類別推定 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lèibiétuīdìng]
類別推定 英文
class presumption
  • 類 : Ⅰ名1 （許多相似或相同的事物的綜合; 種類） class; category; kind; type 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞...
  • 別 : 別動詞[方言] （改變） change （sb. 's opinion）
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 類別 : classification; category; genre; family; tier
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. Different equations to corresponding components are presented by analysing and transformating the general equations of fluid routes, then static characteristics mathematical model of liquid propellant space propulsion system is presented. based on the data of static characteristics calculation, mass model of thruster, propellant, propellant tank, gas, gas bottle, pipe and valve is presented using both the method of statistical regression and the method of stress analysis, then corresponding mass model is presented. based on the characteristics of liquid propellant space propulsion systems, analyse the five phases ( concept and definition, design and improvement, manufactureing and arrangement, operation and ma intenance, disposal ) in which life cycle cost of liquid propellant space propulsion systems is cost separately, then discompsed structure of life cycle cost and model of life cycle cost are presented

    將組件分成氣路組件和液路組件，再對氣路組件和液路組件進行相應的分類，然後通過對通用流路方程進行分析和變換對不同類型的組件分別建立不同的方程，從而建立了一個適用於液體推進劑空間推進系統的靜態數學模型；根據靜態計算所得到的數據，應用統計回歸法和應力分析法分別建立推力室、推進劑、推進劑貯箱、氣體、氣瓶以及導管和活門等的質量模型，從而建立相應的質量模型；結合液體推進劑空間推進系統特點，對液體推進劑空間推進系統全壽命周期費用發生的五個階段（概念和定義、設計和改進、製造和安裝、運行和維修、處理）分別進行分析，建立了液體推進劑空間推進系統全壽命周期費用分解結構和全壽命周期費用模型。
  2. The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

    在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。
  3. Although got the advantages in variety, price and management, the smes still face the lots of obstacles and challenges of hard internal competition, limit of trade and financial system, the lack of support of service system, all the above questions result in the large social burden on smes. on the other hand, the smes have shortcomings in concept, technique, management and etc, thus lead to low labor productivity, lack of information and blindness in management. the smes needs to pay attention to the recognition and application of the market opportunities in order to push the development

    為了推動中小企業的不斷成長和發展，本文介紹了市場機會的含義類別和特徵，闡明了對市場機會的有效識別的意義，並且集中探討了中小企業要在一定的原則基礎上，積極利用自身能力收集市場信息，針對現存市場機會，應用供需缺口尋找法，市場細分尋找法，產品缺陷尋找法和借鑒競爭對手尋找法來識別;針對需要創造的市場機會，主要應用市場趨勢法、社會潮流法、科學技術法、營銷手段法來發掘更有利於企業發展的市場機會。
  4. Chinese name of diseases, english name of diseases, chinese pinyin, synonyms, disease classification code by western medicine, disease classification code by tcm, disease name definition by western medicine, disease name definition by tcm, western medicine etiology, tcm etiology, season, area, attacked people, pathogenicity and spreading, morbidity, pathogenesis, pathology, pathological physiopathology, tcm pathogenesis, tcm diagnostic standard, tcm diagnosis, diagnostic standard by western medicine, diagnostic foundation of western medicine, medical history, symptoms, physical signs, physical examination, electronic diagnosis, image diagnosis, laboratorial diagnosis, blood, urine, stool, cerebrospinal fluid, other diagnosis, immunology, histological exam, diagnostic identification by western medicine, diagnostic identification by tcm, evaluating standard of curative effect, prognosis, complications, western medicine therapy, treatment of tcm, chinese herbal medicine therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, integrated therapy of western medicine and tcm, nursing, rehabilitation, prevention, and textual research

