限界對 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiànjièduì]
限界對
英文
bound pair-
I3eginniqg with the disa4varrtaes of written law discovered in a real case handled by the author, this essay adresses the need of prejudication as a udicia1 system in china
尤其伴隨著最高人民法院以《最高人民法院公報》發布案例，以及對于成文法局限性的認識，理論界和實務界對于判例制度作用、中國是否需要和需要什麼樣的判例制度有了諸多爭議。Including five main doctrines and its limitation about the civil priority theoretically for the moment ; its five leading features are legal quality of priority, preference quality of priority, vouch quality of priority, hypotaxis quality of priority, impartibility quality of priority ; four situations which can perish the civil priority are preponderate over the time efficacity, naturally extinguished of priority ’ s objective, adhered creditor ’ s right died out, compelled alienation of priority ’ s objective ; enumerating the material provision on civil priority in our laws, and carrying through the brief conclude to the range of civil priority which combined some elements of common civil law
包括我國目前理論界對民事優先權概念的五種主要學說及其局限;民事優先權的五種主要特徵即優先權的法定性、優先性、擔保性、從屬性和不可分性;民事優先權的消滅的四種情形即超過時效、優先權標的物自然滅失、依附的債權消滅、優先權標的物的強制轉讓;列舉了我國法律中有關民事優先權的具體規定，並結合一般民法原理對民事優先權的順位進行了簡要歸納。However, the meaning of the law in international private international law, international society and the effect of international private international law, observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international artier have not been analyzed comprehensively and deeply in private international law circles and international politics circles, so the article try to discuss and analyze the issues mentioned above deeply, in order lit grasp the issues of the effect of international private international law on contemporary international relations correctly
然而，在國際私法學界和國際政治學界對國際性國際私法中「法」的含義，在國際社會與國際性國際私法的效用、無政府狀態下國際性國際私法的遵守和國際私法對維護國際秩序的局限性等問題上的分析尚不夠全面、深入，本文擬對上述問題進行深入探討和分析，以便能夠正確地把握國際性國際私法在當代國際關系中的效用問題。The main popular theoretical method adopted to study end - plate connection is finite element technique under monotonic loading at present. this paper applies nonlinear ( material, geometry and contact ) finite element method to analyze the behaviors of connections under cyclic load at fist time. contact elements are set between end plate and column flange, screw cap and neighborhood plane, bolt bar and hole
對于端板連接的理論分析，目前國內外的研究主要局限在單向加載有限元分析范疇，本文首次採用三維非線性（包括材料、幾何與狀態非線性）有限元對端板連接進行了循環加載分析，端板與柱翼緣間、螺栓頭（帽）與相鄰板件間、螺栓桿與孔壁間都設置了反映邊界狀態的接觸單元。The study indicate that the surface form has no effect on kl, but has obvious effect on kll, and will affect the breaking angle and mode ; in finite plate, the boundary condition has effect on the sif and the k is bigger than in infinite plate ; the effect of the distance and the angle between cracks are all have obvious effects on the multiple crack interaction, and the interactions between cracks also have obvious effects on the sif, which can be neglect only when the distance is bigger enough
研究表明：裂面狀態對k _的大小沒有影響，而對k _的影響卻很大，相同應力條件下，裂面狀態會影響裂紋的開裂角和開裂方式；有限板的邊界對應力強度因子有一定的影響，其k比無限板中的k略大；裂紋間的距離、夾角等因素對裂紋間的干涉效應均有較大影響，裂紋間的干涉效應對應力強度因子的影響非常顯著，只有當裂紋間的距離充分大時，干涉效應才可忽略。In the same time, the essay also dicuss the concept of the organizing criminal, its constitutive character and criminal responsibility, and introduce detailedly the relative question to the organizing criminal theory, such as view fault, causal relationship, status, executing excess, criminal form and organizing crime. thus we can gain a rational ontology realication, thereby it will push forward the research of the organizing criminal theory to a new depth in china
