非結合電子對 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēijiēgědiànziduì]
非結合電子對 英文
nonbonding electron pair
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 結 : 結動詞（長出果實或種子） bear （fruit）; form （seed）
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 電 : Ⅰ名詞1 （有電荷存在和電荷變化的現象） electricity 2 （電報） telegram; cable Ⅱ動詞1 （觸電） give...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 結合 : 1 （發生密切聯系; 聯合） combine; unite; integrate; link; binding; coalition; cohesion; connectio...
  • 電子 : [物理學] [電學] electron
  1. Results the diagnostic accuracy of cut film with conventional ap and lateral views was 80. 5 %, the diagnostic accuracy of cine film with angulated views was 90. 0 % and the diagnostic accuracy of dsa using non - ionic contrast medium with angulated views was 96. 5 %

    結果用快速換片心血管造影設備和常規正側位元投照時的兒童先天性心臟病心血管造影診斷符合率為80 . 5 % ，用電影心血管造影設備和軸位元成角投照技術時的造影診斷符合率為90 . 0 % ，採用數字減影心血管造影設備，軸位成角投照技術和非離子型對比劑時的造影診斷符合率為96 . 5 % 。
  2. In the system, the collimation semiconductor laser - scanned beam scanning two perpendiculars direct of one plane of the measured workpiece at the same time is made. the beams with the dimension information of two perpendiculars direct are processed by the scanning receive system, the high - speed photoelectric transition and electronic data process. two measured results of the diametric directs and ellipse tolerance, etc, parameter, of the turning workpiece on the same plane are obtained by non - contact automatic measurement

    在單向激光掃描檢測技術的基礎之上，提出了一種雙向激光掃描檢測系統，其採用激光掃描檢測技術與特殊光學系統相結合，用準直半導體激光掃描光束對被測工件徑向某一截面的兩個相互垂直方向同時掃描，經掃描接收光學系統、高速光電變換、電子學系統和微機數據處理系統，對將攜帶有垂直方向被測量信息的光束進行處理，實現了回轉體工件同一截面兩個垂直方向的徑向尺寸和橢圓度等參數的非接觸自動測量，解決了同時非接觸測量回轉體零件同一截面兩個徑向尺寸的難題，它具有高速，高精度和非接觸自動測量等特點。
  3. Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented

    許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型
  4. The application in internet / lntranet uhich is very popular today is also discussed here especially the adms combined with the web technology

    針對目前非常流行的的iternet / intranet及電子商務的應用，本文探討了結合web應用的分散式多層應用系統。
  5. The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

    在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。
  6. The main work and conclusion for this paper is as following : according to the flashover test results of several kinds of iced insulators under positive voltage and negative voltage, this paper obtained : for the single porcelain insulator, the single glass insulator and the composite insulator bridged completely by icicle, the metal cathode ' s strong ability of emission electron is the primary reason that results in the lower negative flashover voltage ; the position difference of the high resistance district in method anode side results in that porcelain insulator cluster and glass insulator cluster have an evident effect of polarity ; when less ice and no icicle at the brim of the sheds, due to numerous non - polar arcs on the composite surface, the effects of polarity of composite insulator was lost using the test method of the average flashover voltage in the freezing period, dc flashover performances were investigated of several insulators with some typical structures and different material

    本文的主要工作和結論如下：在人工氣候室內，根據不同覆冰絕緣子正、負極性下的閃絡試驗結果，得出負極性電弧金屬陰極的強電子發射能力造成了單片瓷、玻璃絕緣子及被冰凌橋接的合成絕緣子有較低負極性冰閃電壓；正極性電弧金屬陽極側產生高電阻區所處位置的差異使得瓷和玻璃絕緣子串具有明顯的極性效應；覆冰較少時，合成絕緣子表面出現數量較多的非極性電弧使合成絕緣子無極性效應。利用覆冰期內平均閃絡電壓的試驗方法，對不同材質和結構的絕緣子在覆冰、低氣壓和污穢共存環境中的直流閃絡特性進行了研究。試驗結果表明，直流平均閃絡電壓隨著海拔的升高、覆冰量的增加以及污穢度的增加而降低，且其特徵指數與絕緣子結構、覆冰量、覆冰狀態、污穢度等有關。
  7. By analyzing their energy offset on the interfaces, we found that the introduction of ii - vi compounds replaces the original steep barrier with ladder - like barriers. the injection probability becomes the production of two injection probabilities through lower barriers and become larger than the original one. in chapter 5 we want to utilize the deeper, dynamical ( in addition of static ) properties of semiconductor to reinforce the luminescence of oel

