鑒定成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàndìngchéngběn]
鑒定成本 英文
appraisal costs
  • 鑒 : Ⅰ名詞1 （鏡子 古代用銅製成） ancient bronze mirror2 （可以作為警戒或引為教訓的事） warning; objec...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 鑒定 : 1 （評語） appraisal （of a person s strong and weak points） 2 （評定） appraise; identify; auth...
  1. It was suggested that eric - pcr could substitute for rapd in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in auricularia and other edible and medicinal fungi : 2 to a certain extent, genetic differences among auricularia strains tested in this study did not have necessary relativity with their geographical origins respectively ; 3 in this study, genetic diversity in a. polytricha was higher than that in a. auricula : 4 in this study, a. fuscosuccinea had a higher homology to a. auricula than to a. polytricha ; 5 morphological characteristics validated the results from eric - pcr and provided a potential explanation for the higher similarity coefficient between a. auricular and a. fuscosuccinea ; 6 southern hybridization was employed by choosing a strain from a. auricula as a probe which hybridized with a. auricula and a. fuscosuccinea except a. polytricha, further confirming the veracity of the results from eric - pcr ; 7 in this study, isozyme analysis could not cluster the 7 strains from three auricularia species to different groups efficiently ; 8 2 strains from two auricularia species revealed high conservative degree and the restriction fragment patterns by 4 kinds of restricted enzymes showed no diversity

    本研究中，木耳屬2個種的2個菌株在its區域表現出較高的保守性， 4種限制型內切酶的酶切圖譜沒有顯示出多態性；增加內切酶種類及供試菌株數量，有可能獲得具有多態性的限制性內切酶酶切圖譜； 9本實驗中， its區域的真菌特異性引物與真核生物通用引物對于擴增效果無較大差異，擴增片段長度均為650bp左右； 10根據形態學實驗、 eric - pcr實驗以及southern雜交實驗的結果分析，紫木木耳屬種質資源的遺傳鑒定和遺傳多樣性評價耳極有可能是毛木耳種的一個變種; n .本研究中所用的gutc法是一種適用於木耳屬菌株基因組洲a快速提取的方法; 12 .傳統的形態學分類法和現代的分子生物學分類法，兩者的關系是相輔相成，互為驗證
  2. The total investment of the it em is 19. 80 million yuan the investment of the second stage will be 200 million with its fixed capital of 13. 70 million yuan, circulating capital of 6. 1 million yuan. it will have the annual productive capic ity of 10, 000 sets after the item put into action, and the income sales will be 40 million yuan. its profit and tax will reach 14. 43 million yuan, with taxation of and additional taxation 4. 24 million yuan

    並通過國家級科技成果鑒定， 2000年通過了省級立項和科研論證，設計工作基本完成，項目總投資1980萬元二期擴大投資2億元其中固定資產1370萬元，流動資金610萬元，項目實施后，形成年產1萬套的生產能力，實現銷售收入4000萬元，利潤總額1443萬元，稅金及附加424萬元。
  3. The paper begins with the past and present development situation of china graduate education and then analyses the inevitability of sharing the graduate education cost. it introduces evolvement of the sharing education cost mechanism and the tuition policy and compares the sharing mechanism and tuition policy with different countries at different time. it also introduces and analyses some important theories of sharing graduate education cost mechanism and the tuition policy, with the current research results and from economics and demotics viewpoint it concludes the payment capability rules and profit capability rules of sharing mechanism which is to conduct establishing the policies of tuition and investment of education

    論文從中國研究生教育發展的歷史和現狀出發，分析了研究生教育成本分擔的必要性；並對研究生教育成本分擔機制與學費政策的歷史演變作了介紹，比較了不同時期國內外的分擔機制和學費政策；介紹並分析了研究生教育成本分擔機制和學費政策的幾個重要理論依據，借鑒現有的研究成果，從經濟學和社會學的角度，歸納出分擔機制的支付能力原則和收益能力原則，用以指導學費政策及其他教育投入政策的制定。
  4. Studies on screening of strains of producing phytase and the conditions of producing phytase the strains of producing phytase could be identified by the hydrolysis bound in differential medium. aspergillus niger an010001 secreting phytase was isolated by screening and second screening. the conditions of producing phytase was studied

