鏡函 的英文怎麼說

This paper analyses the coupling wastage in columniform wave guide gas laser, and gives the function between the coupling wastage of laser guide modulo eh11 and the position and radius of reflector

摘要分析了圓柱形波導氣體激光器中的耦合損耗，給出了最低階波導模eh11的耦合損耗與反射鏡位置、曲率半徑的函數關系。

By using knife edge as object, and cmos sensor as device for image analyzing, we get edge spread function from the image and use differential operation and fft to obtain modulation transfer function of the lens, then its image quality is known

以刀口作為目標物，以cmos作為圖像分析器件，從圖像中獲取刀口函數，經微分和fft運算，得到成像鏡頭的mtf （調制傳遞函數） ，從而得知其成像品質。

The spectral analysis of non - orthogonal functions cannot be obtained by orthogonal integration method. only the spectral analysis of some particular non - orthogonal functions can be realized by integral transformation. thus, the concept of reflection matrix is proposed and the mirror symmetry of spectral analysis for non - orthogonal function is revealed. any element functions whose reflection matrix can be obtained possesses its inverse element function. the spectral vector corresponding to an element function possesses its inverse spectral vector corresponding to the inverse element function. by reflection matrix the mapping relation of element function pair and spectral vector pair can be established. spectral analysis of non - orthogonal functions can be obtained with this symmetry by using the integration method as in the case of orthogonal functions, instead of calculating the inverse matrix as usual. so a convenient and practical method for spectral analysis of non - orthogonal functions is offered

非正交函數不能利用正交積分來實現譜分解.僅有某些特殊的非正交函數可以通過積分變換實現譜分解.本文提出了反射陣的概念，揭示了非正交函數譜分析的鏡像對稱性.任何能夠建立起反射陣的元函數存在著它的逆元函數，並且任何基於該元函數的譜向量同時也存在著基於逆元函數的逆譜向量.元函數對與譜向量對通過反射陣建立映射關系.利用這種對稱性，非正交函數可以象正交函數一樣使用積分方法獲得譜分解結果，而不必使用求解逆陣的方法，從而為非正交函數的譜分解提供了便捷、實用的方法

Because of the digitally rebalanced circuit, the sensor is capable of achieving better static and dynamic characteristic, higher sensitivity and stability. in this paper, the propagation path of light in the step index fiber and graded index fiber is introduced firstly. then the paper sets up the coupled power model and develops the coupling function

在文中，首先介紹了光線在階躍型光纖和梯度折射型光纖中的傳播路徑，以及在一端鍍有反射膜的1 4波節長度的grin透鏡中的成像規律，並推導了光功率耦合函數。

A niched - penalty approach is used to transform this optimal kinematical design problem to an unconstrained one. a kinematic accuracy comparison of the genetic designed fine - tuning stewart platform with the quasi - newtonian designed one is made. the comparison results have shown that the kinematic accuracy of the genetic designed fine - tuning stewart platform has a much higher accuracy and a compact structure than that of the quasi - newtonian designed one, which guarantees the accomplishment of high precision trajectory tracking and reduces the disturbance of wind to the feed - supporting system

以並聯機器人jacobian矩陣的條件數為優化設計的目標函數，提出了基於遺傳演算法的並聯機器人最優運動學性能結構參數優化設計方法，採用實值遺傳演算法，對精調stewart平臺進行了優化設計，得到了最優運動學的精調stewart平臺結構參數，為實現新一代大射電望遠鏡饋源指向跟蹤系統高精度軌跡跟蹤控制奠定了堅實的基礎。

Experimental results and simulations show that the fringe spacing of the psf is narrow down with the increasing of and l

實驗和模擬結果表明，點擴散函數的條紋間距隨錐鏡夾角增大而變窄，隨點光源距透鏡距離的增大而變窄。

The extracted height - height correlation function and the random surface parameters obtained ever since conform with those obtained by the measurement of afm in chaper 3, based on the light scattering theory of kirchoff approximation, we propose the method for the extraction of surfaces parameters from the correlation functions of speckles intensity produced by light scattering in the region near the random surfaces