    為使類陰極射線發光同有機電致發光集成，我們設計了非對稱結構al sioz mnppvn ， mn ppv中的發光是由於從sioz出來的電子和從ld注人的空穴的復合，而由於sioz中的電子的倍增過程，從sioz層出來的電子能量不是單一的，而有一個從低能到高能的分佈。
  8. In addition, the breakdown and the degeneration of pcss " s are serious problems in the applications. in this dissertation the mode of luminous charge domain is perfected ulteriorly by deeply studying the dynamics characteristic of high - field domain of the trans - electron device with experiment stability of nonlinear pcss

    本文在通過對轉移電子器件偶極疇的動力學特徵作了深入分析的基礎上，結合非線性pcss ' s的穩定性實驗，對非線性pcss ' s的光激發電荷疇理論模型作了進一步的完善。
  9. First, the paper researchs the spice simulation of single electron transistor based on curve approach and quasi - analytical model of single electron transisor, and simulate characteristic of single electon transistor with matlab tool. secondly, the paper combine spice simulation program with master equation of single electron transistor, put forward novel spice simulation method of single electron transistor based on master equation, by choose master state of single electron transistor and build master equation of single electron transistor, afterward gain nonlinear cortrolled source of spice model of single electron transistor by solve the master equation of single electron transistor and simulate v - i characteristic of single electon transistor by spice program, it ’ s result prove the method is availability precision comparing with master equation method

    然後在此基礎上提出了基於主方程法單電子晶體管spice模擬新方法，本論文結合當前電路模擬軟體spice程序和單電子晶體管主方程模擬演算法，通過選擇單電子島電子數的主要狀態，建立單電子晶體管主方程，然後求解主方程，求得單電子晶體管spice等效模型的受控源的非線性函數，然後利用集成電路輔助分析軟體spice的abm （模擬行為建模）建立單電子晶體管（ set ） spice等效模型，利用set的等效模型對單電子晶體管v - i特性進行模擬，實驗證明此方法與直接解主方程法相比具有一定的精度。
  10. Based on the self - consistent nonlinear theory of complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transition, a simulation code of self - consistent nonlinear beam - wave interaction has been made, in which the multiple modes interaction with an electron beam and the mode coupling are taken into account. the interaction between the electron beam and hsn - h521 rf field for third - harmonic gyrotron is simulated. the influences of the thickness and the velocity spread and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and the fluctuation of the magnetic field and the technologic errors of complex cavity on the multi - modes interaction with an electron beam are analyzed

    二、在漸變復合腔迴旋管多模自洽非線性理論的基礎上，編制了高次諧波漸變復合腔迴旋管多模注?波互作用自洽非線性模擬軟體，並對8mm波段三次諧波漸變結構復合腔迴旋管的注? ?波互作用進行了大量的自洽非線性數值模擬計算與研究，進而分析了電子注的厚度、速度零散、速度比值、磁場波動、腔體尺寸的加工誤差等等多種因素對互作用效率的影響。
  11. Any opinions, conclusions, advice or statements contained in this email should not be relied upon unless they are confirmed in writing by contracts, agreements or statements signed by sanofi - aventis

