額定需量 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [édìngxūliáng]
額定需量
英文
rated demand-
Macro - economic condition : gray forecast method and econometrics models are used in studying the relationship between macro - economic condition and the demand of auto car. the relationship of the demand to per capita gdp, annual per capita disposable income of urban residences, balance of savings deposit of rural and urban residents is studied quantitatively. the article proves that the three factors listed above have linear relationship with auto car demand
在宏觀經濟環境方面，運用灰色預測的方法和經濟計量模型對人均gdp 、人均可支配收入、居民年底儲蓄余額與轎車需求量的關系進行了定量研究，說明這三個因素與轎車需求之間存在著線性關系並且相關程度很高，其中居民年底儲蓄余額對轎車需求增長的促進作用最大。In this case, the bonds were not necessarily representative of any real assets, but the government ' s promise to pay interest and eventually repay the capital sum involved were backed by taxable capacity of the whole community, and, measured by the total amount of money which changes hands, the value of transactions in “ gilt - edged ” stocks now exceeds all the rest put together
既然這樣，不動資產便不一定需要公債作為充要條件.但是政府兌現支付利息的承諾和他們最終是否能償還本金的問題，最後還是要回到整個社會的賦稅能力這個問題上.另外，以成功轉手交易的金額來衡量，政府發行的金邊股票（國債）的價值如今也遠遠超出其他所有證券的總和Passengers can save a huge amount of expense by shipping excess luggage using the unaccompanied baggage service
旅客只需把超額行李經后寄行李服務寄運，送往指定的主要國際機場，即可節省大量金錢。Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1
故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。At the point of analyzing the coal transport market, transport means, and the main coal ports, the author specified the market competition which qinhuangdao port faced. based on the whole descriptions of coal transport demands and consumes, we introduced the model of goods distribution and made some analysis about some main coal ports. and through analyzing those aspects we got a whole evaluation of the qinhuangdao port and brought out some realizable measures to the future development, such as : applying the theory of market subdividing, keeping the market share and dealing the consignees " join and developing the straight transport, setting up the center of coal gathering and distributing and dealing, intensifying the management of company, improving the port synthetical ability, fasting the construction of port basic facilities and work the coal transport well
作者以分析煤炭運輸市場、運輸方式和主要的煤炭運輸港口為著眼點，具體分析了秦皇島港所面臨的市場競爭形勢；通過對煤炭產地和消費地分佈的描述，介紹了煤炭運輸需求和消費的總體概況；並引入物資調運模型對主要港口之間的煤炭運量分配進行了簡單的定量分析；綜合以上分析，對秦皇島港的現狀作出整體評價，提出了切實可行的未來發展對策，即：應用市場細分理論；保住市場分額，做好貨主銜接，發展直達運輸；建立煤炭集散交易中心；強化企業管理，提高港口綜合能力；加快港口基礎設施建設，搞好煤炭運輸生產經營等。Hence fluctuation of production value was recognized as the key of the evolve of industrial structure. in very long time, and the industry will be placed in the period in consumer sovereignty market, in this period, production value is decided by some market factors, such as consumer favoritism coefficient of the product, and the share of the sum essential expenditure in the citizen ' s total income
從長遠的角度來看，大多數部門終將處于消費者主權的時期，所以產值主要由消費者偏好、該產業的必須消費額占收入比重等市場需求因素決定。在短期和一般長期內，消費者偏好，和該產業必須消費額占收入比重可以認為是恆量，則此時，產值的變動主要取決于要素的邊際生產力的變化。First each of the eight factors, i. e., per capita water resource available, per capita water requirement quantity, environmental water use rate, utilization rate of water resource, industrial water requirement quantity per 10, 000 industrial product value, water requirement module, regional irrigation rate was analyzed. then the water resource capacity in hejin city was evaluated by applying the fuzzy comprehensive estimation
