類剛體 的英文怎麼說

The robotic fish model selected in this paper which consider an idealized bcf propulsive fish model that consists of only three links : the rigid body in the foreside ; the high aspect ratio caudal fin ; the caudal peduncle which connects the caudal fin and the body

機器魚的模型建立是把理想的bcf推進式魚類分為三個部分，分別是：前部剛性的身體，大展弦比的尾鰭和一個連接以上兩部分的尾頸。

Hmg serials are compact and integrated all - in - one units, designed for both mobile and workshop installation

液壓金剛之磁力發電機產品造型緊湊，將所有的部件融位一體，可以被固定安裝于車間或者各類工程設備上邊。

Cladophorales an order of chlorophyta ( green algae ), generally called siphonaceous algae. they are multicellular saclike forms or branched filaments with branching rhizoidike holdfasts, e. g. cladophora

剛毛藻目：綠藻門中的一目，稱為虹吸管狀的藻類。它們是多細胞囊泡狀的或分枝的絲狀體，用分枝狀的假根固著。例如剛毛藻屬。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Sixties primers were used for dna amplification and a total of 237 amplification products range from 450bp to 2500bp were generated. a similarity matrix for all pairwise comparisons was calculated using nei and li ' s formula and then transformed to distance matrix. dendrograms were constructed by applying unweighted pair - group arithmetic average ( upgma ) and neighboring - jointing cluster analyses using the phylip software

在第二部分，應用改進的ctab法提取了石蓴屬和滸苔屬各3個種及作為對照的剛毛藻的基因組dna ， 60個引物被用於擴增，共獲得237個片段大小在450 - 2500bp之間的擴增片段，依據nei和li （ 1979 ）的公式計算出樣品成對比較的相似性距陣並換算成遺傳距離，應用phylip軟體包，按照upgma法和n - j法分別構建聚類圖。

The aerothermoelastic analysis of missile structure includes the thermal stiffness, thermal vibration and thermal flutter analysis. this dissertation emphasizes on thermal vibration analysis of the aerial vehicle under aerodynamic heat condition

本文研究背景是彈體這類典型結構在高速飛行情況下，由於氣動加熱引起的高溫對結構氣動熱彈性分析，包括熱剛度、熱振動問題的研究。

The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。

Phbv will degrade at the processing temperature, which is much lower than its acute thermal degradation temperature. as the material for chemical fiber, phbv shows some special properties. when it was spun, the as - spun fiber was elastic and finally it would turn to be rigid

作為化學纖維的原料，此類材料的初生纖維在固體狀態表現出的由彈性行為為主向塑性行為為主的轉變直至最後表現為剛性體特徵，直接影響著此類纖維的成形加工過程，成為其進一步發展的瓶頸障礙。

In this thesis, four types of steel beam - rectangular cfst column connections, including normal welded flange plate ( wfp ) connection, bolted flange plate ( bfp ) connection, stiffened end plate ( sep ) connection and double split - tee plate ( dst ) connection, were designed based on the configuration of steel frame connection. total 8 models, 2 models of each kind of connections were tested under low - reversed cyclic loading at the end of cfst columns. the relationships between force and displacement at the end of columns, the relationships between the moment and rotation of the joints, degradations of strength and stiffness, ductility, failure mechanism and failure characteristics of these four connections under different axial - compression ratios were presented

本文借鑒鋼框架節點構造，設計了四種類型矩形鋼管混凝土柱與鋼梁連接節點，包括常規栓焊（ wfp ）節點、翼緣全螺栓連接（ bfp ）節點、雙t板連接（ dst ）節點以及加勁端板連接（ sep ）節點，進行了四類節點8個模型試件在柱端低周反復荷載作用下的抗震性能試驗研究，比較了不同軸壓比下節點的滯回性能、強度與剛度退化、延性、破壞機理與破壞特徵，主要結論有： 1 、節點的位移滯回曲線與轉角滯回曲線為塊型分佈，沒有或略有捏攏現象，耗能能力強； 2 、軸壓比對節點滯回曲線有顯著影響，全部節點都有顯著的剛度退化； 3 、位移與轉角骨架曲線在峰值荷載後有較長的水平或下降段，具有良好的延性性能； 4 、從整體抗震性能上看，翼緣全螺栓連接節點、雙t板連接與加勁端板連接節點都優于常規栓焊節點，可在實際工程中加以推廣。