    對于本電子郵件中包含的觀點、結論、建議或陳述，除非已經賽諾菲安萬特書面簽署合同、協議或聲明予以確認，不應被作為任何行為的依據。
  12. A brief introduction to semiconductor spintronics that includes magnetic semiconductor, magnetic / semiconductor compound structures, spin phenomena in the non - magnetic semiconductor quantum well and nanostructures, and spin injection into semiconductor etc. is given

    摘要簡單介紹了半導體自旋電子學的研究對象和內容，主要包括磁性半導體、磁性半導體復合結構、非磁性半導體量子阱和納米結構中的自旋現象，以及半導體的自旋注入等。
  13. The nonlinear properties of the type compound of chalcone have been studied using finite field ( ff ) / pm3 method. the influence of the molecular structures, the type of substituting group and its sites on organic conjugated molecular electronic and nonlinear properties have also been studied for different substituting group and its sites. the results proved that the substiuting group noucd improve obviously the nonlinear properties of the system

    利用有限場ff pm3方法討論了查爾酮類化合物的非線性光學性質，針對不同取代基和取代位置系統分析了分子結構、取代基的類型、取代位置對共軛有機分子電子性質及非線性光學性質的影響結果表明，取代基的引入可明顯改善體系的非線性光學性質
  14. Since the concept of superlattice was proposed, vertical transport in superlattice has been investigated widely. the electric field domains and current self - oscillations which result from sequential resonant tunneling between different subbands of the superlattice are very significant phenomena. such kind of oscillation can be uesd to make tunable microwave oscillaors. in this thesis, low temperature transport problem, especially the formation of field domain and the condition of current self - oscillations in doped gaas / alas superlattice with weak coupling are investigated thoroughly and also by combining the macroscopic model with the microscopic one., the voltage - current characteristic and the current oscillation are simulated. the calculated result is nearly consistent with the experimental data

    由超晶格中子能級之間的順序多阱共振隧穿引起的電場疇及電流自維持振蕩現象是其中的一個非常有意義的分支，該現象可用來製作電壓調諧微波振蕩器。本論文對弱耦合摻雜gaaa alas超晶格中的縱向輸運特別是針對低溫下的場疇的形成和固定偏壓下電流自維持振蕩產生的條件進行了深入的探討，並結合宏觀模型和微觀模型對超晶格在時變電壓作用下的電壓-電流特性以及固定偏壓作用下的電流特性進行了模擬計算。
  15. However the study of metal - oxide hetero - interface is relatively less because the properties of metals and oxides usually differ extremely from each other. contrary to metals, the oxides are usually very brittle, elastically stiffer, insulating and exhibit less thermal expansion and their crystal lattice constants are different from metals. moreover, the preparation of specimen of metal - oxide interface is very difficult, the observation of searching a suitable interface under the electron microscope is also a tedious work

    然而，對金屬-氧化物界面結構的研究卻相對少一些，這主要是由於金屬與氧化物之間的性質相差非常大，與金屬相反，氧化物通常很脆、絕熱、熱膨脹系數小，晶格常數也不同於金屬，有的甚至相差很大，而且，制備金屬-氧化物界面比較困難，在電子顯微鏡下全面地觀察一個合適的界面也是一項令人乏味的工作。
  16. Following the fast development of market economy, seller - oriented market is changed to buyer - oriented market the product ' s price, quality, customer service and quick respond is the key to occupy the market for example, boeing chain spare part center is the distinguished enterprise which use scm it established the long term strategy partnership with most of chinese airlines in this environment, using scm to reorganize purchasing department of gj airlines is the guarantee to strengthening the core competitive capability. this thesis want to point out that scm is the good way to improving customer service. reducing inventory, reducing cost. meanwhile, scm can cause scale economy and enhance the competitive capability and share more information & materials. scm can also promote the e - business developing. through the research of scm and use of scm, we will find and take advantage of core competitive capability of gj airlines

