預算約束 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànyāoshù]
預算約束 英文
budget constraint
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  1. As a kind of endogenic phenomenon of progressive reform, the reasons of financial dilemma lie in financial preference of nationalization and soft budget restriction of state - owned enterprises, asymmetric information and the rate which is not decided by market transaction, and the actual ownership - discrimination of stock market and bond market

    作為漸進改革的一種內生現象，民營經濟的金融困境源於「國有化」金融偏好與國有企業預算軟約束，信息不對稱與利率非市場化，以及股票市場與債券市場事實上的「所有制」歧視。
  2. They are : reinforce government budget restriction ; consummate the system of public finance of education ; add the sources of income of public finance of education ; reform the means of education grants ; improve the administration of education expenditure

    主要包括：強化政府預算約束；完善教育財政體制；拓寬教育財政的收入來源；改進教育撥款方式；提高教育財政管理效率。
  3. Production quotas, budget constraints, etc. might restrict the variation of the variables.

    生產定額，預算約束等等可以限制變量的變化范圍。
  4. The ultimate reason is that sate - owned listed companies are none the less struck by sbc, and the state - owned banks do not realize commercialization. the ownership relation among " listed companies - - state - owned banks - - government " keeps unchanged

    其根本原因在於國有上市公司融資依然存在軟預算約束，我國國有銀行尚未真正實現商業化， 「上市公司? ?國有銀行? ?政府」之間依然保持著剪不斷理還亂的所屬關系。
  5. Soft budget constraints

    軟預算約束
  6. Then the author combines sbc with practice of chinese economic transition in order to analyze and discuss current problems in transition economy from three aspects in chapter 3

    然後在第3章中把軟預算約束與我國的經濟轉軌實踐結合起來，從三個方面分析、探討了轉軌經濟中存在的問題。
  7. It can be seen that the way that rebuilding the soe as the stock companies and then listing can not change the soe into real modern enterprise. sbc still exists in state - owned listed companies

    由此可見，通過股份制改造上市並沒有使國有企業成為真正的現代企業，國有上市公司仍然存在軟預算約束。
  8. On the other hand, according to the demonstration, listing the state - owned banks is not a smooth way, and after listing the state - owned banks will probably face the problem of sbc and bad assets

    其次，國有銀行上市並非坦途大道，國有銀行上市后仍可能面臨軟預算約束，不良資產問題仍可能困擾國有上市銀行。
  9. The sbc in the sectors of state - owned economy not only makes soe lack of competition promoting and be deficient, but also lead to a great number of non - performing bank loans, which may cause tremendous risk of finance crisis in the national economy

    國有經濟部門的軟預算約束不但使國有企業缺乏競爭激勵、效率低下，而且造成了大量的銀行不良資產，給國家經濟體系帶來巨大的金融危機風險。
  10. The author focuses on the optimization of economic transition in china from the view of soft budget constraint ( sbc ). firstly, the author introduces the origin, development of sbc and significance of research on it briefly in chapter 1 and introduces four representative theories of factor analysis of sbc systematically in chapter 2

    首先在第1章中簡要介紹了軟預算約束的起源、發展及研究軟預算約束的理論意義和實際意義，並在第2章中系統介紹了四種有代表性的軟預算約束成因分析理論。
  11. Consumers maximize satisfaction subject to budget constraints

    消費者服從預算約束，使他們的滿意度最大化， 。
  12. This studying draws a few conclusion : 1. fujian rural households consumption obviously is constrained by budget

    福建農村居民消費受到現期收入的預算約束。
  13. This indicates that the reform target of the performance enhancement will be partly achieved through the hard profit restriction

    該效果表明，國有銀行效率增進與競爭力提升目標，至少可以部分地通過硬化預算約束和利潤約束來解決。
  14. As the reform of soe, the key in commercial reform of national banks lies in innovating ownership and making their budget constraint hard

    與國有企業的改革一樣，國有銀行商業化改革的關鍵在於所有權改革，在於實現預算約束硬化。
  15. The key point for the governance role of debt is the hard budget constraint, that is to say firms who have loans must pay the principal and interests on time

    發揮債務治理作用的關鍵是「緊」的預算約束，也就是借款企業必須到期還本付息。
  16. Under the budget of the survival ability, reducing survival and breeding cost will be the economic selection for varied forms of animal marriage

    因此，在一定生存能力的預算約束下，動物在生存和繁育支出時決策的效用最大化，成為動物婚姻不同形式的經濟選擇。
  17. Moreover, since politicians are usually unwilling to tighten fiscal policy enough in a boom, any loosening of the budget reins tends to result in permanently higher debt

    此外，由於政府在繁榮時期通常不願意實行足夠力度的緊縮政策，一旦放鬆預算約束容易導致持續的高負債。
  18. In the third chapter, the writer analyses the positive effects of the interest rate marketization on business investment and financing in both direct and indirect financial markets. though marketization of the interest rate, the rate can genuinely function as adjustment but on the conditions of clarified property right of investors " ownership, hardening of budget restraint as well as improved financial market with powerful functions

    第三章分析了利率市場化對企業投資及企業間接融資和直接融資市場的影響，說明利率市場化后，利率能真正發揮調節作用，必須具備一定的條件，即投資主體產權明晰，預算約束硬化；同時，金融市場發展完善、功能強大。
  19. Practices of venture capital in china have shown : 1 ) venture capital industrial is lack of fund, fine system, preferential polices and laws, medium - organization and the capital market such as ipo ( initial public offering ) and the second - board share market where investors can sale the shares. that is to say, the development of venture capital industrial in china lacks of preferential macro - scope environment. so the unfit government behavior is the mam restrictive factor. 2 ) venture capital industrial is wholly controlled and practiced by the government, which is the main investor of venture capital organization, while there is not outstanding achievement both theory and practice have shown : venture capital industrial will not succeed if government is the main investor for a long time

    具體體現為： （ 1 ）相當多的風險投資機構運作困難，效益低下，大多數都違背了設立的初衷； （ 2 ）風險投資資金缺乏，來源單一，總量不足； （ 3 ）風險投資者的利益得不到保護，導致投資者積極性不高，加劇了風險資本的匱乏； （ 4 ）風險投資在投資、融資和實現回報等各個環節的障礙很多，無法實現良性循環，造成風險投資的成本和風險過高，收益偏低； （ 5 ）風險投資發展中政企不分，缺乏現代企業制度中的激勵機制和硬預算約束機制，投資成功率低。
  20. This present thesis studies the above - mentioned problems by analyzing the characteristics of financial behavioral of state - owned listed companies and measure the degree of soft budget constraint ( sbc )

    本文從國有上市公司融資行為的特徵這一角度出發，以預算約束的軟硬程度做標準，對這個問題進行深入剖析。
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