( 3 ) usually, there are two kinds of unknown external disturbances and / or modeling uncertainties : one in the inertial matrix, and the other in the control matrix

（ 3 ）剛體姿態控制系統中一般存在兩類不確定性：慣性矩陣含有的不確定性和控制矩陣含有的不確定性。

The existing assembly tolerance analysis and synthesis are mainly applied to the rigid assembly, and not suited to the deformable sheet metal assembly. it is necessary to find a new method that applied to the deformable sheet metal assembly. there is great meaning that we use the new method to make clear the variances sources and to improve the quality of the sheet metal assembly

現有裝配偏差的分析與綜合研究主要沿用了剛體裝配誤差理論，不適合柔性金屬薄壁件，因此，尋求適用於具有柔性特點的薄板裝配偏差研究方法，探明引起裝配偏差的各類偏差源，對控制轎車車身等薄板裝配偏差具有重要意義。

According to the geological data which was gained by exploration investigation, establishing a geological model which can reflect rock mass characteristics ; with analyzing the internal and exterior factors synthetically, the deformation and possible failure mechanism and mode of the cut slopes was confirmed which combines with stereoic projection and other techniques ; the stabilities of the 14 high slopes are estimated synthetically by applicable design codes and guidelines. with the estimate result and some other analysis methods, the rock mass mechanical parameters of slope are identified ; as a results, 14 high slopes fall into 4 categories based on rockmass characteristics and discontinuities. the stability and deformation of some typical slopes was analyzed with distinct element method by udec ; the safety factor of some dangerous slopes are calculated by rigid limiting equilibrium method for comparison

首先著重研究影響邊坡穩定性的內在因素，主要是通過地質勘探、測量、現場觀測等手段取得研究區地質體的基礎地質資料，建立起能夠反映地質體結構特徵的地質模型;隨后綜合分析潛在的內外部影響因素，並結合赤平投影對邊坡可能的失穩模式或破壞機製作出判斷;運用已有巖體質量分類方法對沿線14個高陡邊坡穩定性進行初步的評價，並結合試驗研究、經驗判斷、工程類比等手段確定了坡體的巖體力學參數;根據穩定性初步評價結果將研究區14個高陡邊坡按開挖方式分為4大類，並利用離散元程序udec對各類典型高陡邊坡進行了穩定性計算分析;對潛在危險邊坡利用剛體極限平衡法求出了不同工況下的安全系數。

On the basic of a great of literature reading and research on safety of side impact of the car, according to requirement of ece r95, applied madymo6. 2. 1 software, established simulation model of side impact of the car, researched the relationship between side rigidity of the car and passenger injury in side impact, which showed that during first impact the bigger side rigidity was, the more advantaged protection for the car and passenger in a definite range, and which drew a conclusion that the most serious part of passenger injury was pelvis during first impact. then detailed the substructure model by defining bodies, joints, contact types and contact characteristic, researched some improvement approach for side safety of the car, and then analyses a particular case, that was to say to fix vehicle door bar fender on between inner and outer plate of the vehicle door, analyzed the influence of passenger injury when the bar fender was fixed on different position, the result showed that the passenger injury was less when the bar fender was fixed on the height of vehicle door decorate bar. finally, a set of tests were performed, contrasting the simulation result with the test, analyzed the influence of the side rigidity of the car to passenger injury, which showed the test

