集體制度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jítǐzhìdù]
集體制度
英文
collective system-
It was restaurant industry graven topic that that of that of from input / output angle said, how advance restaurant kernel ability to compete, with the purpose of advance business economic benefit, as soon as possible brought return, accelerating demonetization end, abaft experience know clearly near twenty year stodgy state look forward to reform mechanism, our state hotel industry be around by babyhood trend maturity, by seller ' s market trend buyer ' s market, such transit should make part rational consumer enjoy to good value for money, too brought ought to part superficial restaurant taste to inevitable ; the government owned restaurant at multinational restaurant bloc and civilian battalion restaurant enterprise " dual impact down, calendar by know clearly reform of monetary system cum bank commercialization, market open cum solution control, market cum competitive mechanism three phase, owing to planned economy belated issues, structure irrationality wrought a matter of and overlapping investment wrought a matter of wait threefold cause, make government owned restaurant at market competition middle gradualness forfeiture competitive edge, in progression appearance hot water, how advance government owned hotel competitive power a matter of, toward me state tourism possess strong operation significance, hunan lotus hotel namely same family pole tool on government owned three stars level hotel behalf of the for the last years, by way of hotel industry occupy quite specific gravity
從投入產出的角度講，如何提高飯店核心競爭能力，以達到提高企業經濟效益，盡快產生回報，加速貨幣回籠的目的，是飯店業嚴肅的話題。在經歷了近二十年步履艱難的國企改革歷程后，我國飯店業已開始由幼稚走向成熟，由賣方市場走向買方市場，這種轉變將使得部分理性的消費者享受到物有所值，也使部分膚淺的飯店品嘗到必然的失敗；近十年來，作為飯店業占相當比重的國有飯店在跨國飯店集團和民營飯店企業的雙重沖擊下，歷經了金融體制改革及銀行商業化、市場開放及解控、市場及競爭機制三個階段，由於計劃經濟遺留下來的問題、結構不合理造成的問題和重復投資造成的問題等三方面的原因，使得國有飯店在市場競爭中逐漸喪失競爭優勢，相繼出現困境，如何提高國有飯店競爭力的問題，對於我國旅遊業具有強烈的現實意義，湖南芙蓉賓館就是一家極具代表性的國有三星級飯店。According backdrop is reform property right system of forestry in this paper, so we discuss the drive settle new circs, furthermore inaugurate design some reform measurements for establishing commercial forestry agora about property right system, base of economy, base casing of commercial forestry agora and so on
摘要以集體林權制度改革所引發的經濟基礎的變革為背景，以商品林市場化的基本構思來推動解決林業產權改革中所出現的新情況，對商品林市場化的經濟基礎、基本框架等進行思考和創新性設計。Regarding the forced liability insurance as principle, the voluntary liability insurance as complement, we should combine the limited compensation and the complete indemnity, widen the extend of environmental liability insurance, formulate scientific and reasonable premium rat, choice the coinsurance group companies for insurance agent, extend the prescription of claim, and so on
同時，採取擴大環境責任保險?圍、制定科學合理的保險費率、以聯保集團作為承保機構以及放寬保險的索賠時效期間等措施來健全環境責任保險的具體制度。Dilemma of collective actions and the choice of institution
集體行動的困境與制度選擇Inquire into the improvement of collective ownership system of rural land in china
論中國農村土地集體所有權制度改革According to the differences in institutional financing and running, this article classifies the establishment and development of school operating in china into five models : founded by tuition and operated by private person, founded by enterprise and operated by educational chain, state - round school privatization, state - round school concessive running, operation by educational stock system. it analyses the establishment social background, existence rationale, main characteristics, encountering development problems, and future development of the five models. even though different models have different background, institutional predominance and limits, they all indicate their ability to effectively accommodate to and utilize market mechanism to promote the efficiency and benefit of school operating.
