需求定律 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xūqiúdìnglǜ]
需求定律 英文
law of demand
  • 需 : Ⅰ動詞（需要） need; want; require Ⅱ名詞1. （需用的東西） necessaries; needs 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 求 : Ⅰ動詞1 （請求; 要求） ask; beg; request; entreat; beseech : 求人幫忙 ask sb a favour; ask a favou...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 需求 : needs; need; demand; requirement
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. The research of this paper includes three parts : the first, according to the statistical figures about the cargo transport in recent years, it analyzes cargo transport structure and the changing law and the internal reason of cargo transport. at the same time it analyzes and calculates the change of the arriving ships " structure for a systematic and full understand of the transport demands. the second, it make a scientific forecast of the port ' s future cargo capacity making use of the grey forecast system, which provides scientific basis for medium - long term development plan of the port ' s cargo handling capacity

    本文研究的工作主要分三個部分：第一，根據張家港近年來有關貨物運輸的一些統計數據，對貨物運輸的結構和規模演變的規律及內在原因作一剖析，同時對到港船舶的結構變化進行預測，以求對運輸需求有一個系統全面的了解；第二，應用灰色預測系統對張家港港未來港口貨運吞吐量進行科學預測，為張家港港貨物裝卸能力規劃提供科學依據；應用物元分析技術對張家港港口的未來發展前景作出一定程度的分析、研究，找出張家港港口未來發展規劃的零散無序、不成系統的因素，總結前人經驗的基礎上採用綜合評判物元模型進行評判，在預測港口未來發展規劃是否科學實際上具有獨到見解。
  3. Lawmaking is to aim to enhance all kinds of law ’ s efficiency factors which are confirmative degree and developmental degree and efficient social press. new laws are needed when the law demand which is asked for the variability of insider structure breaks through the intrinsic law supply because a domain ’ s insider structure changes, that is, new sub - domains appear, or intrinsic sub - domains expand or fission or shrink or die away. new laws are also needed if that situation is estimated by legislators in advance

    立法旨在提高各子域法的效率因子? ?確定性因子、適應性因子和社會壓力的有效性因子;當域的內部結構發生變化，即出現新的子域，或者原有子域壯大、裂變、萎縮抑或消失時，這種域的內部結構的變異性對法律的需求一旦突破了原有的法律供給，或者立法者已於事先估測到這種情形時，新的立法就成了必需。
  4. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  5. Taking into account the growth of demand index, and the constraints of production growth, the essay models how resources from multiple sources can be brought together to meet demands, and illustrates the strengths of mobilizable resources and the limitations of other kinds of resources

    通過大量戰爭對資源需求與保障的定性定量分析並考慮物質生產增長規律制約，捕捉到需求指數增長趨勢，構築了多途徑資源組合應對模型，論述了各途徑資源所受制約和可動員資源的優勢。
  6. Let me just go back over the reasons for the - - citing them ( inaudible ). it included not only the noncooperation with our law enforcement efforts, but also the lack of financial controls involving drugs, the inability to eradicate crops along the border with colombia both of opium and coca, and also the use of venezuelan territory for transit of drugs coming into the united states

    規定的目標和宗旨，例如採取行動制止毒品的非法種植、生產、發送、銷售、運輸和毒品交易融資，還包括有關禁止洗錢、沒收資產、引渡、聯合法律援助、執法、過境合作、前體化學品控制和抑制需求等方面的措施。
  7. According to user ' s request of flexible query, finding rule through data, data visualizing, jjms applied descriptive data mining including olap, concept description and so on. it realized the function of basic analysis, classification analysis, related analysis, characteristic value analysis. the result show at the way of pivot table, pivot chart. it satisfied the user preferably

    「交通部紀檢監察統計分析系統」根據用戶提出的靈活統計、從數據中發現規律、直觀展現數據的需求，應用olap 、概念描述等描述數據挖掘技術，實現了基本情況分析、分類分析、動態分析、關聯分析、特徵值分析等一系列功能，以透視表、透視圖為主要的數據展現方式，較好的滿足了用戶的需求，得到了用戶的肯定。
  8. Jiang ke. a new method for solving solid structures. computational mechanics : proceedings of international symposium on computational mechanics ( iscm 2007 ), july 30 - august 1, 2007, beijing, china. tsinghua university press & springer

    該文提出了一個求解實體結構（或彈性體）的新方法，非常簡單。它是建立在「廣義虎克定律和疊加原理」基礎上的，不需要「彈性力學的偏微分方程」就可獲得三維實體的內力與位移。
  9. At first, analyze township scale change with two provinces and advantages and disadvantages of specific township financial system forms. secondly, analyze the quality and quantity of township financial revenue, study the historic developing locus of township financial system, and its function and the proper scope, holding the quantitative description of in - budget, off - budget and off - system financial funds. thirdly, it has a quantitative analysis of township fiscal expenditure duties rights, explicit educational duties rights and administrative management duties rights, having the elasticity analysis of educational expenditure administrative management expenditure

