間接因果關系 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiānjiēyīnguǒguānxì]
間接因果關系 英文
indirect causal association
  • 間 : 間Ⅰ名詞1 （中間） between; among 2 （一定的空間或時間里） with a definite time or space 3 （一間...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 果 : Ⅰ名詞1 （果子） fruit 2 （事情的結局; 結果） result ; consequence 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（吃...
  • 關 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使開著的物體合攏） close; shut 2 （圈起來） shut in; lock up 3 （倒閉; 歇業） close down...
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 間接 : indirect; secondhand
  1. The function in text organization is reflected in information prediction, while the function in cohesion manifests in cohesion, including addition, adversative, elaboration, emphasis, causal analysis and temporal relationship

    其篇章組篇功能體現在對信息的預示；銜接功能反應在表示添加補充、轉折對比，闡述總結，加強語氣，因果分析以及時間關系。
  2. Adopting rational agent characteristic could add the auditor into corporate contract to educing optimum solution ; opening out the auditor incentive factors in auditing demand theory and the monitor mechanism of auditing. a multi - agent corporate model including the firm owner, the manager and the auditor of the corporate is analyzed in the paper, the conclusions are : educing the optimum solution of model which could prevent the manager and the auditor becoming collusive or skulked ; clarifying the relationship between monitoring of the firm owner and working of the auditor, and illustrating the behavior combination of optimum solution ; further analyzing the relationship among monitoring degree, punishment of auditor and the auditor risk. adapting the model from a single term to serial terms, and adding the non - monetary utility of auditor - - - reputation into the model ; describing behavior of the firm owner in reality and clarifying the necessity of monitoring by the owner and the environment improvements it needs

    論文採用所有者經理人審計師多代理人模型為基礎進行分析，主要成果是：得出能夠防止共謀和不努力工作的模型最優解集合；通過因素分析闡明審計師工作努力程度與所有者監控力度之間的直接關系，以及審計合約最優解的行為策略組合及其制定順序；引申分析所有者監控力度與審計風險、審計師懲罰力度之間的關系；成功的將模型從單一期間擴展到多期間情況，並且將審計師聲譽等非現金收入形式的效用影響加入到模型當中；通過分析審計實務中的所有者行為特徵說明所有者對審計師工作實施監控的必要性，以及實現該監控所需的條件。
  3. And besides that, it also can indirectly influence the cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty through the media variables of customer satisfaction and customer trust. however, it is found that the customer satisfaction and customer trust have no direct effect on conative loyalty and action loyalty. at the same time, the causality among the multi - dimensional loyalty is supported by the findings of the empirical study, which further interprets the complicate causality chain of the variables

    研究結論表明，各測量量表具有良好的信度和效度;商店印象不僅直接影響認知忠誠、情感忠誠、意向忠誠和行為忠誠，而且還通過顧客滿意和顧客信任間接影響認知忠誠和情感忠誠，但顧客滿意和顧客信任對意向忠誠和行為忠誠卻沒有直接影響;顧客忠誠四個維度間的因果關系也得到實證支持，進而初步理清變量之間復雜的因果關系鏈。
  4. This part dissertates the concrete forms and constitution parts of infraction upon rights of obligee, pointing out that two forms are direct and indirect infraction and five constitution parts are : rights of obligee are legal ; infraction conductor has subject bad faith ; infraction conductor actualizes the delict ; rights of obligee are damaged ; the damage is the consequence of the infraction action

    在這部分中，重點論述了侵害債權的具體形態及構成要件，指出可分為直接侵害和間接侵害兩種侵害債權的形態。分析了其構成要件： 1 ，債權為合法債權； 2 ，侵權行為人對于其行為主觀上具有惡意； 3 ，侵權人實施了不法行為； 4 ，債權人受到損害。 5 ，侵害債權的行為與損害後果有因果關系。
  5. This thesis points out that those five countries mentioned above have " citizen lawsuit " legal provision, which is based on environmental right. group lawsuit is or going to be the important form of environmental lawsuit. in order to lighten the sufferers " cause and effect testimony - offering responsibility, those countries confess in their legal precedent or legislation the theory of probability, medical cause, effect and indirect disproof, and implement the invert testimony - offering responsibility or shifting principle