本文在對汽車的側面碰撞安全性進行大量文獻閱讀和研究的基礎上，按照歐洲ecer95側面碰撞乘員保護法規的要求，應用多剛體動力學軟體madymo6 . 2 . 1 ，建立了汽車的側面碰撞模擬模型，研究了汽車的側面剛性對乘員損傷的影響，結果表明在「一次碰撞」中，在一定范圍內汽車側面剛性越大，越有利於汽車和乘員的保護，同時得出結論，即在「一次碰撞」過程中人體損傷最嚴重的部位是骨盆;然後通過定義各剛體、鉸鏈、接觸類型以及接觸特性，對該模型進行子結構細化工作，研究了加強汽車側面安全性的若干改進措施，並進行了一個特例分析，即在此模型的車門內外板之間安裝了車門防撞桿，分析了當車門防撞桿安裝在不同位置時對乘員損傷的影響，結果表明防撞桿位於車門裝飾條的高度時，對乘員的損傷較小;最後進行了一組側面碰撞試驗，通過試驗和模擬結果的對比，分析汽車的側面剛性對乘員損傷的影響，表明試驗和模擬結果是一致的，從而證明了模擬模型的有效性以及模擬結果的正確性。

In his new book " the singing neanderthals : the origins of music, language, mind, and body " harvard university press, 2006, mithen contends that because of their communication powers, dance and music likely became an important tool of social interaction as soon as humans could walk and talk

在他的新書唱歌的穴居人：音樂語言思想及身體的起源中，米森還提出，由於舞蹈和音樂所具有的交流的力量，在早期人類剛會行走和說話的時候，它們很可能就成為了一種社會交互作用的重要工具。

This paper focuses on launch dynamics of a self - propelled gun coupled with its automatic ramming system, based on the rigid multi - bodies theory. the main contents are included as follows : the first, three - dimensional models of the whole gun and it ' s ramming system are constructed by use of the software platforms of i - deas and adams ( automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system ). the second, the dynamic equations are obtained according to the lagrange equations of the first kind expressed by euler angles

本文運用多剛體動力學理論，對某炮自動供輸彈系統和全炮耦合運動的發射動力學問題進行了探索研究，主要包括以下幾個方面：基於i - deas平臺和動力學分析軟體adams （ automaticdynamicanalysisofmechanicalsystem ）建立了某自行火炮的全炮及其供輸彈系統的三維實體模型；推導了第一類lagrange形式的多體動力學方程的顯式表達式，建立了相對慣性系運動的全炮動力學模型、供彈系統動力學模型以及供輸彈系統與全炮耦合運動的動力學模型。

There are two main types of object used in the simulation : rigid bodies and animated bodies

在模擬器里有兩個主要的物體類型被使用：剛體和活體。

Compliant mechanisms ( cm ) can be defined as mechanisms that gain some or all of their motion due to the relative flexibility of their members

柔性機械是利用構成機械的零部件的彈性變形來實現設計功能的一類機械。其特點是在柔性機械中存在較少的或者不存在剛性副和剛體。

Moreover, a special contact problems implying herein the contact between deformable body and rigid body such as rigid foundation and base, rigid retaining wall and backfill is studied

此外，還對變形體?剛體接觸進行了比較詳細的討論，剛性基礎?地基、剛性擋墻?墻後土體之間的作用均屬此類特殊的接觸問題。

Lastly, establish the rigid - body spaceship attitude kinematics and dynamics equations, and primarily design the spaceship attitude law including limit loop parameters and two kind switch curves. analyze the astronaut ’ s disturbance moments. put the disturbance moments of typical astronaut ’ s push - off act as the input datas of the control system simulation, and analyze the response of the attitude control system after disturbed

最後，建立剛體飛船姿態運動學及動力學方程，並對飛船姿態控制律進行了初步的設計，包括極限環參數的設計和兩類典型的開關曲線的設計;對航天員擾動力矩進行了分析;以典型的航天員推離動作對飛船的擾動力矩作為控制系統模擬的輸入參數，分析姿態控制系統受到擾動后的響應。

A free, industrial quality library for simulating articulated rigid body dynamics - for example ground vehicles, legged creatures, and moving objects in vr environments. it ' s fast, flexible & robust. built - in collision detection

一個免費為模仿被明確表達的剛體動力學工業質量類庫-例如地面車輛，有腿的東西和移動對象在vr環境里。它快速，靈活，強勁。內置式的碰撞檢測。