    植酸酶菌株的篩選及產酶條件的研究本項研究利用植酸酶的菌株能在篩選培養基上形成水解透明圈的特點而進行鑒定，通過初篩和復篩，得到一株產植酸酶較高的黑麴黴（ aspergillusniger ） an00101菌株。
  5. With this purpose, this paper researches the state of dometic and overseas seal technique ; uses other enterprise ' s successful experiments for reference ; combines the factory set ' s structural property, technics characteristic and the different request of medium leakage degree ; considers the respective strongpoints of floating ring seal, conical floating seal, suction labyrinth seal, inflator labyrinth seal, mechanical seal, dry gas seal ; finds out the optimum, dependable seal techinique fiting for each set on the base of entire analysis on the centrifugal compressor. and in the end by putting this plan into practice the factory achieves localized reconstructs, reduces the production cost and fulfils the demands of secular safe use

    本文在把握國內外離心壓縮機密封技術的發展狀況，借鑒其他企業的成功經驗基礎上，根據我廠機組結構特性、工藝特性、介質泄漏程度要求的不同，以及浮環密封、錐形浮環密封、抽充氣式迷宮密封、機械密封、干氣密封的各自特點，對離心壓縮機存在的密封問題進行了全面剖析，研究了適合每臺機組最佳、可靠的密封技術，實施了本地化技術改造，降低了生產成本，滿足了機組長期穩定運行的生產要求，取得了顯著的經濟效益和社會效益。
  6. Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module

    遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。
  7. The present dissertation mainly deals with morphology, phytogeny, geographic distribution, and taxonomy of the tribe of typhlocybini from china morphological terminology was adopted principally from zhang ( 1990 ) and dworakowska ( 1993 ). the preparation and dissection of male genitalia was made according to the traditional methods and the characters were illustrated under the olympus pm - ioad microscope with a leize drawing tube. the external characters of adults were illustrated under nikon afx - ii steromicroscope with a leize drawing tube

    形態學術語基本遵從張雅林（ 1990 ）和dworakowska （ 1993 ）的有關定義；鑒定標本均為成蟲針插標本，雄性標本的外生殖器均採用常規方法完成解剖，在olympustx820604體視顯微鏡下觀察鑒定，在olympuspm - 10ad顯微鏡下繪圖，外部形態特徵圖在nikonafx -體視顯微鏡下繪制。
  8. Metropolitan circle is the result of industrialization and urbanization, which is the embodiment of centralization and radialization when the metropolis is developing to a certainty, in order to advance the space and economy to conform, to form a corporate area, fabricating the new type of metropolitan circle in which the metropolis is the core is new topic for discussion of innovative space structure of the big ciry this paper combine the theory expatiation and demonstration analysis with comprehensive and new statistics data, and theory model, and discusses the all - around regional development in chengdu area from a new angle, ie : using space structure model of metropolitan circle to develop the overall enhancement of strength in chengdu first, the thesis defmitudes the concept, connotation, and character of metropolitan circle, after that, it discusses the formative mechanism of metropolitan circle from the factors such as market, institution and ect moreover, from the practice of metropolitan circle ' s development in ho me and abroad, it summarizes the significance of the metropolitan circle form for the economic and social development, as well as the experience for reference and the problems we should pay attention to = based on these theories and practice, it brings forward the necessity and strategic significance of building metropolitan circle in chengdu, and analysis its possibilities, it also makes a research on the model of this circle, it innovatively brings forth that the double - polar circle structure of central city - sub central city - satellite town should be builded, through the establishment of index system, the sphere of metropolis circle in chengdu can be set which means the central city, sub center city and satellite town are sett it also analysis how to determine the gravity between center city and circumjacent area, and discusses the function orientation of center city and satellite town at last, it briefly analyses the transportation designing of suburb and city which are imperative for constructing the metropolitan circle in chengdu