我們以對三個高斯相關的隨機表面樣品的實驗測量為例，對該方法行了驗證。所測得的結果與用原子力顯微鏡測量的結果符合得很好。第三章根據基爾霍夫近似下的光散射理論，提出了從隨機表面附近衍射區內的散斑場相關函數中提取隨機表面參量的方法。

Fluorescence power transfer function, three - dimensional point spread function ( 3d - psf ) and three - dimensional optical transfer function ( sd - otf ) for the various fluorescent wavelength of the two kinds of fluorescence confocal scanning microscopy are calculated in this paper by using fourier imaging theory. the results show that the fluorescent wavelength has influence on imaging property of confocal microscopy such as spatial cut - off frequency, resolution and 3d - otf. there is a different missing - cone in the 3 - d space of otf when the ratio of excitation wavelength to fluorescent wavelength decreases

本文在sheppard和gumin等人的理論基礎上，利用fourier光學成像理論，討論了不同熒光波長對單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡成像特性的影響，導出了單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡的熒光功率傳輸函數、三維脈沖響應函數和三維光學傳遞函數，得到了它們在不同激發波長與熒光波長比值時具體的表達式，並且通過數值計算，得到了它們的曲線圖，結果表明：隨著激發波長與熒光波長比值的增加，焦斑的橫向分佈和縱向分佈變窄，橫向解析度和縱向解析度提高，系統的成像效果變好，當激發波長與熒光波長的比值下降到一定程度時，可以看到不同程度的失錐現象。

In this paper, it is expounded the relationship of two - channel perfect reconstruction filter banks to wavelet transform on the base of signal processing and engineering application ; avoiding complex path formula deduction, the selection of a desirable mother wavelet function becomes the design of two - channel perfect reconstruction filter banks

摘要從信號處理和工程應用的角度出發，避開了復雜的數學公式推導，闡述了雙通道濾波?組與小波變換的關系，並討論了母小波函數的選擇可歸結為正交鏡像濾波器的設計。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Finally, the size of ba - ferrite fine magnetic particles was measured and analyzed from sem image which was treated using a better technology, and the functions of the particle thickness, diameter and their ratio were obtained

對較佳工藝條件下得到的掃描電鏡照片進行測量和分析，得到顆粒的厚度、直徑和厚徑比的函數分佈。

In the second chapter, during the study of compound x - ray refractive lenses, diffraction function of compound lens is derived in the light of refraction and absorption effect and the design theory of x - ray is deduced using diffraction theory in connection with the characteristic of x - ray band. the structure design of this device and micro - machined technique are also discussed

在第二章x射線聚焦組合透鏡的研究中，針對x射線波段的特性，綜合考慮折射和吸收效應得出組合透鏡的衍射屏函數，利用衍射理論推導出x射線聚焦組合透鏡的設計理論並進行結構設計與微細加工製作技術研究。

With the high accurate transfer function it is possible to design frequency characteristic compensator to eliminate the mechanic resonance frequency characteristic of the control object. the fast steering mirror system closed bandwidth is no longer restricted by the mechanic resonance frequency and the closed bandwidth is expanded effectively

在獲得對象的高精度傳遞函數以後，使用零極點對消的方法補償系統的機械諧振，有效地擴展了快速控制反射鏡系統的帶寬，使快速控制反射鏡系統的閉環帶寬不再受制於系統的開環諧振頻率。

It was found that more rolling passes lead to homogenous rolling deformation and benefit the formation of final cube texture

