頸革 的英文怎麼說

The traditional inconsequential exam mode, as the bottleneck factor of restriction of teaching reform, has come out

摘要傳統的不合理的考試模式，作為制約教學改革的瓶頸因素逐漸凸現出來。

In economics, the higher school logistics socialization is to put the higher school rear service into the socialist market economy system, socialize the service body, changing self - service into social service through further reform ; commercialize the service fruits, changing service without teward into one with reward ; market the service ways, changing the direct service into indirect one, to thoroughly changethe condition that higher school ran society under the planned economy, overwhelm the bottle neck of higher school development, and create conditions for our country ' s higher education to be better suited to our rapid development

摘要從經濟學的角度來分析，高校後勤社會化就是將高校後勤服務納人社會主義市場經濟體系，通過深化改革逐步實現服務主體社會化，變自我服務為社會服務；服務成果商品化，變無償服務為等價有償服務；服務方式市場化，變直接服務為間接服務，從根本上改變計劃經濟條件下形成的「高校辦社會」的狀況，克服高校發展的體制「瓶頸」 ，為高等教育更好地適應我國快速發展的社會經濟創造條件。

To eliminate them and create a beneficial system environment for technology innovation, measures have to be taken into consideration to promote the reform of ownership system and establish the motivation mechanism of technology innovation ; to perfect the system of venture investment to reform the system of science and technology management and build up the integrated technology innovation system of industrial organization ; deepen the reform of income distribution system

要有效化解和消除這些瓶頸，為企業技術創新營造優良的體制環境，需要採取推進企業產權制度改革，建立企業技術創新的動力機制；完善風險投資體制，加大對企業技術創新的資金投入；改革科技管理體制，構建產學研一體化的技術創新體系；深化收入分配體制改革，激發技術創新團隊的創新動機等解決對策。

Having analyzed the developing state of cultural relic and museum career of wuhan, we found there is many things unfitted the situation. so we must reform and bring forth new ideas to opinion management and service in order to fit in with the consumption escalation, therefore we can improve the status and the image of wuhan as a large central city constantly

從武漢市文博事業的發展現狀情況分析，還有諸多不適應形勢發展的瓶頸，必須通過深化改革、實施觀念創新、管理創新、服務創新，適應人們消費檔次的升級，不斷提升武漢市特大城市品位和形象。

The science and technology of our country makes a great achievement ， but the problem of science and technology isolating from economy have n ' t been solved fundamentally, the degree of high - tech industry is still low. the main restrict factor in developing high - tech industry is a scarcity of funds, so it has great meaning to study financial support system of high - tech industry

改革開放以來，我國的科技事業取得了舉世矚目的巨大成就，但科技與經濟脫節的問題還沒有從根本上得到解決，高新技術產業化程度低，其中突出的問題是高新技術產業發展過程的資金瓶頸。

In 1998, this condition of " " non - management " has been over because of the establishment of sda, and our pharmacy circulation order has been better. but pharmaceutical commerce enterprises are still in slump, which has been the obstacle of high - speed development of pharmacy economy, because our market are in the process of the reform of socialist market economy system and the relationship of different factors has n ' t been coordinated once and for all

1998年，國家藥品監督管理局成立后，才結束了這種「管理者缺位」狀態，我國的醫藥流通秩序逐漸好轉，但是，由於我國正處于社會主義市場經濟體制改革過程中，各項改革政策的出臺並不同步，各方面的關系沒有從根本上理順，醫藥商業企業仍然處于不景氣狀況，已經成為醫藥經濟快速發展的「瓶頸」 。

Between the continuously thorough development and international domestic enterprise of socialist market economy competition aggravate, the state - owned enterprise of china must meet the development of times, carry out enterprise carefully in develop strategy for a long period plan, deepen reform and developing innovation, form the key competition ability of self step by step, and the present situation of financial management and accounting information system can not satisfy this requirement obviously, since artificial factor and system run the reason of mechanism and means, causes plenty of false accounting informations, is serious to affect decision quality, has become the bottleneck of the work of business management

隨著社會主義市場經濟不斷深入發展和國際國內企業間競爭的加劇，中國的國有企業必須適應時代的發展，認真進行企業中長期發展戰略的籌劃，深化改革，開拓創新，逐步形成自身的核心競爭力，而財務管理和會計信息系統的現狀顯然不能滿足這一要求，由於人為因素、系統運行機制和手段的原因，造成大量的虛假會計信息，嚴重影響決策質量，已成為企業管理工作的瓶頸。