    本文將理論闡述和經驗實證分析與較全面的最新統計資料，以及理論分析模型分析結合起來，從新的角度深入探討成都的區域整體發展，即以都市圈的空間結構模式促進成都整體實力的全面提高。本論文首先明確了都市圈的概念、內涵及特徵，從市場、等因素探討了都市圈的形成機理，並從國內外都市圈的發展實踐中，總結出都市圈這種空間形式所引起的經濟和社會發展的意義所在，以及我們值得借鑒的經驗和需要注意的問題。在此理論和實踐基礎上，提出構建成都都市圈的必要性及戰略意義，分析其可能性；並且對如何構建成都都市圈模式進行了探討，主要是創新性提出構建中心城市-副中心城市-衛星城鎮的雙極圈域結構，並通過指標體系的建立以確定成都都市圈的范圍，即中心城市、副中心城市和衛星城鎮的確定，以及測定中心城市與周邊地區的引力大小，以及對中心城市和衛星城鎮的功能定位進行了探討。
  9. The author agrees with the dual - meaning doctrine, and defines the concept of criminal proof responsibility based on this doctrine. secondly, the author clears up the relationship between criminal proof responsibility and burden responsibility usually confused by our legal theorists and practicians, and points out that the two concepts are interrelated and mutually distinction. during the overall criminal process, the two concepts are the use of a phased process of dynamic change, with different subjects reflected in the various stages from an

    本文在對兩大法系的刑事證明責任對比的基礎上進行借鑒，並以此對我國的刑事證明責任的概念做出界定，在法學理論上對其分配問題進行了分析，認為無論是從我國現階段的經濟水平還是法律制度的發展水平來說，我國的刑事證明責任都應該以適合中國國情的可操作性為原則來進行分配，並且應該用經濟成本的眼光去看待這個問題的變化與發展。
  10. Dissections and identifications were performed with a leica zoom2000 stereomicroscope, hand - drawing of male genitalia was carried out with olympus pm - 10ad microscope with drawing tube, and external morphological characters figured out under nikon afx - ii stereomicroscope fitted with drawing tube too

    所有研究標本均為成蟲針插標本，雄性外生殖器解剖採用常規方法，在leicazoom2000體視顯微鏡下觀察鑒定， olympuspm - 10ad顯微鏡下繪圖，外部形態特徵圖在nikonafx -體視顯微鏡下完成。
  11. In this paper, total dna from tannage, tail skin, scales and the skin treated with salt were successfully extracted with an improved method for dna extraction. to verify the results, four pairs of primers, which were universal primers for 12s rrna gene, diagnostic primers of chinese alligator meat, microsatellite primers and rapd primer, were used to do pcr amplifications. some amplified fragments were sequenced, either

    本文研究出一種改進的dna提取方法，成功地從揚子鱷鞣製皮革中提取了總dna ，同時對不同的組織標本如鱗片、鹽腌生皮及尾尖皮等進行了dna提取：並利用12srrna基因擴增的通用引物、揚子鱷鑒定性引物、微衛星引物及rapd引物進行pcr擴增，且對部分pcr擴增結果進行測序，以檢驗提取效果。
  12. How to use of the currently in effect criminal procedure expert testimony system in the normal way, administrative control expert testimony institution and office workers, amplify necessary rules and regulations of the actuating of expert conclusion 、 implement of expert conclusion 、 argumentation of expert conclusion 、 authentication of expert conclusion ; up to protect litigation rights of parties in action, get on the stick of administration of justice 、 successfully achieve an end of administration of reasonable judgment all along is the focal point of the work and difficult point in our expert testimony system structure. in this paper, coupling our current the present situation of criminal expert testimony, to perfect the legal system, to resolve the problems of expert testimony system, the writer tried to study some problems of giving some enlightenment to the theory and practice of judicial appraisal institution, relate and analyze it and set forth the views and opinions on the settlement of some matters with six parts