同時，該文還擬從組織犯概念和其構成特徵以及刑事責任等方面進行探討，並詳細介紹了認識錯誤、因果關系、身份、實行過限、犯罪形態、罪數形態以及組織型犯罪等與組織犯理論的相關問題，以期對組織犯有一個更理性的本體認識，從而旨在推動我國刑法學界對組織犯理論的研究向縱深發展。Equations of mesh, shorting contact line, undercutting limit line, meshing limit lines and the existence conditions, angle between the direction of relative speed and the direction of contact line, induced normal curvature about every point on the contact line are established. moreover, the paper also theoretically analyzed the error of the grinded gear surface. on the basis of the theory, the computer program is worked out to automatically produce the contact line and the boundary curves of mesh. analysis of meshing circs under different parameters can be done so that we can gain the best process condition
首先對漸開面二次包絡理論進行了深入的探討，推導出了兩次嚙合的嚙合方程式、瞬時接觸線方程式、根切界限線方程式、嚙合界限線的方程式及其存在條件，相對運動速度方向與接觸線方向的夾角及接觸線上各點的誘導法曲率；此外，還對磨齒后工件的齒面誤差進行了理論分析；並在理論基礎上編制了相應的計算機程序，自動生成接觸線族及嚙合界限線，對不同參數條件下的嚙合情況進行分析，可以使工藝條件達到最佳狀態；最後研究了磨齒裝置，設計了磨齒機的傳動系統。The writer of the paper assumes that researchers have focused on the studies in school rather than the extracurricular ones, such as the special purpose apprenticeship and private education
教育史學界對科技教育史研究的討論把科技史局限在學校范圍之內，對于廣泛的職官科技教育、藝徒訓練以及私學、家學中的科技教育研究薄弱。Controversy in academe is only aimed at provisions in criminal law and never touches the theory behind said crime, there is still not a clear understanding of said crime
刑法學界對此的爭論一般只是局限於法條分析，沒有深入到理論背後，許多問題還沒有討論透徹就中止了。In china, experts in laws ever studied company credits, who claimed that company credits included human credits and capital credits, and that " capital credits are the soul of a capital company ". in company law of the p. r. china and securities law of the p. r china, both legal actual capital system and legal minimum capital limits embody the theory
我國法學界對公司信用有所探討，認為公司信用的基礎包括人的信用和資本信用，而「資本信用是資本企業的靈魂」 ，這種理論在我國《公司法》和《證券法》中體現為法定實收資本制和法定最低資本限額。We fully support the code and believe it will help the general public to have greater confidence in using jetco services, said mr john tsang, deputy general manager, joint electronic teller services ltd
銀聯通寶有限公司副總經理曾憲求表示：我們會積極配合本守則，冀望令社會各界對銀通提供的服務更添信心。Chapter hi on the ground of the analysis of different opinions over the constitution of special defense, analyses and probes into the constitution of special defense in details which includes premise condition, time condition, object condition as well as subject condition, this part especially probes into the intension of the word of assault which brings about huge controversy
其除了具有正當防衛權的共同特徵以外，還具有自己特有的屬性，即法益保護的單一性，防衛行為指向的特定性，防衛強度的無限性以及防衛前提的限制性。第三章，在剖析理論界對特殊防衛構成的不同觀點的基礎上，詳盡地分析和探討了特殊防衛的構成要件。Considering that the characteristics of our country ' s highway tunnels are always of long spans, tabular and of various geometry, by means of thorough analysis of the different problems existed in the design of support structures of the tunnels at present, this paper pays special attention to the two key problems, optimization method of form selection of structural section of the tunnel as well as the stability and bearing capacity of the support structures, in the design of the long and large tunnel on high - class highway, introduces the simplified complex - form optimum method in the structure optimization theory, discusses the optimum design model of lining section of highway tunnel with satisfying demands in building clearance, ventilation and load conditions, puts forward an optimization method of form selection of three different kinds of lining sectional forms ( i. e. single - center circle, three - center tabular circle and three - center sharp circle ), establishes a complete set of systematic optimum design the ory and method of long and large tunnel on high - class highway, develops the corresponding computer software used on the planned xuefeng mountain highway tunnel on shaoyang to huaihua expressway in hunan province for optimization of form selections of the structural sections, and obtains a series of relatively reasonable structural design parameters
