長葉杉 的英文怎麼說

The growth of spruce and fir needles is determinate.

雲杉和冷杉的針葉生長是有限的。

Hongxing forestry is rich in natural resources, it has 15. 5million cubic meters of active timber reserves, in addition, it has more than one hundred kinds of trees such as korean pine, larch dragon spruce, fir, birch, oak and manchurian ash, etc, gold and iron, etc, many kinds of metal mines, such as abound in free burning coal, marble and limestone deposits ; hundreds of wild medicine materials with developing prosperity, such as acanthopanax, fruit of chinese magnoliavine and dangshen, etc

紅星區自然資源相當豐富，活立木總蓄積1550萬立方米，有紅松、落葉松、雲冷杉、樺木、曲柳等百余種樹木；黃金、鐵等多種金屬礦，長焰煤炭、大理石、石灰石等儲量豐富，礦質優良；刺五加、五味子、黨參等幾百種野生藥材頗有開發前景。

Fifty - one and nineteen compounds were detected respectively from the volatile extracts of the fossils from miocene leaves of metasequoia glyptostroboides and early cretaceous seed cone of pityostrobus spp. by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry ( gc - ms ) analysis

摘要採用氣相色譜質譜聯用分析技術從中新世水杉葉片和白堊紀松型球果兩種裸子植物化石中分別鑒定了51個和19個揮發性成分，類型涉及烷烴、烷烯、烷醇、長鏈脂肪酸及其酯、鄰苯二甲酸酯、菇類和芳香族化合物。

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

4. we use half quantification and digoxigenin detection to investigate the expression pattern of ent - kaurene oxidase. we found that it was regulated by development, it expressed high in the fast growing tissue, expanded leaves under a fast growing circumstance also express high level of ent - kaurene oxidase

利用半定量rt - pcr的方法結合地高辛標記法，貝殼杉烯氧化酶在果樹中的表達是受發育調控的，其在旺盛生長的組織中表達量高，在植株旺長期的成年葉中表達量也很高。

The spring breeze flushes and the green leaves dance. this is the american larch planted by nixon and kissinger by the west lake. it grows gracefully and very well

春風習習，綠葉婆娑。這是尼克鬆和基辛格一行當年栽在西子湖畔的美國紅杉，風姿綽約，茁壯成長。

T. media cv. hicksii seedling hi natural light has higher content of bound - water and water saturation deficit, bigger transpiration rate, and lower relative water content, stronger ability of fighting loss water than that in shading light intensity conditions

自然光照條件下生長的曼地亞紅豆杉幼苗蒸騰速率較大，葉片相對含水量較低，水分飽和虧缺值較大，束縛水含量較高，抗脫水能力最強。

Experimental plots were established for thinning effects on stand and tree growth, tree species composition, species diversity and soil factors etc. in the mixed larch - spruce - fir stands which originated from planted larch pure forest by observations for 12 years after thinning

摘要以15塊人工落葉松純林演化后形成的落葉松雲冷杉混交林為對象，間伐后12年觀測結果，研究間伐對林分和樹木生長、樹種組成、物種多樣性及土壤等因子的影響。

A fir is an evergreen tree with needlelike leaves that grows especially in cold areas

冷杉是一種針葉常綠樹，尤在寒冷地區生長。

Shanshantea is dedicated to serving the fast - growing tea and beverage industry globally with innovative tea products

杉杉茶葉致力於以領先科技生產和開發新的茶葉類產品，以供應全球范圍內快速增長的茶葉和飲料行業。

Correlativity between growth and nutrient contents in foliage of young chinese fir plantation

杉木幼齡林葉片營養元素含量與林木生長的相關性