選取了人均水資源可利用量，人均供水量，生態需水率，水資源利用率，萬元工業產值需水量，需水模數，生活需水定額，耕地灌溉率等8個評價因素，利用模糊綜合評判模型對其水資源承載能力進行了評價研究，並提出了河津市水資源安全對策。Commodity house opens to booking need to have the following requirement : ( one ) open to booking a person to already obtained estate to develop intelligence letter, business charter ; ( 2 ) concern gold of sell one ' s own things of access of formulary consign land according to land management department, already obtained land access letter ; ( 3 ) licence of program of hold construction project and permit of construction project construction, already dealt with construction project quality and safety to control procedures ; ( 4 ) schedule of affirmatory already construction and complete consign use time ; ( 5 ) 7 achieve main body project below to seal a top ; 7 with what go up, the 2 / 3 above number of plies that main body project must build engineering budget to invest amount ; ( 6 ) already opened commodity house to open to booking a special account in project seat commercial bank ; ( 7 ) the other condition that law, code sets
商品房預售需具備以下條件： （一）預售人已取得房地產開發資質證書、營業執照； （二）按照土地治理部門有關規定交付土地使用權出讓金，已取得土地使用權證書； （三）持有建設工程規劃許可證和建設工程施工許可證，並已辦理建設工程質量和安全監督手續； （四）已確定施工進度和竣工交付使用時間； （五）七層以下的達到主體工程封頂；七層以上的，主體工程須建到工程預算投資總額的三分之二以上層數； （六）已在項目所在地商業銀行開設商品房預售款專用賬戶； （七）法律、法規規定的其他條件。The centrifugal pump for oilfield waterflooding and oil transfer worked with low pump efficiency owing to unstable load and its energy loss is fairly large
油田注水集輸系統離心泵由於載荷經常變化，大多不能在其額定工況點工作，泵效低，且需要用泵出口閥調節流量，產生一定的泵管壓差，造成較大的能量損失。The author considers as follows : ( 1 ) we should understand how to define the price of architecture products the cost of engineering and the price of engineering, we should compare the connotations of plan price, float price and market price, we should clarify how engineering cost and architecture installation engineering cost are formed and what is the difference between balance price and final accounts price ; ( 2 ) through analyzing and comparing the account bases and composing contents of enterprise individual production cost and social average production cost, analyzing from the design mechanism ' s function of auction and bid and the purpose of actualizing auction and bid, we can confirm that the foundation that the titles are weeded when judged is enterprise individual production cost, not social average production cost ; ( 3 ) the author considers there is diverge between shop drawing budget based on ration and auction and bid, carrying out bill quantity of construction works can advance the formation of cons truction - product market price, also is the outset and integrant route to close international, but though code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works has a lot of advantage to advance the form of architecture market price, we also see it has lack and it should be amended
針對以上問題，筆者認為：應該了解建築產品價格與工程造價、工程價格是如何界定的、比較建築產品的計劃價格、浮動價格與市場價格的含義，搞清楚工程造價的構成和建築安裝工程費用的構成以及竣工結算價格與決算價格的區別；通過分析、比較建築產品的「社會平均生產成本」和「企業個別生產成本」的計算依據和構成內容，從招標投標的設計機制的功能和實施招投標的目的來分析，確認在評標中剔除低於成本價標書的依據是投標企業的個別生產成本，而不是社會平均生產成本；筆者認為以定額為計價依據的施工圖預算方法與招標投標之間存在悖論，工程量清單計價的推行是對建築產品市場價格形成改革的推進，也是建築產品價格形成方式與國際接軌的開端與必經之路，但是也必須認識到雖然《建設工程工程量清單計價規范》具有推進建築市場價格形成的諸多優勢，但仍存在不足與需要完善的地方。First of all, i summarize the forecast model category and estimate each model in detail, then, i adopt different model to forecast demand, supply, bdi of bulk shipping market. as to demand forecast, i mainly focus on the imitating precision of primitive data, adopt grey forecast model, self - suited filter model separately, and then compose these models as a better one. as to supply forecast, i use econometrics model to describe the complicated relationship of demand, supply, bdi, gnp etc. as to bdi, i try to draw into market integrated factor, describe the relationship of bdi, supply, capacity, speed, rate of oil, navigating capital etc. then finally, i make afterwards evaluation of these models and then analyze future bulk shipping market in detail
