非商品支出 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēishāngpǐnzhīchū]
非商品支出 英文
expenditure for not buying commodities
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 品 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物品） article; product 2 （等級; 品級） grade; class; rank 3 （品質） character; qualit...
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  1. Ultimately, many critics of the music business claim that its problems stem from an inability to produce a product that consumers want to buy, and that most illegal downloaders will flatly refuse to pay for unappetisingly packaged songs and films that they previously got for free

    最終，許多音樂商的批評聲稱，問題是它不能製造出消費者想要購買的產品，大多數非法下載者拒絕支付那些以前免費得到現在令人乏味的一攬子的歌曲和電影。
  2. Our study shows through economic channels ( reduction in labor demand, relative price change, fiscal retrenchment, changes in the value of assets, worsen of social environment ), and via the channels of financial transfer which from non - participants to participants of the financial sector, financial crises and it ' s resolution worsened the distribution of income and poverty in ldcs

    我們的研究顯示：通過勞動要求的減少、商品相對價格的變化、公共支出的削減、實物與金融資產價格變化和社會環境的惡化等經濟渠道，以及由非參與者到金融系統參與者的金融轉移渠道，金融危機及其治理加重了發展中國家的貧困程度，惡化了收入分配狀況。
  3. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
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