    疾病名稱、疾病名稱（英文） 、拼音、別名、西醫疾病分類代碼、中醫疾病分類代碼、西醫病名定義、中醫釋名、西醫病因、中醫病因、季節、地區、人群、強度與傳播、發病率、發病機理、病理、病理生理、中醫病機、中醫診斷標準、中醫診斷、西醫診斷標準、西醫診斷依據、發病、病史、癥狀、體征、體檢、電診斷、影像診斷、實驗室診斷、血液、尿、糞便、腦脊液、其他診斷、免疫學、組織學檢驗、西醫鑒別診斷、中醫類證鑒別、療效評定標準、預后、並發癥、西醫治療、中醫治療、中藥、針灸、推拿按摩、中西醫結合治療、護理、康復、預防、歷史考證。
  5. The investment of commercial real estate development has real option characteristics, because the real option method can properly deal with uncertainty, irreversibility and flexibility. in this part, the author construct a framework for analyzing the real options of commercial real estate investment decision, and analyzes the real options of commercial real estate investment decision from confirming the problem solved, analyzing the uncertain source, distinguishing the key uncertain factor, discerning the type of real options, constructing the real options option model, calculating the value of the commercial real estate, checking the result of calculation and redesigning, finds that the commercial real estate development has postpone option, expansion option, shrink option, change option, give up option. it proves that the commercial real estate has management flexibility in the development item, and the flexibility give

    由於實物期權方法可以很好地解決不確定性、不可逆性和靈活性，因而商業地產投資決策具有實物期權特性，同時從確定要解決的問題、分析不確定性的來源、鑒別關鍵的不確定性因素、識別實物期權類型、構建期權定價模型、計算項目價值、檢查計算結果和重新設計八個方面，構建了商業地產投資決策的實物期權分析框架，得出商業地產開發項目中通常存在推遲期權、擴張期權、收縮期權、轉換期權、放棄期權等期權類型，說明商業地產開發項目中具有管理和經營柔性，而這種柔性賦予了商業地產開發項目實物期權的特性。
  6. Data inputting and graphinputting module respectively achieve data inputting of first system and electric firstwiring diagram inputting ; secondary scheme design module realizes scheme design ofsecondary loops including control, protection, signal, measure, automotive equipment, operation electrical source and electrical source for substation and power distributionstation, using rule - cased reasoning of expert system ; protective relaying settingcalculation module realizes setting calculation for first equipments which aretransformers, circuitries, capacitors, and electromotors ; secondary equipmentselection module realizes type selection of secondary microcomputer integratedequipments ; graph making out module realizes secondary drawings making outautomatically representing design production using case - cased reasoning of expertsystem and the drawings can be edited and modified under the secondary developedautocad environment

    數據輸入和圖形輸入模塊分別完成一次系統資料錄入和電氣主接線圖的輸入;二次方案設計模塊利用專家系統基於規則的推理實現變配電所各二次迴路的方案設計，包括控制、保護、信號、測量、自動裝置、操作電源和所用電源;繼電保護整定計算模塊實現主設備的整定計算，包括變壓器、線路、電容器和電動機;二次設備選型模塊實現二次微機成套裝置的型號選擇;圖形生成模塊利用專家系統基於實例的推理實現代表設計成果的各類二次圖紙的自動生成，生成的圖紙可以在二次開發的autocad環境下進行編輯和修改。
  7. The reasoning of structured model : how to transfer structured model into mathematical model that can be solved by an arithmetic system ; the determination of the most appropriate target case includes two steps : the first is wide retrieval, and the second is extract retrieval that is a method driven by adaptation rules. the case base maintenance : case storage and case knowledge maintenance. the last part of this paper is about the real information system, which introduces the analysis and design of the information system and uses a real case to describe how the system operates