本文針對我國公路隧道多為大跨度、扁平、幾何形狀呈多樣化的特點，通過深入分析目前隧道支護結構設計中存在的各種問題，抓住高等級公路長大隧道設計中隧道結構斷面的優化選型及隧道支護結構的穩定性與承載能力兩個核心問題，引入結構優化理論中的簡易復合形優化方法，深入探討了滿足建築限界、通風條件、受力狀態約束等條件下公路隧道襯砌斷面優化設計模型，提出了三種襯砌斷面形狀（單心圓、坦三心圓和尖三心圓）的優化選型方法，建立起一套完善的高等級公路長大隧道的系統優化設計理論與方法，並開發出相應的計算機程序，用於擬建的上海至瑞麗國道主幹線湖南省邵陽至懷化高速公路雪峰山長大高速公路隧道的結構斷面優化選型，得出了一系列較為合理的支護結構設計參數。Another requirement will be that all machines being tested to thermal limits above 120degree have its resistance checked immediately after testing is complete in order to check the machines internal thermocouples
為了檢測設備內熱電偶，還有一個要求，即實驗時熱限界達到120度以上的所有設備在實驗結束時都要立刻對其電阻進行檢測。However, according to the bifurcated approach to problems of causation, the scope of damages that defined by the " cause in fact " is provided with the probability of enlargement infinitely and uncertainty, so it is necessary to restrict the scope of damages by some legal means within the meaning of techniques of law. meantime, it is unfair that the risk of transaction is only undertaked by the defaulting party, so it is necessary to make use of some legal means to delimit the reasonable damages for the defaulting party
首先，筆者提出：根據全部賠償原則，違約方應賠償因其違約行為給合同債權人造成的所有損害，而借用國外學者關于因果關系二分法的觀點，該「事實上的因果關系」所劃定的損害賠償范圍具有無限擴大的可能性和不確定性，因此從法技術講，就有必須要利用一些法律手段對該賠償范圍予以限界；同時，交易活動本身固有的風險單由合同違約方承擔也是不公平的，因此也有必要利用一些法律手段為違約方劃定一個合理的賠償責任范圍。But in the theory field, the systematical and deeply research is not given, so the application of the rule of foreseeability appears the hazy and confused in the judicial practice. according to many questions about the rule in theory, the thesis expounds the theoretical development and legal values of this rule at first. then the thesis discusses about the theoretical composition of the rule, and holds the delinquent party should foresee that the range of compensation of damages is the damages caused by his breaking contract when he negotiates a contract. finally separately discusses on the relationship between the rule of foreseeability and the principle of complete compensation, between the rule and the doctrine of liability fixation for breach of contract, between the rule and the theory of causal relationship
然而，理論界對可預見性規則尚缺乏系統、深入的研究，導致在司法實踐中對該制度運用時的迷茫和混亂。針對可預見性規則的諸多理論問題，本文首先對可預見性的理論發展、法理價值進行了闡述;其後就可預見性規則的理論構成進行了探討，認為違約一方在合同締結之時預見或應當預見到的因違約造成的損害為其損害賠償的范圍;最後對可預見性規則與完全賠償原則、違約歸責原則和因果關系理論的關系作了探討，認為可預見性規則存在的積極意義在於合理限制違約損害賠償范圍。Introduces some anti - seepage high embankment dams in the world with bitumen concrete inclined core wall, and analyzes, taking the existing maopingxi embankment dam as an example, the effect of slope thereof on the stress and deformation of the wall by non - linear adhesive elastic finite element calculation changing the type and thickness of the core wall
摘要介紹世界上幾座瀝青混凝土斜心墻防滲高土石壩，並結合國內已建的茅坪溪瀝青混凝土心墻壩，通過改變其心墻形式和厚度，並用非線性粘彈性有限元對其進行計算分析，探討了斜心墻的傾斜斜率對心墻的應力與變形的影響。2. the complex stiffness corresponding to three bearing conditions of semi - infinite elastic subgrade, finite elastic soil layer and end bearing at the pile bottom are theoretically investigated, and analytical expression of the complex stiffness corresponding to finite elastic soil layer bearing condition is obtained. the special influence of bearing conditions on dynamic response at pile head is then discussed
2 、對剛性支承、有限厚度土層支承和半無限空間支承三種樁底部支承情況下樁底支承復剛度和樁周土底分佈支承復剛度的解析表達及其特性進行了推導論證，通過假定樁底土為與樁等截面的土柱推導求得有限厚土層支承條件下樁底支承復剛度的解析解，並據此分析了不同底部支承邊界對樁頂響應的影響。The threats of the security of raiiway freight mostly come from cargoes exceeding over the railway gauge which caused by loading, collision, braking and shaking etc. today, the loading situation is most iy checked manua my, wh i ch can on iy check the ioad i ng s i tuat i on of the static freight train with the low efficiency and precision
隨著鐵路安全技術裝備的完善，現在鐵路運營安全的主要威脅來自因裝載、沖撞、制動、震動等因素引起的貨車所載貨物超出鐵路貨運裝載限界。目前，我國鐵路貨運管理部門主要採用人工測量方法來檢測貨車超限情況。但是人工測量只能實現對靜止貨車裝載情況的檢測，並且檢測效率低，檢測精度也難以保障。The goal of this thesis is chiefly to study how to protect and limit the neighboring rights in cyberspace, and how to maintain a balance between the rights of the owners of related rights and the larger public interest
我國法學界對這些新問題的關注不夠，本文的目的就是研究如何保護和限制網路空間中的鄰接權，如何平衡鄰接權人與廣大公眾之間的利益。分享友人