對于需求預測，著重考慮對原始數據的擬合精度，經過模型比較優選論證，分別採用了灰色一階模型，改進的灰色二階、自適應過濾預測的加權組合模型，得到了相當高的擬合精度；對于供給預測，運用計量經濟模型對供給、需求、運價、 gnp 、進出口貿易額等多變量之間復雜的相互關系進行動態模擬，定量的反映出各變量之間的因果關系；對于運價預測，嘗試引入市場綜合因數概念，化繁為簡，通過描述運價與運力供給、載重噸、油耗、航速、燃油價格、航行成本等等諸多因素的關系來進行預測。With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。In order to maximize their interests, the p owers of the demander and supplier will reach equilibrium and the price of trade policies, such as tariff rate and other non - tariff trade barriers will be cleared in the political market, which determine the pattern and extent of trade protection
各種利益集團和政策制定者出於個人利益最大化的考慮，必然產生符合自身利益的貿易政策需求和供給，而貿易保護政策的價格，例如關稅稅率、非關稅壁壘（例如配額、許可證的數量等）則在政治市場上出清，從而決定了貿易保護政策選擇的形式和程度。Main results are generalized as follows : in dry year, coupling fitness of water requirement to rainfall reaches 90 % for sorghum and spring millet during crop ' s growth and reproductive season in shunyi county, while 85 % for peanut and soybean, 70 % for spring com and cotton, 65 % for alfalfa, and 55 % for cropping pattern of rice followed by wheat
主要結論包括： 1 ）順義區乾旱年型下，高粱和春谷全生育期需水與降水的耦合度達到90 ；花生和春大豆其次，達到85 ；春玉米和棉花為70 ；苜蓿65 ；水稻和冬小麥?夏作物組合耦合度只有55 。需水量和灌溉定額則與耦合度大小相反。In this passage, author has studied the quota of irrigation that can make water used economically for various plants, if the irrigation quota can be lowered from 6795 m3 / a to 4500 m3 / a during the processes of irrigation, there will be a saving water amount of 3. 386million m3 / a, in shiyang river basin. there is no doubt that we can open the second source of river water that can provide the possibility of transporting 300 million m3 / a water amount to lower reaches of the river. in this paper, there are some analysis and prospects for the future situation of supply and demand of water resources in 2010
民勤水資源減少的主要原因是人為因素，如全流域人口增加、中上游耕地面積擴大，用水量增加，造成灌區重心上移；沒有樹立可持續發展觀，在經濟中搞短期行為；對石羊河流入民勤水量不斷減少、地表水、地下水轉化活躍、生態用水問題突出等方面進行了分析論證；對目前開發利用現狀、供需狀況進行了較為詳細的計算和評價；通過對各種農作物節水灌溉定額的研究，若從現狀灌溉定額6795m ~ 3 ha降低到4500m ~ 3 ha實施灌溉，石羊河流域將節水3 . 3867億m ~ 3 ，這無疑于開辟了第二水源，提供了向下游調水3億m ~ 3的可能性。Through the analysis on the relationship and variable tendency between the present population situation, main index of economic development and the amount of water consumption, the quota of water consumption, meanwhile, synthetically considering about the variation of influential factor such as water resources condition in future, economic and social development, science and technical progress, the efficiency of water consumption and the level of water conservation, etc, the relationship between the above - mentioned synthetical influential factors and the index of water demand amount is established and the variation of growth rate of water demand in future and the variation breadth of other indices such as water consumption per capita and water consumption unit value of output are confirmed
摘要通過對現狀人口、主要經濟發展指標與用水量、用水定額的關系及其變化趨勢的分析，在綜合考慮未來水資源條件、社會經濟發展、科技進步以及用水效率、節水水平等影響因素變動條件下，建立綜合影響因素與需水量指標的關系，確定未來需水量增長率的變化及人均用水量、單位產值用水量等指標的變動幅度。In accordance with their needs of promoting cleaner production, these governments may publish a list of the names of heavily - polluting enterprises in local primary media based on the pollution discharge conditions of such enterprises, where the pollutants discharged exceed the standards or the total volume of pollutants exceeds regulatory limits, in order to provide the public with a basis for policing enterprise implementation of cleaner production