    本文從分析刑事司法鑒定及其程序入手，比較兩大法系關于刑事司法鑒定的啟動、實施、質證、認證與採信等司法證明各環節的制度規定，透視我國刑事司法鑒定程序存在的基本問題，在此基礎上提出:規定鑒定期限、對無鑒定結果不能進入訴訟或準司法程序的情況，當事人可以申請公證機關公證鑒定啟動程序的真實性和合理性、建立鑒定人出庭作證制度、裁判者對鑒定結論認證通過質證程序形成心證的過程及理由應做出公開說明等有利於我國刑事司法鑒定程序改革的具體構想。
  13. The author investigated the community of grasshoppers in changbai mountain area during the period of july to september 2001, complementally collected specimen and systematically collected and measured environmental factors from july to october in the following year, and consulted to specimen collected by fengling zhang and yanlong - yang in 1979, 1980 and 1981. by analyzing and classifying the data of five years, the author analyzed the community construction and ecological adaptability of the grasshoppers in the area. the main aspects dealing with the grasshoppers are as follows : ( 1 ) the community construction and faunal geographical elements ; ( 2 ) characteristics of their ecological distribution ; ( 3 ) vertical distribution of grasshoppers in the northern slop ; ( 4 ) the relationship between environmental factors and differences in shape of grasshoppers in different vertical belt of northern slop, etc. in terms of faunal geographical elements of grasshopper communities, 48 species of grasshopper were recorded, belonging to 31 genera, 7 families

    本文作者於2001年7 9月間系統地調查了長白山地區的蝗蟲，並於2002年的7月到10月間對標本進行了補充採集，並對環境因子數據進行了系統的測量和收集，同時參考張鳳嶺、楊彥龍先生1979 、 1980和1981三年採集的標本，通過對標本的鑒定和整理，採用五年的野外工作數據，對長白山地區蝗蟲群落結構及生態適應特性進行了研究，主要研究內容包括：蝗蟲的群落結構及區系地理成分；蝗蟲生態分佈特點；保護區北坡蝗蟲垂直分佈及不同垂直帶內蝗蟲的形態差異和環境因子之間的關系等方面內容。
  14. This part firstly states some of the main problems, and then puts forward the constructive systems including the system of open of authentication act, discovery of expertise prior to court, the system of stating, questioning and cross - examine, and the system of recognition for expertise. all these systems tend to be practical and continuous ; and in each of the system also include some concrete theoretical and practical elements

    本部分首先對這些問題作了一個大致的歸納性闡述;而後針對這些具體問題，更從一個系統解決問題的角度出發，提出了由鑒定活動公開制度、鑒定結論庭前展示制度、鑒定結論質證制度以及鑒定結論認證制度四部分組成的鑒定結論審查評斷的程序設計。
  15. The paper analyzes comparatively interior transaction cost of integrated model with analysis structure of r. h. coase and market transaction cost of market model according to bargain proceeding ; analyzing economy of scales for electricity industry on the terms of its definition coming up with an improved " survival of the fittest " method to find optimum economic scale and explaining " separation of power plant from electric network " with the view of vertical economy ; studying selection and realization for valid competition of electricity industry with theory of contestable market, while setting up a oligarch monopoly competition model for the electricity market based on tax control of government with the thought of dynamic game theory of