The 11th five - year programme endorsed by the recent plenary session of the national people s congress in march catches the world s attention by its clear - cut message : china decides to change its economic development from extensive growth to intensive growth

然而令人深思的是：改革開放以來，增長稍一加速，不要多久就會因為資源瓶頸收緊通脹壓力增加而不得不減速調整的情況已經發生過多次，以後還會不會再次發生？

The characteristic of this essay is the combination of theoretical analysis and case analysis, and combination of macroscopic analysis and microcosmic phenomenon analysis. consequently, it can find out the " bottleneck " problem from the complicated managing problems of the enterprise, then advances the general concept of the state - owned foreign - trade enterprises " reform, and make a demonstration analysis combining with a practical application case

本文的特點是理論分析和案例分析相結合、宏觀總體分析和微觀現象分析相結合，從而能夠從紛繁復雜的企業實際經營管理問題中找出「瓶頸」問題，進而提出對我國國有外貿企業體制改革的總體思路。

The way and content of this thesis are as followed : ( 1 ) based on briefly describing the company present condition and problems of management with analysis of such question, this thesis pointes out that putting crm into practice is an effective measure to resolve manage bottleneck, then research its feasibility and definite its line degree in the practice ; ( 2 ) analyze the importance of ex - period preparing work to put crm into practice ; ( 3 ) adjust the company ' s business enterprise culture to replace and recreate the reforming atmosphere to guarantee such work in a low cost with smoothly progress ; ( 4 ) analyze the buildup construction of the company and the business process, aim at the unreasonable construction to proceeds with business process to give a new life, especially at changing the company organization construction with the business process re - engineering ( bpr ) ; ( 5 ) apply the theory of customer letting the worth and the method of customer ' s pyramid divide into section, collect the customer ' s data with the t echnique of american broadcast company to customer data analysis with categorize, provide knowledge to be used by the leaders and help them make the correct decision ; ( 6 ) according to the knowledge of data refined, application wooden pail theories with leaking a theories, aiming at the weak link of company management, make out the concrete strategy to increase the customer ' s satisfaction and loyalty

本文研究的思路和內容是： （ 1 ）簡述公司經營管理現狀，以公司經營和管理現狀為研究基礎，解析出實施客戶關系管理是解決管理瓶頸的突破口和切入點，然後對公司實施客戶關系管理的可行性加以研究和論證，明確了實施可行度； （ 2 ）解析實施客戶關系管理前期準備工作的重要性，明確高層領導參與和支持的必要性，建立實施項目管理組，並作好實施規劃工作； （ 3 ）調整公司的企業文化，為組織變革創造改革氛圍，以保證實施的低成本和順利進行； （ 4 ）分析公司的組織結構和業務流程，針對不合理結構和業務流程進行再造，重點是運用業務流程再造理論改變公司組織結構和業務流程； （ 5 ）運用客戶讓渡價值理論原理收集客戶資料，運用客戶金字塔和abc分類法對客戶資料分析和歸類，運用客戶管理信息系統，利用數據庫技術和數據挖掘技術對客戶資料進行科學分析和歸納，提煉成供決策領導層使用並能做出正確決策的知識； （ 6 ）根據所提煉出的知識，運用木桶理論和漏桶理論，針對公司管理薄弱環節分析公司應該採取的客戶維系策略，制定適合公司發展的以提高客戶滿意度和忠誠度為目的的具體策略。

As these reforms will create network bottleneck issue, the government should make effective access regulation policies

但網路產業的改革必然凸現網路瓶頸，這要求政府制定與實施有效的接入管制政策。

This thesis, which begins with the bottleneck of construction cost management reformation, dissects the direction and object of the construction cost management reformation in liaohe oil field, it offers an in - depth analysis of that we ought to establish the valuation model according to international usage and market economy

本文從分析闡述工程造價管理改革是建設市場改革的瓶頸和切入點入手，剖析了遼河油田工程造價管理改革的方向和目標，深入論述了遼河油田工程造價管理應以市場為取向，建立符合國際慣例和市場規律的計價模式。

In china ' s reform and opening - up process, the heavy debts have become a serious restriction for state - owned enterprises development and reform

在改革開放的進程中，過度負債已成為制約國有企業發展和改革的重要瓶頸。

Breaking moral bottleneck in administrative system reform

突破行政體制改革的道德瓶頸

Including : administrant system, ideology and assuring system. chapter 3 studies the counter - measure for solving the difficulty and problem. the thesis advances the following advices and counter - measure, such as to rule power scope of department, expense service, strengthen country work and improve the soft surrounding