    指出幾國均存在以環境權為基礎的「公民訴訟」法律條款；集團訴訟成為環境訴訟的重要形式；為了減輕環境侵權受害人的因果關系舉證責任，蓋然性說、疫學因果關系說、間接反證說等大都得到了各國判例乃至立法的承認，各國普遍實行了舉證責任倒置或轉移原則。
  6. Establishing an human spine dynamic model is an significan event to study spine injured biomechanics of pilot " s ejective injury, parachute opening, landing and study the endurance to impact loading on human spine. in this paper, the huston " s method of kane " s equations is developed so that it can be applied to the multibodysystem including translation between the bodyies. the dynamic model of human spine is provided basing on these theories, while the big movement of spine is considered. the deformation of vetebra is far smaller comparing with the intervetebra disc, so the spine is considered into multibodysystem including rigid bodies ( vetebra ) and the flexible bodies ( intervetebra disc ). the computer solution correspond with the results of the large scale human impact test. the rigid coefficient factors and the damping factor of intervetebra joints are obtained

    人體脊柱動力學模型的建立對研究飛行員彈射救生、傘兵跳傘開傘、著陸等脊柱損傷的生物力學以及研究人體脊柱耐受沖擊載荷的極限問題都具有重要意義.首先發展了凱恩方程的休斯頓方法，使其可應用於變形體連接的多體系統，並以此理論為依據建立人體整椎脊柱沖擊動力學模型，此時考慮脊柱的大位移運動，每個椎骨的變形相對椎間盤的變形小得多，把脊柱看成由剛體（椎骨）和變形體（椎間盤）組成的多體系統.並以大型真人坐姿沖擊實驗結果進行了擬合，最後得到腰椎間關節剛度系數因子和阻尼系數因子
  7. Based on the tribological principle and the theory of contact mechanics, it is feasible to adopt curvature - changing structure in the rock - bit journal bearing system. the structure and coupling relationship of curvature - changing journal bearing under the condition without friction have been analyzed and three kinds of sub - form structure configurations, namely, the pseudo - curvature - changing structure, the conformable curvature - changing structure, and the clearance curvature - changing structure, been differentiated according to the contacting features. the shape optimization and pre - running - in regulations of the contact surface of curvature - changing journal bearing under friction condition have been established. the results of rock bit journal bearing test indicate that the tribological behavior of the bearing can be effectively improved by curvature change based on both designing and pre - running - in

    基於摩擦學原理和接觸力學理論，提出了可在牙輪鉆頭滑動軸承中採用變曲率結構.在不考慮摩擦的情況下，就結構設計和配合關系等問題進行了分析討論，劃分了準變曲率、吻合變曲率以及間隙變曲率等3種結構形式；針對考慮摩擦時的變曲率結構，提出了接觸形狀優化和預磨合的實施方案.鉆頭軸承試驗結果表明，無論是預設計變曲率還是預磨合變曲率，都能改善軸承摩擦副的摩擦學特性，因而值得進一步研究和推廣
  8. On the basis of primary analysis in economic theory of the reasons of shanxi merchants taking credit widely in business, the thesis using game theory which is a new method does some careful research. then it spreads out further to analyze the mechanism from idea and moral, the administrative measures and property right restrain. because of the excessive loan, especially the credit prombles of qing government " s, shanxi merchants declined rapidly. modem enterprises are a link in historic chains and their credit and development have the same causes and effects as shanxi merchants. the research into the success and failure of shanxi merchants has great practical significance and it can provide some beneficial enlightenments for the development of enterprises today