    這些研究工作包括：事例和問題的知識表示：給出屬性集、結構集和目標集的事例表示方法；知識化模型的推理：結構化的模型如何轉化為求解系統可識別的屬性模型的過程；最相似事例的確定：兩步選擇過程，粗選過程按屬性相交度，精選按類比轉換的規則驅動的確定最相似事例的原則和方法；類比轉換的方法：確定在一定條件下的轉換方法；事例庫的維護：事例庫是可維護的，一方面隨著系統解決問題的增多，事例庫也會不斷擴大知識領域；另一方面，通過事例庫維護模塊，可以從用戶那裡得到新的建模知識。
  8. The primary studies in this paper are the following : ( 1 ) we define a generalized alexandroff topology on an l - fuzzy quasi ordered set which is a generalization of the alexandroff topology on an ordinary quasi ordered set, prove that the generalized alexandroff topology on an l - quasi ordered set ( x, e ) can be obtained by the join of a family of the alexandroff topologies on it, a topology on any topological space can be represented as a generalized alexandroff topology on some l - quasi ordered set, and the generalized alexandroff topologies on l - fuzzy quasi ordered sets are generalizations of the generalized alexandroff topologies on generalized ultrametric spaces which are defined by j. j. m. m. rutten etc. ( 2 ) by introducing the concepts of the join of l - fuzzy set on an l - fuzzy partial ordered set with respect to the l - fuzzy partial order and l - fuzzy directed set on an l - fuzzy quasi ordered set ( with respect to the l - fuzzy quasi order ), we define l - fuzzy directed - complete l - fuzzy partial ordered set ( or briefly, l - fuzzy dcpo or l - fuzzy domain ) and l - fuzzy scott continuous mapping, prove that they are respectively generalizations of ordinary dcpo and scott continuous mapping, when l is a completely distributive lattice with order - reversing involution, the category l - fdom of l - fuzzy domains and l - fuzzy scott continuous mappings is isomorphic to a special kind of the category of v - domains and scott continuous mappings, that is, the category l - dcqum of directed - complete l - quasi ultrametric spaces and scott continuous mappings, and when l is a completely distributive lattice in which 1 is a molecule, l - fuzzy domains and l - fuzzy scott continuous mappings are consistent to directed lim inf complete categories and lim inf co ntinuous mappings in [ 59 ]

    本文主要工作是： （ 1 ）在l - fuzzy擬序集上定義廣義alexandroff拓撲，證明了它是通常擬序集上alexandroff拓撲的推廣，一個l - fuzzy擬序集（ x ， e ）上的廣義alexandroff拓撲可以由其上一族alexandroff拓撲取並得到，任意一個拓撲空間的拓撲都可以表示為某個l - fuzzy擬序集上的廣義alexandroff拓撲，以及l - fuzzy擬序集上的廣義alexandroff拓撲是j . j . m . m . rutten等定義的廣義超度量空間上廣義alexandroff拓撲的推廣。 （ 2 ）通過引入l - fuzzy偏序集上的l - fuzzy集關于l - fuzzy偏序的並以及l - fuzzy擬序集上（關于l - fuzzy擬序）的l - fuzzy定向集等概念，定義了l - fuzzy定向完備的l - fuzzy偏序集（簡稱l - fuzzydcpo ，又叫l - fuzzydomain ）和l - fuzzyscott連續映射，證明了它們分別是通常的dcpo和scott連續映射的推廣，當l是帶有逆序對合對應的完全分配格時，以l - fuzzydomain為對象， l - fuzzyscott連續映射為態射的范疇l - fdom同構於一類特殊的v - domain范疇，即以定向完備的l -值擬超度量空間為對象， scott連續映射為態射的范疇l - dcqum ，以及當l是1為分子的完全分配格時， l - fuzzydomain和l - fuzzyscott連續映射一致於k . wagner在[ 59 ]中定義的定向liminf完備的-范疇和liminf連續映射。
  9. Undoubtedly, this is necessary and meaningful, and is also the starting point and standing point of this thesis. at first. chapter 1 - reviews and summarizes the develop regulations of high - tech economic, and gives a definition for the impetus mechanism of high - tech industrialization as well as the contents of the mechanism ; next, author lists main factors influencing the process of high - tech industrialization, and divide these factors into external factors and internal factors according to the different ways these factors affecting the high - tech industry development, chapter 2 - analyzes the promotion effect of external impetus on the high - tech industrialization process, chapter 3 - analyzes respectively the great promotion effect of various innovation activities on the high - tech industry development on the premises of analysis of the innovation characteristic for high - tech industrialization process, chapter 4 - author formulates a model of impetus system for high - tech industrialization on the basis of the above research, analyzes its function characteristic, function manner, and comes forward a " san tao che " pattern / mode for subjective structure of internal impetus and one major pattern / mode of impetus coordination - " si lun xietong " pattern / mode, finally, chapter 5 - author analyzes the problems in china ' s high - tech industry development and gives some countermeasures

