雁形目 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yànxíngmù]
雁形目
英文
anseriformes-
1. because the taxonomic division is rather complex and has been much disputed and revised, in this part, we will review the classification and phylogeny of families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes based on morphology, ethology, osteology, mitochondrial and nuclear dna restriction fragment length polymorphism, single - copy nuclear dna hybridization and the sequences of mitochondrial gene analysis referring to the different definition, classification and phylogenetic relationships of the families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes. the controversial questions and deficiency in the systematic studies of anseriformes were pointed out
具體包括以下幾個部分： 1 、針對雁形目鳥類異常復雜的分類狀況及分類上存在的爭議，根據雁形目鳥類的形態學、行為學、骨骼學、角蛋白、線粒體與核dna酶切片段長度多態、單拷貝核dna - dna雜交及線粒體基因dna序列分析等方面的研究，對雁形目鳥類分類中科、亞科和族的劃分及其相互間的系統發生關系進行綜述，分析系統學研究中存在的不足，提出了雁形目鳥類分類中急需解決的問題。Phylogenetic analysis surports that anseranas should be placed in monotypic family anseranatidae, and the whistling ducks and the white - backed duck should be separated from subfamily anserinae and placed them into family dendrocygnidae. the family anatidae could be classified into two subfamilies, anserinae and anatinae. the results approve that the swans should be put into the tribe cygnini of subfamily anserinae as suggested by livezey ( 1996, 1997b ) and the shelducks should be placed in the tribe tadornini of subfamily anatinae, therefore, our results do not support sibley and ahlquist ' s ( 1990 ) establishment of the subfamily cygninae and placing the shelducks in the tribe anserini
研究結果表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類12srrna基因有較多的堿基插入和缺失，堿基轉換數高於顛換數； 2 ）贊同將鵲鵝（ anseranas ）置於鵲鵝科（ anseranatidae ）中，樹鴨（ dendrocygna ）應從雁亞科（ anserinae ）中獨立出來設立樹鴨科（ dendrocygnidae ） ，白背鴨（ thalassornis ）隸屬于樹鴨科； 3 ）鴨科（ anatidae ）可分為雁亞科和鴨亞科（ anatinae ） 2個亞科，不贊同sibley & ahlquist （ 1990 ）設立天鵝亞科（ cygninae ）及將麻鴨歸入雁族（ anserini ）的觀點，支持livezey （ 1996a ， 1997b ）的觀點建議將天鵝類歸為雁亞科天鵝族（ cygnini ） ，麻鴨置於鴨亞科下麻鴨族； 4 ）在鴨亞科內的系統發生上，潛鴨最早分歧出來，麻鴨、海中文摘要鴨及棲鴨彼此iaj的親緣關系較近；河鴨族為一單系發生群，在系統演化中形成獨立的一支。3. the sequence variation of mitochondria ! cytochrome b gene and phylogenetic relationships of anseriformes were studied based on the complete cytochrome b gene sequences of 19 species combined with 4 species got from genbank
3 、研究測定雁形目鳥類19f mtdna細胞色素b基因全序列，結合genbank中的4個物種，分析了雁形目鳥類細胞色素b基因的序列變異及其分子系統發生。2. the sequences variation of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene and phylogenetic relationships of anseriformes were studied based on the complete 12s rrna gene sequences of 36 living species of which 19 species were sequenced and other related data obtained from genbank
2 、研究測定了雁形目（ anseriformes ） 19種mtdna12srrna基因全序列，結合genbank中雁形目種類相關數據，分析了雁形目36種鳥類12srrna基因序列變異及其分子系統發生。Among avian orders, the anseriformes ( screamers and waterfowls ) are a morphologically and biologically diverse group containing ca. 150 species distributed worldwide except antarctica. this paper will review the phylogeny of anseriformes firstly and then discuss the molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on the genetic variation of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene and cytochrome b gene respectively
本文首先對雁形目鳥類的系統發生研究進行了綜述，然後分別基於雁形目鳥類線粒體dna12srrna基因和細胞色素b基因全序列的遺傳變異分析，探討了雁形目鳥類分子系統發生。Analysis of the sequence variation of cytochrome b gene indicated that there is no evidence of insertions or deletions, i. e., they are all of identical length of 1143 bp in all the sequences of cytochrome b gene. further, the sequences can be fully translated into amino acid using chicken mitochondrial codon without nonsense mutations or intervening stop codons. the 1143 bp cytochrome b alignment contained 416 variable sites, of which 306 were parsimony informative sites with the strongest variable in third codon positions and less variable in first and second codon positions
細胞色素b基因序列變異分析表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類細胞色素b基因全序列長度一致，無插入和缺失：對照雞線粒體密碼子系統全序列能全部翻譯成氨基酸序列，無無義突變，全序列內部無終止密碼子； 2 ）序列比對后1143加，含416個核著酸變異位點， 306個簡約信息位點，其中處於密碼子第三位的變異最大，第一位和第二位堿基的變異相對較小。分享友人