預算程式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànchéngshì]
預算程式 英文
budget procedure
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 程式 : form; pattern; formula; modality
  1. But as a kind of mature management system, it has n ' t been applied successfully in most of chinese companies. the reasons of that include misunderstanding of science property of overall budget management 、 unfit budget management organization 、 lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. the traditional building method based on the company ' s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the department ' s work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget

    然而全面預算管理作為一項比較成熟的管理體系，在我國大部分企業卻並沒有得到很好的實施，這其中固然有對全面預算管理科學性認識不足、預算編制工作的組織不到位、缺乏科學的預算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一個重要原因是大部分企業在構建全面預算管理體系時使用的是傳統的構建方法，即基於企業現有的部門職能劃分而進行的，在保持作業流程和管理流程不變的情況下，將部門工作計劃以貨幣或數量的方式表示出來，即成為公司預算。
  2. Third chapter describes the budgeting plan system based on futurology. the core budgeting targets are considered as the start of budgeting plan model and related budgeting plan process

    第三部分從未來學角度出發，闡述了基於未來學的預算編制體系，主要提出了以核心預算指標為起點的預算編制模式及相應的預算編制流程。
  3. Based on the terszige and biot theory, initially analyze the economical of this experiment, directly save investment 22 % after compute. after that, computing the settlement of highway foundation, comparing the computing and survey value, the predict formula of vacuum - heaped load combining precompression for designing, this formula show that the distortion law of consolidation progress. at the same time, based on the position and room experiment, analyzes the intension transformation in soft soil and criteria of stabilization control

    在太沙基和比奧固結理論的基礎上，先分析了此次試驗的經濟性，經核算直接節約投資22 ，經濟效益十分明顯；隨后對真空堆載聯合預壓法加固軟土路基的沉降量進行了估算，並與實測值作對比分析，得出了真空堆載聯合預壓下的沉降量估算公式，能反映「真空」加固過程的變化規律；同時根據現場和室內試驗，分析了軟土強度的變化，以及給出並驗證了工后沉降控制標準。
  4. The study in the paper starts with beam distortions, and it treats the plastic deformation area as pure bending sect, rest of the beam as rigid bodies. according to different shapes of the external tendons, it divides into three structural forms familiar in projects, that is the beams with no deviator, with a deviator and with two deviators, and studies the relation between the deformation of the external prestressing tendons and that of the beams, and derives the formulas of the ultimate stress increment of external tendons. in the formulas, the ultimate angle corresponding to half of the plastic deformation area is considered as a variable parameter

    本文首先從梁極限狀態下的變形入手，將塑性鉸區看作純彎段，將塑性鉸以外的區域看作剛體，按照體外預應力筋的形狀不同，分工程中最常見的三種體外結構形式，即無轉向塊的直線型體外筋混凝土梁、具有一個轉向塊的單折線型梁和具有兩個轉向塊的雙折線型梁，研究體外預應力筋變形和梁體的變形間的關系，推導出以極限狀態下塑性鉸區之半對應的轉角為參數的計算體外預應力混凝土簡支梁以及連續梁的體外筋應力增量計算公式，並進一步求得梁的極限承載力。
  5. First, using strip - partitoning method and programming in matlab language, the numerical caculations of the relation curve between moment and curvature are done for the beams strengthened with non - prestressed and pretressed cfrp sheets, base on the assumption of plane section, non - bonding slip and non - peeled destroy. secondly, nolinear finite elemeant analysis by ansys are done for the beams strengthened with prestressed cfrp sheets base on the three assumptions before mentioned, the analysis are all done for the relation curve between load and displacement, the distribution of material stress, the distribution of cracks. lastly, calculation formula of flexural capacity and deflection are proposed

    ）的全過程關系曲線。其次基於上面的三個假定，選擇合理的本構關系，利用ansys通用有限元分析程序對預應力碳纖維布加固梁進行非線性有限元分析，分析了加固梁的荷載-撓度關系、材料的應力情況、裂縫的分佈情況等。最後提出了承載力計算公式和正常使用狀態下撓度計算公式。
  6. Based on the budget setting process, the enterprise budget can be divided into imposed budget and participative budget, which both have its own virtue and deficiencies. the business can choose the appropriate method, complied with such factors as its own operation character, market environment, and target level of budget. according to budget preparative method, the enterprise budget can also be divided into fixed budget, flexible budget, probabilistic budget, rolling budget, and zero - based budget, etc. different methods apply to budgeting of different demand and content, which make choices diversified