    本文第一章首先回顧和總結了高科技經濟的發展規律，並定義了高新技術產業化動力機制的概念，及動力機制研究包涵的內容；接著，筆者對影響高新技術產業化進程的各主要因素進行列舉，並根據各因數對高新技術產業發展的不同影響方式，將動力因素劃分為外部動力因素和內部因素兩大類，第二章分析了外部動力對高新技術產業化進程的推動作用，第三章首先在分析高新技術產業化進程的創新特徵的前提下，分別研究了各種創新活動對高新技術產業發展的重要推動作用；文中第四章在前面研究的基礎上筆者構建了高新技術產業化動力系統的模型，並分析了動力系統的作用特點、作用方式，提出了內部動力主體結構的「三套車」模式和動力協同的一種主要模式? ? 「四輪協同」模式；最後，在第五章，筆者分析了中國高新技術產業發展中存在的問題並做出對策研究。
  10. Secondllv in the 1 d random traffic flow model. the relation function between the correlation and the creation. disappearance. brake probabilities of the vehicles is presented. according to the statistical mechanical approach to the spatial correlation functions. the theoretical results agree with that of the computer simulation. thirdh. based on the bml model. a main - road traffic flow model with two speeds on two dimensions is designed. this model simulate the traffic situation of one main road and several branches in the cit traffic lights placed on the crossing. vehicles breaking ~ vhile running and turning to other direction while jamming. we investigate the ~ ' e1ocitv and flo ~ ~ of the model when the initial densitvthe brake and turning probabilities. the green to signal rati3. thc number of the branches and the period of the signal are changed. then the reasons causing all the kinds of phenomena are analvzed. finallv. we simulate the bml model using the method of lattice boltzmann which ~ vas brought out by liu mu - renand obtain the velocity - density graph similar to the previous result. the upper critical densiw above which there are oniv jamming configurations. and the lo ~ ver critical density below which there are only moving configurations are the same as before. the boltzmann function which is on the lattices shows the moving and jaxmning transition obviouslv. thus it proves the possibilit of this method on the traffic research

    接著，建立了和研究了二維二速的主幹道模型，該模型模擬了城市交通中一條主幹道，多條支道的交通情況，在幹道與支道的交叉路口設置紅綠燈，車輛在運行中可以有對突發事件發生反應的剎車，在發生堵塞時，路口的車輛可考慮通過轉向來緩解交通等各種實際情況的發生，給出了車輛演化的演化方程，並通過計算機模擬，研究模型在改變車輛的初始密度、剎車概率、轉向概率、支道數、紅綠燈信號的綠信比、紅綠燈信號周期等各種情況下支、主幹道車輛的速度、流量的變化，並分析在各種情況下交通狀況的成因，提出改善交通的有效措施。最後，在劉慕仁提出的用格子boltzmann方法研究一維決定論交通流的思路下，將此法推廣到對二維bml模型的模擬上，得到了與用以往方法的研究結果相類似的速度-密度圖線，且車輛從運動相到堵塞相轉變的上下臨界密度是一致的，同時分別給出車輛在處于暢通相和堵塞相時， boltzmann函數在格子上的分佈情況，進一步驗證了此法的可行性。
  11. The features of the products include product limits ( crest only produce oral cavity products ), product property ( vogue is a magazine on fashions ), quality and value ( ? ? high - quality products ), applied condition ( subaru was designed only for snowy day use ) ; and functional profit ( wal - mart supplies value - excessed service ). brand not only covers all these features but also has more characters ; the image of users ( those who wear ? ? ) ; original place of production ( audi was made in germany ) ; organizational association ( 3m is an innovative company ) ; brand properties ( bath and body works is a vigorous retail brand ) ; symbols ( the carriage sign of t ? ? ? ? ? ? dd ) ; the relationship between brand and

