領會文件的精神 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǐngkuàiwénjiàndejīngshén]
領會文件的精神 英文
grasp the essence of a document
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (頸; 脖子) neck 2 (領子; 領口) collar; neckband 3 (大綱; 要點) outline; main point; ...
  • : 會構詞成分
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (字) character; script; writing 2 (文字) language 3 (文章) literary composition; wri...
  • : Ⅰ量詞(用於個體事物) piece; article; item Ⅱ名詞1. (指可以一一計算的事物) 2. (文件) letter; correspondence; paper; document
  • : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • : Ⅰ形容詞1 (經過提煉或挑選的) refined; picked; choice 2 (完美;最好) perfect; excellent 3 (細)...
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (神靈) god; deity; divinity 2 (精神; 精力) spirit; mind 3 (神氣; 神情) expression; l...
  • 領會 : understand; comprehend; grasp
  • 文件 : 1 (公文、信件等) document; file; papers; instrument 2 [自動化] file; 文件保護 file protection; ...
  • 精神 : 精神1 (指人的意識 思維活動和一般心理狀態) spirit; mind; consciousness 2 (宗旨; 主要意義) esse...
  1. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分不多,相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁學者較為突出,如西南政法大學副教授陳則博士,翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度代表人物,由於他們推動使得國內持此說人越來越多,但在《民事證據法(草案) 》擬定過程中,並未采責任倒置地位,這樣立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現本土環境客觀認識基礎上科學選擇,誠然,舉證責任分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中敗訴風險,而「倒置」規則設計,則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴籌碼,在理解何為舉證責任倒置時,本著重以民事法為主線,指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告證明責任,而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔,舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現具體情形有所差異,但它們內在是一致?法律理性與社公平價值,在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置情形,一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形,而忽略了民事合同違約責任訴訟中原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任所有要,對被告主觀上過錯實行推定,若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯證據舉證,在設置舉證責任倒置規則時,從各國立法經驗與法內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則,公平原則,訴訟經濟原則,保護弱者原則等,基於此完善舉證責任倒置規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置概念,其次立法應避免求大求全,再次要配合實體法發展,最後還可以在司法域嘗試判例指導意義。
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