金的立法沒有正式出臺，投資者還面臨著政策調整的風險。
  12. These change includes : founding the measuring system of mental bargain so that we can know the mental bargain of staff in time ; selecting the model of salary so that we can meet staff s thirst of interest ; planning the work career of staff so that we can meet their thirst of realizing the value ; founding the double fair system so that we can meet staff s thirst of fairness ; managing the study of themselves so that staff can promote their capacity ; exploiting staff s characters so that they have correct mental bargain only manager realize the importance and effect of mental bargain and pay more attention to building and safeguarding the mental bargain, we can use the mental bargain correctly in human resources management and organization management

    心理契約的變革要求我們對人力資源管理系統中某些與心理契約關系密切，同時隨著員工心理契約的變化難以有效發揮作用的部分進行變革，具體可以從以下幾個方面入手：建立心理契約動態追蹤測量制度以及時了解員工心理契約的變化特點；建立薪酬模式動態選擇機制以滿足員工對經濟利益的需求；進行職業生涯設計以滿足員工自我實現的需求；建立雙重公平體制以滿足員工對公平的追求；實行自我管理式學習以滿足員工對能力提高的需求；對員工進行心性開發以引導員工形成正確的心理契約。只有組織的管理者真正認識到心理契約的重要性，認識到心理契約對員工的態度和行為的影響，重視心理契約的建立和維護，才能在人力資源管理甚至整個組織管理中應用好心理契約這一劑良方。
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