為此，筆者提出了以下對策和建議：深化改革，規范部門職權范圍；強化服務，提高服務水平；強化管理，努力控費增稅；突出重點，切實加強農村工作；消除盲點，切實加強社會治安管理；消除瓶頸，積極改善軟環境等六條建議和對策。

As the financial system reformation goes more further, the ccbs have no systematic advantages any more, meanwhile, the disadvantages like small - sized, weak bases, lack of capital and complex competition ability, especial the profit ability has became more and more obvious. according to the statistics offered by the china banking regulatory commission ( cbrc ), by the end of 2004. 11, the total assets of all the ccbs in china is 1. 9 trillion, and the equity is 693 billion. according to the five - category classification, the balance of non - performing loans ( npl ) is 9. 7 %, and the average capital adequacy ratio is 2. 7 %, while the average total assets is less than 0. 1 %, which is only 1 / 12 of american average level

我國中小商業銀行的主力軍? ?城市商業銀行風風雨雨近十年，在過去的十年中，初步化解了多年積累的風險、在地方經濟發展中發揮了重要的作用;隨著金融體制改革的全面深化，城市商業銀行的體制、機制優勢逐漸與競爭對手同質化，規模小、底子薄、資本實力弱、綜合競爭能力差尤其是贏利能力弱的劣勢日益凸現，據銀行業監督管理委員會的統計，截止2005年11月，全國城市商業銀行資產總額為1 . 9萬億、所有權權益693億、按照貸款五級分類，不良貸款余額為1027億、平均不良貸款率為9 . 7 % 、平均資本充足率為2 . 7 % ，其中平均的總資產收益率不到0 . 1 %是美國平均水平的1 / 12 ，就是跟印度、馬來西亞等發展中國家比差距也不小，中小商業銀行的財務問題逐漸成為了其進一步發展的瓶頸，財務風險凸現，潛在的財務危機也日益加大。

However, with the further reform of census register, land, the carrier of human activities, is in a key position for the development of small - towns and becomes the " bottleneck " restriction of the development of small - towns

然而土地是人類各項活動的載體，土地利用在小城鎮發展中占據著非常重要的地位，特別是近幾年隨著小城鎮戶籍改革的深入，制約小城鎮發展的戶籍障礙逐漸得以消除，而使土地問題日益凸顯，成為了阻礙小城鎮發展的主要瓶頸。

The rural urbanization with town development is one of the most urbanization ways in china and the land allocation plays very important roles in process of rural urbanization. however, the imperfection of land allocation mechanism has been the main obstacle for rural urbanization

土地配置在小城鎮發展中占據著非常重要的地位，特別是近幾年來隨著小城鎮戶籍改革的深入，制約小城鎮發展的戶籍障礙逐漸得以消除，而使土地問題日益凸顯，成為了阻礙小城鎮發展的主要瓶頸。

With the organizational reform in colleges and universities under way, the personnel system in colleges and universities has become an ever - increasingly critical bottleneck that is preventing further development, therefore, a breakthrough or a thorough reform in this aspect is urgent

隨著高校機構改革的進行，高校人事制度改革已日漸成為制約高校進一步發展的瓶頸，必須進行具有突破性的，甚至可以說是徹底的改革。

By analyzing and comparing with the comprise, pricing base pricing mode and reform course of the construction price of building and installation project both home and abroad, using the theory and method of the construction cost and market economy, this paper analyzes and dissertates how to confirm the construction cost on the planned economy period, the planned economy transiting to market economy period economy transiting to market economy period and the market economy period, and besides, proposes that it is the most reasonable method that determination of the construction cost should be market - oriented ; " controlling amount, loss up price, offering by enterprise ' s own and formed by market finally " is the best pricing mode for confirming the market - oriented construction cost, however, biding by electing the reasonable low - price to win the bid is the most effective means for realizing the pricing mode of market economy

工程造價管理的改革是我國建設市場改革的瓶頸和切入點。建立市場經濟的計價模式，合理確定工程造價是工程造價管理改革的目標。本文通過對國內外建安工程造價的構成、計價依據、計價模式及其改革過程的比較分析，運用工程造價及市場經濟的理論和方法，對計劃經濟時期、計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡期、市場經濟時期如何合理確定工程造價進行了研究論述，提出了工程造價的確定實行市場化是最合理的方法， 「控制量，放開價，企業自主報價，最終由市場形成工程造價」是工程造價確定市場化的最佳計價模式，而推行合理低價中標法招標是實現市場經濟計價模式最有效的手段。