    品牌形象的威力，你只要觀察一下為什麼質量最好、功能最佳的產品不一定賣得最好，就會從中得窺一斑，感懷也好，遺憾也罷， 「酒香不怕巷子深」的年代已經一去不復返了。本文以匯源果醋品牌建設為個案，闡述了品牌識別的不同種類，品牌建設的流程以及品牌推廣，希望能給那些正在或即將實施品牌建設或品牌更新的企業一個借鑒。
  12. If a factor can be taken on similar fuzzy conditions in every similar type of the principal set, while on different fuzzy conditions in different types of the principal set, this shows the condition of the factor taken on much useful decisively for the system ' s output

    它的原理是基於一種廣義模糊特徵合成推理模型，利用shannon熵及其互信息原理，如果存在一個因素，在相同類別的每個規則中取相同的模糊狀態，在不同類別的規則集中所取的模糊狀態不同，這說明因素所取狀態對于系統輸出結果有很大的決定作用。
  13. Through these studies and analysis, following conclusions could be drawn : ( 1 ) it is necessary to study on harness engineering of landslide and dangerous rock since the main representations of this geological hazard are landslide and dangerous rock through geological investigation ; ( 2 ) it can be concluded though stability analysis that the dingzhuang landslide is stable naturally, which is identical to the in - situ investigation ; ( 3 ) through stability analysis, the landslide would slide if the water level dropped down from 175. 10m to 156. 0m and it rained successively after the three gorges reservoir work. ( 4 ) according to the results of calculation and the characteristic of the landslide, it is suggested that such measures as unloading at upper part, anchorage and pile supporting system and drainage system should be used on the landslide. ( 5 ) according to geological investigation, there are three kinds of dangerous rock in the engineering, those are failing - down rock, collapsing rock and sliding rock

    因此有必要對滑坡進行治理； （ 4 ）根據滑坡推力計算結果和本滑坡屬牽引式滑坡的特點，滑坡體上部相對較穩定，中下部處于基本穩定或不穩定狀態，因此建議此滑坡治理採用上部削坡減載與錨拉抗滑樁、擋墻進行支擋結合的處理方法，同時結合截排水等措施進行綜合治理； （ 5 ）根據地勘資料，通過對危巖體的形態、規模、基座和底界層及分佈特點和分析，將本工程危巖體失穩崩塌的方式歸納為墜落式、傾倒式和滑塌式三種類型並分別提出相應的穩定性計算方法； （ 6 ）分別對本工程中的危巖體進行了穩定性計算，並且發現其都處于不穩定狀態，因此根據實際情況分別提出相應襯砌支撐和清理等加固治理措施，最後還對加固后的危巖體進行了校核計算，滿足要求。
  14. This article, in sequence of the three solutions to interregional legal conflicts, analyses the application of reservation of public order in the three stages : analogizing rules of private international law, enacting interregional conflict law respectively in every legal unit and enacting uniform interregional conflict law

    本文立足於我國區際沖突法上的公共秩序保留制度，以解決區際沖突的3種方式為線索，依次分析了類推適用國際私法規則、各法域分別制定區際沖突法以及制定全國統一的區際沖突法這三個階段公共秩序保留制度的適用。
  15. 3. for continuous and discrete interval 2 - d systems with given quadratic cost functions, sufficient conditions to check the existence of state feedback guaranteed cost controllers are derived and expressed in a set of linear matrix inequalities. furthermore, an optimal problem is proposed in this paper

    針對連續區間2 - d系統和離散區間2 - d系統，分別定義了適當的二次型性能指標和相應的保性能控制律，並由定義出發推導出lyapunov不等式形式和lmi形式的判定定理，用以判定這兩類系統是否存在保性能控制律，同時給出了保性能控制器的設計方法。
  16. In research of this question, this paper sorts the motives into two groups : domestic factors and foreign factors and gives names them " thrust " and " pull " respectively