    應用科斯的交易成本分析框架對一體化管理模式下的內部交易成本進行分析，按照契約過程對市場化模式下的市場交易成本進行分析，並作了相應比較；按照規模經濟的定義對電力產業的規模經濟性進行了分析，提出改進的"適者生存法"來確定電力產業的最優經濟規模，並運用縱向經濟的觀點解釋"廠網分開" ；應用可競爭性理論研究了電力產業的有效競爭方式的選擇和實現，同時借鑒stackelberg模型的動態博弈思想，構建了基於政府稅收調控的電力市場寡頭壟斷競爭模型，通過對模型的分析說明了市場結構的演化和政府管制的必要性。
  16. In summary, we constructed and characterized a bac library of silky, a unique chinese native breed of chicken. the library has high genome coverage ( 13 - fold ), chimerism ( 6 % ) and overlapped bacs, which made it a valuable resource to complete chicken physical map, study functional genes and construct bac contigs. we analyzed the whole genomic sequence and snps of tyrp1 and found that silky tyrp1 is different with other breeds both in microsatellite and transcription regulation site

    中國農業人學博卜學位論文摘要本研究構建了中國特有雞種絲羽鳥骨雞基因組bac文庫並進行了文庫質量鑒定，它所具有的13倍高基因組覆蓋率、 6 %的嵌合率和部分重疊的克隆使其成為完善雞的基因組圖譜、研究基因功能和構建bac重疊群的優質資源。
  17. Techniques of culture of prothoracic gland ( pg ) in vitro, 3h - ecdysteroid - radiounniunoassay, and methods of molecular biology and biophysics, for instance, nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ), circular dichroism cd ) and so on were engaged. the biological activity on ecdysteroidogenesis in vitro and in vivo of a group of analog peptides of bom - ptsp synthesized by chemical modifications and the relationship between the structures and functions were studied

    本研究利用~ 3h -蛻皮激素放射免疫分析方法、分子生物學、生物物理學的方法和手段、體外培養和體內導入等技術對bom - ptsp及其一組人工合成的與ptsp結構類似的多肽進行了結構和功能關系的研究，鑒定了它們的生理活性及其與結構的關系，以及它們在家蠶體內的活性及其與結構的關系，還對ptsp及其類似多肽進行了核磁共振和圓二色的研究。
  18. Based on the statistic data of quality cost of changchun company, it finds out the proportion among every quality cost is quite unreasonable. the proportion of the constitution of quality cost in changchun company in the first half year is prevention cost : appraisal cost : internal failure cost : external failure cost = 0. 5858 : 0. 0654 : 0. 3402 : 0. 0086, which is not in conformity with the proportion theory of the best constitution of quality cost put forward by doctor zhu lan, a well - known quality management expert

    論文在分析原有模型的基礎上，構建新質量成本模型，運用結構比法與相關比法對新質量成本模型所收集的信息進行分析比較，運用質量成本管理理論及質量成本特性曲線，得出華龍集團長春分公司質量成本管理存在一定的弊端，預防成本與鑒定成本偏高，外部損失成本過低，質量成本特性曲線不在控制區域，需進行優化。
  19. With reference of the materials about passenger dedicated lines ( pdl ) in foreign countries, the essay discusses the characteristics and composition of transportation cost of railway pdl, and analyzes the influence on transportation cost from two aspects as target value of speed and passenger traffic volume, so as to illuminate that the target value of speed can directly affect the transportation cost of pdl, and the fix cost has nothing to do with the passenger traffic volume, whereas the variable cost is in direct proportion to that

    摘要借鑒國內外客運專線資料，對鐵路客運專線運輸成本的特性及構成進行論述，並從速度目標值與客運量兩方面分析對運輸成本的影響，說明速度目標值直接影響客運專線的運輸成本，而固定成本與客運量無關，變動成本與客運量成正比變化。
  20. As a developing country, while making our own accounting standards, china must absorb the experience from the advanced accounting standards in the world, in this way we can save the cost on standards making

    中國作為一個發展中的國家，在制定自身的會計準則時，必然要借鑒世界各國先進的會計準則，因為這樣做可以有效的節約自身的會計準則制定成本。
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