本文根據學校資金投入和管理方式的不同，將我國學校經營大致劃分為五種主要模式：即以私人籌資、以學養學為特徵的民辦學校滾動經營模式；以集團投資、以產養學為特徵的民辦學校連鎖經營模式；以公民合作、優勢互補為特徵的公立學校轉制經營模式；以校產國有、個人承辦為特徵的公立學校特許經營模式以及以股份籌資、專家治理為特徵的學校教育股份制經營模式，並對每種模式產生的社會背景、制度優勢和面臨的主要問題及發展前景進行了具體分析。The ownership of rural land belongs to peasants " collective, and village peasants " ownership is the basic form. the ownership of rural land should take the form of coparcenary. from economic aspect, it ' s necessary for the right of use to circulate
農地所有權的性質應為農民集體所有，這是我國國情和農村土地特殊性所決定的；所有權的基本形態為村級農民集體所有，鄉鎮和村民小組集體所有僅為特例形態，這是從法律規定的語言表述和農村實際情況作出的結論；所有權的形式采總有制度既能夠維護集體土地所有制又能夠促進生產力發展。A conclusion can be drawn that the land market in the rural area and the urban area in our country are dissevered by the faulty land right system and the binary economic structure engendered due to the history cause. such land institution lead to many problems in the land resource allocation. firstly, the land in the rural area should shift, in order to meet the need of the urbanization, the development of the group enterprise and the change of labor structure in the rural area, but there are obstructions in the legal system, which lead to farmland and construction land shifting illegally
在這種制度安排下導致我國土地資源配置中出現諸多問題：城市化的發展、鄉鎮企業發展以及農村勞動力結構變化都要求農村土地入市，但是法律上卻存在著障礙從而導致農地非法非農化和建設用地自發交易；在不完全的土地產權體系中農村集體和農戶利益受到侵害；國家利益隨著劃撥土地入市而大量流失；在割裂的土地市場制度下土地價格體系也出現城鄉割裂，農村集體土地不論是農用地還是非農用地的價格都未得到科學的界定和規范。Part two introduces the theory of panel data. the basic form of panel data is : yi t = it + xi t it + uit, i = 1, 2, …, n ; t = 1, 2, …, t panel data is used for describing the instance of swatch in a collectivity in some time, and observing every unit in swatch multi - scale. basing on the different hypothesis of ui, panel data has fixed effect model and random effect model, if ui is a unit constant ( corresponding to the dummy variable of
基於分析結果，本文給出了改革我國公司治理結構的若干建議: （ 1 ）股權性質方面，培育有效的國家股持股主體; （ 2 ）股權結構方面，逐漸調整股權結構，減少第一大股東持股比例，增加除第一大股東以外的大股東的股權集中度; （ 3 ）董事會方面，採取奇數型董事會規模，並完善獨立董事的生成機制; （ 4 ）激勵制度方面，應加大董事及總經理的持股比例。Lexibility educational system is a didactical management system, which is based on complete credit system and congregate elective system, hierophant system and credit point system into one. it is chinese credit system
彈性學制是一種以完全學分制為基礎，集選課制，導師制，學分、績點制三位一體的教學管理制度，是學分制的一種模式。" the state council about building town worker system of insurance of primary medical treatment decides " town worker is basic of system of medical treatment insurance enclothe limits to be : town is all unit of choose and employ persons, include a company ( company of state - owned company, investment of cooperative, foreign trader, private enterprise ), unit of company of blame of organization of mechanism, institution, society, run by the local people and its worker
《國務院關于建立城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度決定》城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度的覆蓋范圍為：城鎮所有用人單位，包括企業（國有企業、集體企業、外商投資企業、私營企業等） 、機關、事業單位、社會團體、民辦非企業單位及其職工。There existed in most territories of medieval england a compulsory and collective pledge system, named frankpledge
摘要中世紀英格蘭曾廣泛推行過一種強制性的集體擔保制度，即十戶聯保。His research interests have included property rights, transaction costs, economic organization in history, a theory of the state, the free rider problem ; and have focused on the formation of political and economic institutions and the consequences of these institutions on the performance of economies through time. that research was published by cambridge university press in institutions, institutional and economic performance