    根據預算編制的程序企業預算可分為參與性預算和強加性預算，兩種方式的預算各有優缺點，企業應根據自身生產經營特點、所處的市場環境、預算的目標層次等各方面因素來選擇適合於自己的方式；根據預算編制的方法，企業預算分為固定預算、彈性預算、概率預算、滾動預算、零基預算等。
  7. The key technology of mpidss includes the distributed supported technology, the process control of cooperative working and the real - time control of the decision process, etc. based on the technologies of decision support system ( dss ), group decision support system ( gdss ) and distributed decision support system ( ddss ), with the theory of system engineering and artificial intelligence such as knowledge engineering, agent, etc, having the background of the items supported by the national 10th five - year plan foundation - the research on the technology of military programming intelligent decision support system, this paper focus its work on researching on the algorithm of mission decomposing and mission distributing, distributed support technology, real - time process control method and project evaluating technology, etc. further more, the architectural model of process control based on multi - agent alliance is put forward and the prototype system of mpidss is implemented

    這類決策問題與傳統的企業決策的不同點在於決策群體龐大、決策任務多且任務屬性各異、決策任務的求解具有實時性要求等。決策過程中的關鍵技術包括分散式支持技術、決策任務求解的過程式控制制技術以及實時任務的求解控制策略等。論文在繼承傳統的個體決策支持系統（ dss ） 、群體決策支持系統（ gdss ）和分散式決策支持系統（ ddss ）技術的基礎上，結合系統工程思想以及人工智慧中的知識工程、 agent等前沿技術，以總裝備部十五預研課題? ? 「群體決策支持平臺」為課題背景，深入研究了分散式多任務群體決策過程中的任務分解與分配演算法、任務協作策略、分散式支持技術、實時控制技術，決策方案評價技術等，提出了用於過程式控制制的多agent聯盟體系結構模型，設計和實現了面向軍事作戰規劃的智能決策支持原型系統。
  8. Finally, the fatigue equation and axle load conversion are applied to forecast the steel bridge deck pavement ' s service life of nanjing second yangtze river bridge

    結合南京長江第二大橋鋼橋面鋪裝工程，應用所建立的疲勞性能方程以及軸載換算公式對鋼橋面鋪裝層使用壽命進行預測。
  9. With the development of the west region and beijing ' s successful application to host the 2008 olympic games, together with the accession to the wto, china is faced with an emergent demand for the construction of energy and other infrastructure projects. so it is wise for china to adopt bot in infrastructure projects, both for the purpose to modify the pressure on public budget, and for the benefit of importing advanced technology and management methodology

    隨著我國西部大開發戰略的提出及2001年北京申辦奧運會成功和我國加入世界貿易組織多年夙願的實現，大量的能源、基礎設施建設的需求顯得極為緊迫，而為了減輕政府基礎設施和公共工程預算資金的壓力，並更好的引進技術和管理經驗，採用bot方式來完成這一大批基礎設施項目的建設無疑是十分明智的選擇。
  10. The author considers as follows : ( 1 ) we should understand how to define the price of architecture products the cost of engineering and the price of engineering, we should compare the connotations of plan price, float price and market price, we should clarify how engineering cost and architecture installation engineering cost are formed and what is the difference between balance price and final accounts price ; ( 2 ) through analyzing and comparing the account bases and composing contents of enterprise individual production cost and social average production cost, analyzing from the design mechanism ' s function of auction and bid and the purpose of actualizing auction and bid, we can confirm that the foundation that the titles are weeded when judged is enterprise individual production cost, not social average production cost ; ( 3 ) the author considers there is diverge between shop drawing budget based on ration and auction and bid, carrying out bill quantity of construction works can advance the formation of cons truction - product market price, also is the outset and integrant route to close international, but though code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works has a lot of advantage to advance the form of architecture market price, we also see it has lack and it should be amended