    本文在運用經濟學理論對晉商在經營中廣泛採用信用的原因進行初步分析的基礎上，運用博弈論這一較新方法對其進行了細致的研究，進而從理念道德、管理措施和產權約束三個方面對其生成機制展開了深入探討。由於後期放貸過大等原因，尤其是清政府信用中的一系列問題，對晉商的衰敗起了推波助瀾的作用。現代企業是焊接在陳陳相因的歷史鏈條下的一環，其信用與發展之間有著與晉商基本相同的因果關系。
  9. Negative crime and action crime are two kinds of crime forms. negative crime possesses all features of crime, its core is that it should perform particular duty but it didn ' t. negative crime divides into typical negative crime and non - typical negative crime. the causal relationship of act of omission and results of injurey possesses the features of indirect, subjective and reletion. the base of duty of action develops from form meaning to substance meaning. the duty in explicit terms, the duty caused by legal act and the duty caused by action in advance are the bases of duty of action. moral duty and custom are also the bases of duty of action. lt is a kind of legislation imagination to add the principle norm of negative crime and looking on unconcerned to others ' danger

    不作為犯從其本身劃分，只能劃分為純正不作為犯和不純正不作為犯兩種形式。不作為犯的因果關系具有間接性、主觀性、關聯性的特點。作為義務的根據從形式意義向實質意義發展，不僅通說中法律明文規定的義務、法律行為引起的義務、先行行為引起的義務可以成為作為義務的根據，道德義務、良善風俗都可以成為作為義務的來源。
  10. With the development of advertising theories and psychology, people have learned more knowledge about how advertising affects consumers. basing on how advertising works, this paper analyzed the process how consumers actually " feel " and " think ", the mental effects including framing perception, organizing memory, enhancing experience and brand attitudes, then built the conceptual model of advertising mental effectiveness that reflects the causal relationship of various constructed variables and finally founded a structurally quantitative model

    本文從廣告影響消費者的過程出發，分析了消費者在接觸廣告后廣告信息對于消費者心理效果的影響，這些影響主要體現在感知、回憶、提升經驗和對于廣告品牌態度的變化方面，它們之間又有相互的影響關系；初步構建了廣告影響消費者的心理效果概念模型，該模型同時反映出了各結構變量之間的因果關系；然後，在概念模型的基礎上嘗試建立了測量廣告心理效果的結構數量模型。
  11. In this film, again, with a little hackneyed plot that lacks climactic moments, what absorbs and moves the viewers emotionally is the delineation of the passionate interpersonal relationships, that is, the father and son attachment between chul - min and his father and the friendship among chul - min and his friends

    Chul - min和父親的關系並不和睦，母親更間接因為chul - min而早逝，本來甚具悲劇性，但妙在編導悲劇喜拍，以較為輕松的手法處理這段充滿裂痕的父子情，成功做到笑中有淚的效果。
  12. Because the relationship between the cpas " misrepresentation and the plaintiffs " losses is indirect, the cpas " liability is secondary, and it is reasonable for the public accounting firm to bear liability within 5 years from the beginning of cpas " issuing the audit reports

    注冊會計師虛假陳述與原告的損失之間只是一種間接因果關系，故注冊會計師只承擔補充責任。同時，會計師事務所應自注冊會計師出具業務報告之日起五年內承擔民事責任。
  13. Through analysing the basic theories and reasons, gathering and reviewing the related law and regulations, discussing the disputed problem of the liability for tort, the author of this thesis reach conclusions as follows : it is the origin of law that embodies the professional responsibility of cpa in view of the legal liability of auditing. as far as the civil liability for tort of cpa ` s negligent act to practice is concerned, the subject of liability relates directly to the organization form of the accounting firms. whether liability for breach of contract or for tort that cpa should be taken against customers depends on the reason of sue which the customers choice

    在界定與注冊會計師執業過失行為相關的民事侵權責任時，責任主體與會計師事務所組織形式有直接關系;責任主體對客戶的責任:若以違約訴之則應承擔違約責任，若以侵權訴之則應承擔侵權責任;選擇已知第三人原則作為確定第三人范圍的標準;主張以過錯推定原則作為注冊會計師執業過失行為民事侵權責任的歸責原則;確定構成要件時，應當將違法行為包含在過錯要件之中，即構成要件包括:損害事實、行為與損害事實之間的因果關系、行為人的過錯。
  14. The research outcomes are divided into the following categories : the considerations of taking projects and developing products ; the problems to be resolved while the projects going ; the interaction among the team members, clients, and customers ; the situation factors surrounding by the decision - making behavior, the deployment of the decision - making process, the decision - making behavior, the characteristics of a successful digital media producer, and the issues of talent development and co - operate initiates