    如波音中國零部件寄售中心在這方面做的非常優秀，它與國內多家航空公司間建立的庫存支援協議，為航空公司以及其自身的經營創造了雙盈的局面。在此環境下，針對航空公司航材采購方面的供應鏈優化設計，就成為gj航空公司增強企業在這個市場上的核心競爭力的有力保障。本研究通過對有效地實現供應商選擇和與供應商的良好結合，提高保障質量；降低航材庫存，降低財務成本；減少資金佔用，實現信息和航材共享，產生規模效應，發展企業的低成本戰略；促進企業使用電子商務等方面的研究成果，發掘gj航空公司的核心競爭力。
  17. With the background of the work in " the developing platform and key technologies for vehicle electric system " and " the developing platform based on component for intelligence electrical appliance " which belongs to national 863 high tech program ( 863 program ), this dissertation mainly focus on the research of the embedded component technology, analyses general component model and current embedded component model, researches the embedded component technology for different domains on the basis of embedded system characteristics, shows two embedded component models for special domain : " embedded component model based on intertask communication ", " embedded model based on assembly language source code "

    本文結合實時系統研究室先期技術研究「面向客用汽車電子嵌入式軟體開發平臺及關鍵技術」和863項目子課題「智能家電軟體構件化開發集成平臺」 ，對嵌入式組件技術進行了研究，分析了當前非嵌入式領域和嵌入式領域的組件模型，根據嵌入式系統的特點，研究了面向不同領域的嵌入式組件技術，在吸收已有嵌入式組件技術優點的基礎上，提出了面向兩種特定領域的嵌入式組件實現模型:基於任務間通信的嵌入式組件模型，基於匯編源代碼的嵌入式組件實現模型。
  18. The dissertation focuses on the semi - active vibration control for the linear suspension of the full - vehicle model in chapter 4. it develops a two - stage control strategy, dividing the full - vehicle suspension and the four mr dampers into two different parts. the upper stage controls the full - vehicle suspension by using the lqg with all the control objectives taken into account and determines the desired restoring

    該方法將多輸入多輸出的非線性系統經過輸出解耦變換，簡化成四個單輸入單輸出的子系統，通過分別對單級anfis模糊系統的離線辨識和在線調整相結合，產生四個磁流變阻尼器所需要的控制電壓，以此對非線性整車懸架系統的實施智能控制。
  19. At present, local morphology was used to discriminate ferroelectric phase area and non - ferroelectric phase area, but once morphology variation of phase transformation was tiny, the ferroelectric phase area and non - ferroelectric phase area was hard to discriminate only from morphology view. however, the introduction of sndm can overcome this limitation, and visualize the investigation of annealing process. combining x - ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy ( afm ) with sndm, the phase transformation process of pzt thin films with different annealing time and of plt films with different annealing temperature were studied, respectively

    結合原子力顯微鏡（ afm ） 、 sndm 、 x射線衍射（ xrd ） ，通過對微區形貌、電容分佈變化和鐵電薄膜結晶情況的表徵和分析，研究了pzt鐵電薄膜和plt鐵電薄膜的晶化過程，分析了不同退火時間對pzt鐵電薄膜微結構，不同退火溫度對plt薄膜的微結構和微區極化分佈的影響，有效克服僅依據形貌特徵判定鐵電相與非鐵電相的局限性，實現鐵電薄膜微區晶化過程的可視化分析，豐富了晶化過程的研究方法。
  20. Some usual measurement methods are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed in detail. in view of the defects of the usual methods and the latest developments in bi - photon effect, an all - fiber - measurement system for ultra short pulse was designed in this work, based on the knowledge of nonlinear fiber optics, application of passive optic apparatus, optic - electric transformation, analog circuit, micro chip unit ( mcu ) and so on

    針對常用方法的不足，結合近些年來雙光子效應的研究成果，我們採用雙光子探測器取代常用的非線性晶體，並首次利用光纖延遲取代空間光路延遲，綜合了非線性光纖光學、光無源器件的應用、光電轉換、模擬電路、單片機等知識，設計出了一套全光纖超短脈沖測量系統。
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