    研究是按照如下分析邏輯展開：以鄉鎮財政的供給與需求為切入點，首先對鄉鎮規模變動進行分省區分析，並從鄉鎮財政體制的具體形式存在的利弊進行了分析；其次對鄉鎮財政收入體制進行了質量和數量分析，研究了鄉鎮財政體制形式的歷史發展軌跡，分析其作用和適宜范圍，對預算內、預算外和制度外三塊資金的變動規律進行了定量描述；再次，對鄉鎮財政支出事權進行了定量分析，明確了鄉鎮財政支出事權重點是教育事權和行政管理事權；對教育支出和行政管理支出彈性分析。
  10. Consequently, when holding the market economy as the guiding dunking of economic legislation, we must introduce the sustainable development principle to direct the economy legislation. it will make the economic not only law accord with the objective rule of market economy, but also reflect the necessity of sustainable development of economy

    因此，在堅持市場經濟作為經濟立法的指導思想的同時，必須引入可持續發展原則來指導經濟立法，從而使我們所制定的經濟法律法規，既符合市場經濟的客觀規律，又體現經濟可持續發展的需求。
  11. The thesis, taking a case study on the 232 communities in tianjin hexi district, which is one of the downtown areas of tianjin, aim at the characteristics of the changes in urban spatial organized structure ; analyze the tendency that how urban people gather spatially, how residents choose their houses and apartments, and how different communities have different needs ; find out what are the new problems proposed to urban community spatial management because of the division of the sections of society, the changes of the organization and management structure of urban society, and the changes of social structure and real - estate development

    探討城市最基礎的空間組織結構的變化特點;分析城區居民在空間聚集方式、人居環境選擇、社區需求等方面的取向性與規律性;揭示因城市社區階層化、空間結構分異化、組織管理地域化給城市社區空間管理提出的新問題。本文以圍繞中國城市社區空間組織管理所做的十大思考為著力點，提出並分析了我國城市社區空間組織管理不可迴避的一些問題，包括構建新型城市社區空間組織管理模式的困難與困惑的思考;關于社區貧富區位化與公共資源配置的思考;關于社區空間定位與社區規模的思考和關于有中國特色的社區組織管理體制的思考等。
  12. The condition of realizable law is determined by the respective and mutual conditions of country and society. the country can make the law embodying social internal requirement emerge, change and develop effectual, timely only if it can play the role meeting with social internal requirement. the society can transfer the law required by society into the realizable law by country, the medium only if the society depends on itself

    國家與社會各自及兩者間的互動性狀態決定著現實中的法律的境況，國家只有扮演好自身的與社會在內在要求相適應的角色，才能使體現社會內在需求的法律適時而有效地產生、變革與發展；社會只有適度自立，才能使自身內在需求的法律通過國家這一中介而轉化為現實中的法律。
  13. At any point, the stock price only depends on the equalization points of supply and demand. this paper have disclosed the inherent law that the stock price takes from the view of micro structure theory of financial market, there is combination of theory between practice and certain effectiveness. it will do good to analyze the current station and problem of domestic and international financial stock market, it will help us take p recautions against financial risks and has realistic meaning with importance

    股票在任何時點的真實價格僅取決于供給和需求的平衡點，本文採用一般均衡理論及其模型，從一個方面揭示了金融市場微觀結構理論價格形成的內在規律，理論聯系實際，有一定的可操作性，對于分析國內外金融股票市場的現狀、問題，以及防範化解金融風險，具有重要的現實意義。
  14. In this chapter, different tea customs in mongolia are analyzed and their shared patterns are summarized and amplified theoretically to some extent ; the intrinsic elements such as the symbolism of the tea culture are explored as well as the tea utensils and tea culture ; the intrinsic cultural characteristic of mongolian tea culture is further emphasized with the reflection that tea is not merely a drinkable thing that is physiologically needed, but also a spiritual need and an important form of enjoyment

    通過詳細介紹蒙古地區制茶、飲茶的飲食生活習慣，對各地區茶習俗進行具體分析，探究其共同點和普遍規律，並進行了一定的理論闡釋。不僅從茶用具、茶習俗等外在形式進行研究，還對茶文化象徵寓意等內在因素進行了深入探討，進一步強調了茶文化的內在文化特性，認為茶與茶習俗不單是飲食對象與生理需要，也是一種不容忽視的精神需求與享受。
  15. With this objective in mind, this paper concentrated on the regularity analysis of the oil freight market. firstly, this paper investigated the world oil demand and tonnage supply