可以按照促進清潔生產的需要，根據企業污染物的排放情況，在當地主要媒體上定期公布污染物超標排放或者污染物排放總量超過規定限額的污染嚴重企業的名單，為公眾監督企業實施清潔生產提供依據。The research paper is based on the the latest softwares of the managing inventory, its research subject is about simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity by statisticing the probability of the random require quantity. its purpose is to provide the relied basement for determining the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity, the deterring policy quality will be raised, so the damage caused by unfit inventory quantity and the benefit of the entrerpreneur will be raised. the research method is by building the inventory management information system, the system includes automated management of parts entering and going out the datasbase. requesting the records of parts entering and going out the datasbase and displaying the sygonal when the inventory quantity is short out. computer calculating the fix period remaining, requesting remaining at any time and displaying if goods need ordering, all the partsof certain a product going out of basement and at the same time checking if the storaging quantity is enough. then simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity simulating method is as follows : statisticing the random required quantity. calculating the probability, standing for the values with data range producing random data by function accordingly calculating the random required quantity. thenext step is simulating all the projects after pressing in the simulating conditions. finally selecting the best
本文通過分析國內外關于庫存管理軟體的發展情況，提出在線統計貨物出庫情況的基礎上利用模擬方法確定最優存儲方案，其目的是為制定合理的貨物安全庫存量和訂貨量提供可靠的依據，提高企業管理人員的決策質量，從而減小資金的佔用和缺貨損失，提高企業的經濟效益。通過研製庫存管理信息系統使庫存信息管理自動化，也就是實現貨物入出庫管理計算機管理、自動查詢貨物入出庫情況並在缺貨時給予提示、使用計算機貨物余額定期結算、貨物余額實時查詢並顯示是否需要訂貨、裝配出庫管理使得只要輸入需要裝配產品代號和數量，組成它的所有零件就會自動檢庫和出庫。然後對安全庫存量和訂貨量進行模擬，模擬方法是首先自動統計貨物在過去某一段時間內的需求量，計算出概率，用隨機數的范圍表示其概率數值的大小，利用隨機函數產生隨機數、從而間接的產生隨機需求量，給定模擬天數和其他模擬條件模擬各種方案，從眾多的存儲方案中找出最優存儲方案。Under different load, when we apply this software to any time, region and cooling way, we can get the hottest spot increment and aging rating. to manufactory, the software means sounder thermal design, which will meet the load, putted forward by user, while to user, the software equal to a master who can help them decide the capacity rating of the transformer, which will fit the load. by using the software, the potential danger and the waste, caused by unfit load choice may be avoided
研究開發了計算乾式電力變壓器負載能力的計算軟體，可對于各種絕緣結構，各種冷卻方式和任一地區、任一時間下運行的變壓器在不同運行載荷下的最熱點溫升絕緣老化率進行分析和計算，同時利用該軟體製造廠可以依據用戶提出的運行負載量給出相應的熱設計方案，用戶可根據運行負載情況利用軟體計算所需變壓器的額定容量，避免額定容量選擇不當造成隱患和浪費。This thesis confirms the size of the logistics delivery truck fleet to satisfy the client delivery demanding. it also needs to satisfy the additional requirement brought by the reasonable fluctuation of the customers " demanding, and ensure the profit of the truck fleet maximum. the thesis sufficient considered the management speciality of the delivery truck fleet, and reasonably selects the target of evaluating delivery team to validate the feasibility of the delivery truck fleet design model
本文站在供應鏈整體的角度，從實際出發，確定配送車隊的運輸規模，使它不僅要滿足客戶配送需求，留有適當富餘量以滿足用戶需求合理波動所產生的額外需求，還要盡量降低運輸車隊運營成本，確保運輸車隊利潤最大，並充分考慮配送運輸車隊的經營特性，合理選擇評價配送車隊營運狀況的指標，對車隊規劃模型結果進行定性和定量的分析。分享友人