諾斯教授的研究興趣遍及產權、交易成本、歷史上的經濟組織、政體論、搭便車等問題，並集中研究政治和經濟制度的形成，以及這些制度對經濟表現的長遠影響，研究結果由劍橋大學出版社出版成書，題為《制度、制度的變革與經濟表現》 。Through, there are so many differences, they should all be called local government or grass roots level government. and because they usually provide the similar public services to their habitant, some experience of foreign local government in construction of their system of tax distribution will surely benefit us
認為縣鄉收入體制應當選擇適度集權模式，通過加強地方稅建設，使縣鄉基層政府主要稅種收入占其支出的50以上，並通過稅收共享、規范轉移支付制度等措施，滿足縣鄉政府公共支出需求，而其核心在於縣鄉主體稅種體系建設。The workshop focused on five topics : 1 new strategies for chinas land policy reform ; 2 institutional reform for land requisition and collective construction land entering onto market in the process of urbanization and industrialization ; 3 land revenue, finance and banking ; 4 land rights and interests security for the landless ; 5 improving farmland protection policies and land laws
1中國土地改革的新課題2城市化和工業化過程中的征地制度改革與集體建設用地進入市場3土地收入與財政金融Analyzing the nationalization of china country collective landownership
中國農村集體土地所有權制度變革之路On the basis of mechanism transition theory, dimension separation theory, and theoretical interpretation of franchise and brand extension, the value curve of economy hotel has worked out by the questionnaire investigation from general comparison of value recognition between the guests and gms of one and two star hotels. with the example analysis of zhongjiang beijing and jinjiang shanghai, at last, the thesis brings forward the best path model " stimulation - evaluation - formation - self - systematizati on " for chinese economy hotel chains expansion as follows : help to build a friendly mechanism environment from administration, financing, taxation, legislation and property adjustment
最後，論文在制度變遷理論、經濟規模分散理論、特許經營和品牌延伸的理論解釋基礎上，結合以經濟型飯店賓客價值需求認知問卷調查為依據的經濟型飯店的價值曲線，和北京中江之旅、上海錦江之星的案例分析，提出了我國經濟型飯店連鎖擴張的最佳路徑，即，在制度環境的支持下，包括政府在行政管理體制、資金籌集體制、稅收征管體制支持和立法監管體制的監督下，從產權制度上建立市場化運營的基礎。By employing relevant theories in new institutional economics, the author analyzed institutional reform of competitive sports in china, and drew the following conclusions : institutional reform of competitive sports in china is essentially a sort of institutional transition ; the main body of institutional transition is various interest groups ; the driving force of institutional transition comes from the gaming between various interest groups ; in order to realize institutional innovation of competitive sports, we should overcome " path - dependency ", and should combine inductive institutional transition with compulsive institutional transition to boost institutional transition
摘要運用新制度經濟學相關理論對中國競技體育體制改革進行分析，認為競技體育體制改革實質上是一種制度變遷；制度變遷的主體是各利益集團；制度變遷的動力來自各利益集團的博弈；實現競技體育制度創新要打破「路徑依賴」 ，將誘致性制度變遷與強制性制度變遷相結合推進制度變遷。At second, the basic enforcement form is the direct income gathering and payment by treasury. it includes : single account system, standardizing the procedures of income gathering and payment. i also use the government purchasing system as the improvement of local government expenditure enforcement
其次，地方預算執行的基本形式是國庫集中收付制，其具體制度設計包括國庫單一賬屍體系、規范的收入收繳程序與規范的支出撥付形式；政府采購制度是完善地方預算支出執行的基本形式。Do class actions, convert quote duty, set up discovery and separate conciliation from trial, etc. i would like to take this occasion to extend my sincere and genuine to mr. zuo weimin whose support is indispensable for the writing of this article. meanwhile i should also thank all the teachers of shi chuan university law institute because their edifies and helps
在具體制度上，本文詳細探討了鼓勵私人提起訴訟和檢察官作為公益代表人提起訴訟的范圍、訴訟權利及限制，探討了在訴訟程序方面應做的相應改革，如集團訴訟的可操作性，舉證責任的倒置，證據開示制度的建立以及調審分離、多調少審等。分享友人