    本文首先採用定性與定量相結合的方法，說明了世界石油運輸的供給和需求特點，為後面油運費率市場的規律性研究提供了依據。
  16. It is origin from england and germany, and the international principle of the new type farmer ’ s fund mutually cooperationorganization is pass in the 100 anniversary, it is including autonomy, independence, education, cultivate and etc. so, in this paper, the auther ’ s definition is it is on some phase, when the farmers want to get for the low cost and other service, they will spontaneous to go together, which is the new type farmer ’ s fund mutually cooperationorganization. at the same time, the organization ’ s internality and risk control mechanism is different from the rural cooperation funds, rural financial cooperation, informal rural financial banks. the second part analysis the practice pattern and the circulate mechanism of the new type farmer ’ s fund mutually cooperationorganization

    本文以制度構成理論、交易成本理論、不完全競爭市場理論為基礎，理論與實踐相結合，採用實證分析、對比分析方法，對新型農民資金互助合作組織的內涵、特性、組織形式、運行機制進行客觀描述和分析，同時闡述了這種模式在適應我國農村金融需求市場，滿足農民生產、生活資金需要以及國家監管農村民間金融，擴大國家公共管理權力等方面具有的重要意義，並從我國的法律構建、政策制定方面提出了支持其發展的對策思路。
  17. 3. feasibility analysis of mbs the paper introduces and explains the theory of mbs and analysis the feasibility of mbs in china from many aspects, such as system, laws, financial environment, the situation of housing markets, macroeconomic effect, etc. the reform of land - using system provides mbs system pre - requisite ; the interrelated laws offer the law guarantee for mbs ; the issue of " security act " indicates that the security market of china is being normalized, and the developing prospect of finance in china brings mbs effective support ; the dilemma between the surplus and the shortage of commercial housing gives mbs an important turning point ; the macroeconomic effect of mbs is that it accelerates the economy, reduces the pressure of currency inflation, dissolves the operating risks of finance organs and makes the finance system operate steadily

    三、我國住房抵押證券化的可行性分析本文從住房抵押貨款證券化（ mbs ）的理論分析入手，結合我國住房抵押貸款的發展狀況，分別從制度、法律保障、金融環境、住房市場現狀、宏觀經濟效應等幾方面論述了mbs在我國的可行性：土地使用制度改革為實施mbs提供了制度前提；配套法律制度為實施mbs提供了法律保障； 《證券法》的正式出臺，標志著我國證券市場走向規范，我國良好的金融業發展前景為mbs提供了有效的支持；現階段住房市場的有效供給與有效需求雙重約束的矛盾存在，為證券化實施提供了重要契機； mbs的宏觀經濟效應在於拉動國內需求，促進經濟增長，減輕通貨膨脹壓力，化解金融機構經營風險，保持金融體系穩定運行。
  18. Nowadays there exist some problems in tourism planning : less attention has been paid to the consumers " needs and their behavior, and the analysis of tourist market seems superficial. based on the previous research of many scholars, the thesis summarizes the methods of tourist market analysis, and then elaborates how the economy, tourists " characters and the tourism resources will affect the tourists " need. the methods of market segmenting, image designing of the tour place and target market localizing are also discussed

    針對上述問題，本文在國內外眾多學者對旅遊客源市場研究的基礎上，系統地總結了旅遊客源市場現狀的描述和分析方法，並借用旅遊地理學、旅遊經濟學、心理學、行為學等學科的理論，用數理統計和模糊數學的方法對旅遊市場需求的形成、旅遊者的行為規律進行詳盡闡述，在此基礎上，概括了客源市場細分、旅遊地形象設計及目標市場定位方法。
  19. American law belongs to the common law legal system which mainly origins from case law. in course of its development, the judges, especially those of federal super court and the superior state courts, played a very important role. in order to retain the continuity and the stability of legal system, they made an effort to find the social demands and embedded them into the lively cases. in this way, they constantly reforged the case law legal system of america, making it permanent and fresh

    美國法屬于以判例為主要法律淵源的普通法法系。在它發展演化的過程中，法官，尤其是聯邦最高法院和各州最高一級法院的法官們發揮了極其重要的作用。他們在保持法律制度的連續性和穩定性的同時，用心體察社會發展的需求，並把這種需求精心地嵌入一個個鮮活的判例中，不斷重塑著美國的判例法體系，使之恆久而常新。
  20. Our company law was made for the reform of economy system of organization, especially made for reforming of state - owned enterprise and reorganizing of companies, and it had little revision during nine years, which is not only in keep with the rule of company law of other countries, but also does n ' t accord with the development of economy and society

    我國現行《公司法》是為適應經濟體制改革的需要制定的，特別是為適應國企改制和清理整頓公司的要求出臺的，在其實施的九年間，只作過一次較小修改。這不僅不符合世界大多數國家公司法產生發展修訂的一般規律，更不符合我國經濟發展和社會進步的需要，法律的上層建築愈來愈無法適應經濟基礎發展的要求，修訂公司法勢在必行。
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