    在對這一根本性問題的研究中，本文將主要動因歸總為國內和國外兩類，分別定性為推力性和拉力性因素，進行了分析。
  17. Thirdly, the object - oriented way of lre knowledge representation for causality, system structure, and models is presented, and an organization model of lre diagnosis knowledge for integration of deep and shallow knowledge based on the lre component structure and in the form of node knowledge base is given. and finally, the lre intelligent fault diagnosis theory and strategy, which utilize synthetically different kinds of diagnosis knowledge and multiple reasoning methods, such as rule - based, model - based, fuzzy - knowledge - based, and dynamic - knowledge - based reasoning methods, are discussed and developed. the results verified by the test - firing data and the simulated fault samples show that, the theory and methods proposed give a theoretical basis for the design and realization of practical lre fault diagnosis and health monitoring systems, and can be available for reference in the development of health monitori ng technique for reusable space transportation systems in the future

    主要研究內容包括：系統闡述了發動機診斷知識的概念、類別和相互關系；研究發展了定性和定量、淺層和深層、模糊和動態等多種診斷知識的圖形和模型獲取方式；建立了因果、結構和模型等不同層次和類別的診斷知識的面向對象表示方法，以及以發動機的部件結構為基礎，以結點知識庫為組織形式，深淺知識相結合的診斷知識集成組織模型；研究發展了綜合多層次和多類別診斷知識，集成規則推理、模型推理、模糊推理和動態知識推理的發動機智能故障診斷理論和策略，並結合實際熱試車數據和故障模擬實例對所發展的理論、方法與策略進行了驗證。
  18. Start from the study of the development and current station of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures in cities in china, the thesis analyses the problems of the unclear faction of the goverment and the narrow channal and single way of financing and the trade monopolizing in it and then, at the request of rules of development of socialist market economy, useing the categorised theories of the products and service and the public financial theories in economics, the thesis tries to classify the projects of infrastructures into profit projects, quasi - projects and non - projects on the standard of profitable degree. and it presents the thoughts and goals of the reform of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures on the study of the co - relation of the projects. the thesis maintains that establishing the investment and fund circulation company is the way of realization of the government inventment, and enlarge the investment scale through all kinds of channels, and raise the profitable degree of projects by establishing risk compensatory fund. the thesis compares the cost of the different financing waies and discusses the feasibility and necessity to issue the fund of city construction

    然後，按照社會主義市場經濟發展規律的要求，應用經濟學有關產品和服務的分類理論、有關公共財政的理論，以城建項目的可經營程度為標準，把城建項目分為難經營性項目、準經營性項目和經營性項目三類。研究了三類項目之間在特定條件下相互轉化的關系，在此基礎上提出了城建投資融資體制改革的推進思路和目標模式。主張設立城市基礎設施投資融資公司作為政府投資的實現形式，對不同類別的城建設施項目採取多元化投資融資方式，廣泛利用股票、債券市場、產業投資基金、資產證券化等方式，擴大城建設施投資融資規模，並重視利用外資和bot項目融資方式，以及通過設立投資風險補償基金，提高項目的可經營性程度。
  19. ( 3 ) a set of classified scheme is established, and surrounding rock classification fast estimate system based on fuzzy inference is developed, which open a new way for estimating classification of surrounding rock

    （ 3 ）制定了一套適用於鷓鴣山隧道施工階段的圍巖分類方案，並研製了基於模糊邏輯推理的圍巖類別快速判定系統，為圍巖類別判定開辟了一條新的途徑。
  20. Much of epidemiological and social science research is devoted to estimation of causal effect. generally, the causal effect is not identifiable without any constraint which is called the ancillary information in this paper. first the definition of the identifiability for the ancillary information is proposed and then sufficient and necessary conditions for the identifiability of an important type of ancillary information are discussed. finally, the results are expanded to a more common case

    在流行病學和社會科學中，大量的研究是估計因果效應.一般而言，沒有任何假設的條件下，因果效應無法獲得，即不給因果變量任何輔助信息，因果效應無法識別.作者提出了輔助信息可識別的定義，並且針對一類比較普遍且重要的輔助信息得出它在一類因果模型中對4種因果效應可識別的充要條件，最後將這結果推廣到一般情況
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