    本研究成果將以：承接專案和研發產品的考量因素；承接專案和研發產品時所遇困難及因應之道；團隊成員、專案委?人、消費者間的互動關系；影響決策行之情境考量；決策流程展開與洞悉；專業主管的決策行為；成功數位媒體設計主管人格特質；以及人才培育與產學合作等數項議題，逐一論述。
  15. Then it asserts that the objective standard of trademark infringement may include : illegal activities, damages and causality between illegal activities and damages, by drawing lessons from international treaties and foreign laws, then basing on the rules of " imminent infringement " of the new trademark law, and combining it with the characteristics of intellectual property rights at the same time. while whether the subjective standard needs fault needs to be contingent upon different forms of trademark infringement

    接著通過借鑒國際條約、國外法律，並依據新《商標法》上關于「即發侵權」的規定，同時結合知識產權領域侵權的特點，主張在認定商標侵權行為時，客觀方面需要具備違法行為、損害以及違法行為和損害之間的因果關系三個要件；主觀方面是否需要具備過錯，則需要依不同的商標侵權行為形式而定。
  16. Four requirements must be satisfied when applying safeguard measures : ( a ) the existence of unforeseen development ; ( b ) increased imports of a product ; ( c ) serious injury or threat thereof caused to domestic industries and ( d ) the casual link between increased imports and serious injury or threat thereof

    保障措施的實施需要滿足四個條件： （ 1 ）存在不可預見的發展； （ 2 ）一產品的進口增長； （ 3 ）對生產同類或直接競爭產品的國內產業造成了嚴重損害或嚴重損害威脅； （ 4 ）進口增加和嚴重損害或嚴重損害威脅之間存在因果關系。
  17. The vaccine can be given on the same day as other types of vaccines. as it is unknown whether influenza vaccination is causally associated with increased risk of recurrent guillain - barr syndrome, persons with previous history of gbs are advised to consult their doctors before receiving the vaccine

    由於現時尚未清楚接種流感疫苗與復發性吉-巴氏綜合癥guillain - barr syndrome gbs之間的因果關系，曾患上吉-巴氏綜合癥的人士應在接種流感疫苗前向醫生查詢。
  18. The vaccine can be given on the same day as other types of vaccines. as it is unknown whether influenza vaccination is causally associated with increased risk of recurrent guillain - barrm syndrome, persons with previous history of gbs are advised to consult their doctors before receiving the vaccine

    由於現時尚未清楚接種流感疫苗與復發性吉-巴氏綜合癥之間的因果關系，曾患上吉-巴氏綜合癥guillain - barresyndrome gbs的人士應在接種流感疫苗前向醫生查詢。
  19. However, the protection to the trademark, which includes the appropriately use of the trademark, the principle of exhaustions and the right formerly use, is “ restrictively ”, rather than “ absolutely ”. section two material composition and category of trademark infringement the identification of the trademark infringement is the precondition of its protection. there are four aspects compose the trademark infringement, namely, the irregularity of the party concerned, the injured effect, the causation between the irregularity and the injured effect, and the subjective fault of the

    當然，商標權的保護並不是絕對的，其限制主要體現在基於合理使用制度、權利用盡原則和在先使用權等三個方面;文章接著分析和探討了商標侵權行為在主觀上、客觀上、損害後果、損害後果與違法行為之間的因果關系等方面的構成要件，將各種商標侵權行為按其具體內容進行類型化分析;最後，重點闡述了商標權保護系統化的重要意義及商標權保護系統中的民法保護、刑法保護和行政法保護，以期對商標權保護有一個較為全面認識。
  20. Just as in astronomy the difficulty of admitting the motion of the earth lay in the immediate sensation of the earths stationariness and of the planets motion, so in history the difficulty of recognising the subjection of the personality to the laws of space and time and causation lies in the difficulty of surmounting the direct sensation of the independence of ones personality

    正如在天文學上，承認地球運行的困難乃在於否定地球不動而行星運動的直接感覺，在歷史學上，承認個人服從空間，時間和因果關系的法則的困難，乃在於否定我們個人的獨立性的直接感覺。
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