    針對以上問題，筆者認為：應該了解建築產品價格與工程造價、工程價格是如何界定的、比較建築產品的計劃價格、浮動價格與市場價格的含義，搞清楚工程造價的構成和建築安裝工程費用的構成以及竣工結算價格與決算價格的區別；通過分析、比較建築產品的「社會平均生產成本」和「企業個別生產成本」的計算依據和構成內容，從招標投標的設計機制的功能和實施招投標的目的來分析，確認在評標中剔除低於成本價標書的依據是投標企業的個別生產成本，而不是社會平均生產成本；筆者認為以定額為計價依據的施工圖預算方法與招標投標之間存在悖論，工程量清單計價的推行是對建築產品市場價格形成改革的推進，也是建築產品價格形成方式與國際接軌的開端與必經之路，但是也必須認識到雖然《建設工程工程量清單計價規范》具有推進建築市場價格形成的諸多優勢，但仍存在不足與需要完善的地方。
  11. This article aim at the actuality of petroleunu liquefied petroleum gas tins, complete analysis the process of petroleum -, liquefied petroleum gas tins safety manufacture. by applying optical fiber sensing technology, profibus technology, network technology, communication technology, automatic control technology and safe analysis plan, establishing petroleum > liquefied petroleum gas tins manufacture and safety control system that can manufacture manage, process control, safety supervise and accident predict on " ethernet " network

    本文針對石油、液化氣罐區現狀，對石油、液化氣罐區安全生產過程進行全面分析，在基於光纖傳感技術、 profibus現場總線技術和計算機控制技術基礎上應用網路技術、通信技術以及安全分析方法，在「 ethernet 」網路建立具有生產管理、進程式控制制、安全控制、事故預案等功能的液化石油氣罐區生產與安全雙重控制系統。
  12. Using a combination method of the lifting surface theory and acoustic technique, the effects of different diameters, skews and rakes on the discrete noise of the propeller are studied by the numerical method and some useful results for engineering are presented in this paper

    利用升力面理論和聲學方法得到的離散譜噪聲的預報公式，對螺旋槳直徑、側斜、縱傾變化對離散譜噪聲的影響作了數值計算，並得到了工程上有實用意義的結果。
  13. The inner and self control of human being are more effective than any other outer control, so the best way to stimulate the human activities and make them take initiative action against evil behaviors is motivation. with the coordination and guidance as the main aim, internal equilibrium system introduces motivation and implies " motivation & restraint ", it is suggested that the practical internal equilibrium system should be established on the basis of inve stors, managers and common employees and perfect corporate governance system. in addition, the paper concerns some points in implementation of internal equilibrium, such as how to reform the mode of current accounting system, how to extend the function of internal audit and how to motivate human behavior through budget management

    其新穎之處為解決當前企業面臨最大問題「搭便車」和「代理成本」問題，提供了設計思路：以激勵機制為核心，在制度基礎上實現「激勵相容」 ，以「市場鏈」為紐帶的業務流程再造，把人的管理與財和物的管理結合起來；最後本文論述了內部制衡的實施是新經濟時代的要求，在實施中關注的問題：變革現行會計「見物不見人」的核算模式、擴大內部審計職能、提高預算管理的激勵作用等。
  14. In line with the establishment of the national innovation system and the management of the pilot projects of the knowledge innovation progeam in cas, it is proposed in this article that the establishment of an improved budget appropriation system is an effective approach to shift the organizational management from micro - management fo macromanagement. this system, as is pointed out in this article, is a priority to enhance the ability of self - regulation and self - development in cas institutions and also a key to the reform of current scientific research management system and operational mechanism

    本文結合國家創新體系建立和中國科學院知識創新試點工程工作的管理，提出了建立完善預算撥款制度是實現機關管理從微觀管理向宏觀管理轉變的有效方式，也是提高中國科學院院屬單位自我約束、自我發展的必要條件；是目前科研管理體制及運行機制改革的重點。
  15. The valid financial affairs should form a kind of sound operating mechanism to control, because the enterprise group involves the relation people of many kinds of interests, the scale is enormous, there are many administrative structures, management activity is complicated, so, the financial affairs of the enterprise group control and especially need complete controlling mechanism and policy

    有效的財務控制是一個系統工程。企業集團控制的有效施行，需要從事前、事中和事後三個方面進行全過程式控制制。事前控制主要是通過預算控制實現的，事中控制必須通過財務人員的控制來實現，而事後財務控制需要通過審計監督來實現。
  16. The formula of the maximum lateral deformation has been proposed for tie - back wall when the anchors are embedded in unmoving soils or in rocks. this work has enlarged the application field of the previous deformation formula. examples from engineering practice prove that the values calculated with above formulas can meet the need of the pit engineering