並用三維取向分佈函數織構定量檢測和掃描電子顯微鏡觀察、研究了超薄型高壓陽極鋁箔的立方織構及其對腐蝕比電容的影響。

The relation of tthe ccd sensor imaging resolution and the mtf is gotten. when the mtf of space remote sensing camera is higher and the contrast of object is higher, it can be believed that the resolution of ccd sensor imaging is 1. 6 times of the pixel dimension, in the mean while the mtf decreases 32 %

通過模擬得到了ccd探測器的目標影像的分辨力與ccd像元尺寸的關系，當航天光學遙感相機的mtf較高（模擬中鏡頭的mtf = 1 ）且目標為高對比度時，得到ccd探測器的目標影像分辨力是其像元尺寸a的1 . 6倍，其光學調制度傳遞函數mtf下降32的結果。

We propose a chaos - based generation of the random ppm - ps signals, design and implement a generator of the ppm - ps signals. we introduce an if sampling technique and simulate the performances of digital demodulation techniques of using hilbert filters, sine filters, bessel filters and poly - phase filters. the poly - phase filtering method can achieve the higher mirror - frequency rejection ratio by using the low order filters

介紹了中頻采樣技術，並對希爾伯特濾波法、辛格內插函數修正、貝賽爾函數插值法及多相濾波法等數字解調演算法進行了計算機模擬和性能比較，指出多相濾波法能以較低的階數實現較高的鏡頻抑制比。

The system is on the basis of fourier optics. by using knife edge as object, cmos sensor as device for image reception, we get edge spread function from the image histogram and use differential operation and fft to achieve mtf of the lens, then its image quality is obtained

本系統以傅立葉光學為依據，以刀口為目標物，以cmos為圖像接收器件，採用獨特的演算法，從刀口圖像的灰度直方圖中獲得其刀口邊緣函數，經微分和fft運算，得到待測鏡頭的mtf ，從而得知其成像品質。

So a computer - aided alignment method for a series of reference lens is studied in detail in this paper. based on analyzing the optical quality affecting factors and optical design, the folio wings are described in detail in this paper : ( 1 ) how to choose merit function of optical quality in terms of the specific reference lens, and sensitive structure parameters to optical quality would be determined according to their tolerance data ; ( 2 ) discussing the relationship between the aberrations and the misalignment of reference lens ; ( 3 ) building the mathematical model for the misalignment optical system, and then calculating the misalignment value by the alignment software compiled on zemax and matlab platforms ; ( 4 ) experiments are made to examine the computer - aided alignment method. the theoretical and experimental data and plots are given in the paper

本文在分析標準球面透鏡的設計及其光學質量的影響因素基礎上，開展了以下四個方面的研究： （ 1 ）根據系列標準球面透鏡的具體結構特點，選擇透鏡的質量評價指標，研究標準球面透鏡的公差分佈，確定敏感結構參數； （ 2 ）研究光學質量評價指標與失調量之間的函數關系； （ 3 ）建立數學物理模型，根據球面波的實測結果，求解待調系統的失調方位和量值，研究原理上實現計算機輔助裝調的可能性，在zemax和matlab平臺上編寫輔助裝調軟體； （ 4 ）建立實驗裝置，實際研究標準球面透鏡的計算機輔助裝調方法，文中給出相應的理論分析及實驗數據和曲線。

The form of the psf has been deduced according to the fresnel diffraction, and it has been analyzed that the frings density of the psf depends on the axicon ' s refracting angle and the distance l between the point light source to lens l2

利用菲涅耳衍射理論，推導出相干光照明下無衍射系統的點擴散函數（ psf ）的形式，並分析出點擴散函數的條紋疏密與錐鏡的夾角和點光源的位置有關。

In the paper, both the size of the source and of the beam spot of a extended gaussian beam are considered and their influences on both the lateral and axial resolution of a fluorescent confocal microscopy are studied and calculated based on the power transfer function and three - dimensional pulse spread function

摘要研究一定光源孔徑、束斑的高斯光束對熒光共焦顯微鏡橫向、縱向解析度的影響，導出了熒光功率傳輸函數、三維響應函數。