    將上面的變形計算公式做了推廣，提出了錨撐擋墻最大側向位移的預測公式（錨桿錨固不可移動的土層或巖石中） ，工程實例表明，利用該式預測的變形值可以滿足工程的需要。
  17. As a result, the studying aim of this paper is to establish a practical and complete system for the prediction of ship maneuvering motion, taking into account of the influence of the environmental factors, such as the wind, wave and current, establish a practical and complete system for the prediction of ship maneuvering motion. in this paper, the opengl virtual reality simulation technique is introduced into the field of ship maneuver and control, and using the mmg mathematical model, the three dimensional dynamic simulation system of the ship motion is established and good results are achieved. in the process of the system development, firstly, the maneuvering motion equations for ship in the still water are established, based on the mmg module mathematical model and serial experimental result

    在系統開發過程中，首先採用mmg分離式數學模型及相關的系列化試驗結果，建立單槳單舵海洋運輸船舶在靜水中的船舶操縱運動方程，並編制計算程序，經與試驗結果比較，證實了計算結果的正確性;為了解mmg數學模型中模型參數變化對操縱性指數的影響程度，作者在上述已有程序基礎上，對有關模型參數進行偏移修正，探討了相應參數變化后的操縱性指數，對船舶操縱性指數對模型參數的靈敏度進行了詳細的分析與探討，所得結論與工程實際相吻合，具有實際應用價值，並為進一步提高船舶操縱性預報的精度打下了基礎;然後，在已有的船舶靜水操縱運動模型基礎上，考慮雙槳雙舵的影響，建立了內河雙槳雙舵船舶的操縱運動模型;最後，綜合考慮風浪流作用力的影響，進行了船舶的操縱運動模擬計算。
  18. Currently, many problems are as follows : some people and engineers sometimes confuse or mistake so many conceptions and meanings of the price of construction product as to lead to troubles ; the cost of the construction product in the construction - auction - bid cannot be ascertained definitely ; the method of shop - drawing budget which is based on budget - ration cannot form effective market competition and market price of construction product. the management system of construction cost is not perfect

    目前建築產品價格及價格形成中存在以下問題：有關主管部門和少數工程人員有時混淆建築產品價格相關概念及其內涵，產生諸多誤解，以致造成工作上的摩擦；對建築工程招標投標中建築產品成本內涵界定不清晰；以預算定額為依據的施工圖預算方式難以形成有效的市場競爭以及形成建築產品的市場價格；當前未能形成完善的工程造價管理體制。
  19. For these purposes, we research on the budgeting modes which started by profit and cost emphatically, towards both of the budgeting modes, by using the theorys and methods of forecasting and variety cvp, and by using the models of standard cost compute and unit cost adjusting based on bom / bop, we table two kinds of budget targets forecasting and calculating method systems, and design two kinds of budgeting flow, various methods and models we mention above make sure that the two modes are rational. based on the research of the two budgeting modes, we table the evaluation method of budget result data rationality and then we analyse the excuting and controlling manner of compositive budget system, later we teble a compositive budget excuting and controlling model

    基於以上目的，重點研究了以利潤和成本為起點的預算編制模式，針對兩種不同的模式，結合預測和多品種量本利分析的相關理論和方法，並利用基於bom / bop的標準成本計算與單位成本調整模型，分別給出了兩套不同的預算指標測算方法體系，設計了以利潤預算和成本預算為起點的預算編制流程，以上所用到的各種方法和模型保證了兩種模式的合理性。在研究兩種預算模式的基礎上，提出了綜合預算結果的合理性評價方法，並分析了綜合預算的執行與控制機制問題，給出了綜合預算的執行與控制模型。
  20. The panel expressed concern about the reliability and objectivity of budget model projections, the implications of the review results on future government expenditure, the level of fiscal reserves and accumulated surplus in the exchange fund, as well as the cost of government spending being consistently increasing faster than the general price levels in the economy

    事務委員會關注到財政預算模式推算的可靠程度及客觀性檢討結果對日後政府開支的影響財政儲備及外匯基金累計盈餘的水平，以及政府開支成本的上升速度一直較本港經濟一般物價水平為快。
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