類線粒體 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lèixiànlìtǐ]
類線粒體 英文
chondrioids
  • 類 : Ⅰ名1 （許多相似或相同的事物的綜合; 種類） class; category; kind; type 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞...
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 粒 : Ⅰ名 （小圓珠形或小碎塊形物） small particles; grain; granule; pellet Ⅱ量詞（用於粒狀物）
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  1. 3 the comparison of mitochondrial genomes and phylogentic relationships of amphibian there still is a lack of consensus regarding living amphibian phylogenetic relationships. the most widely accepted hypothesis, based on morphological data, supports the monophyletic origin in the late paleozoic ( 300 mya ) of the three living orders in the class amphibia and a sister - group relationship between caudata and anura ( the batrachia hypothesis ) to the exclusion of the gymnophiona

    3兩棲類動物的線粒體基因組結構比較和系統發生關系現存兩棲類的三個目的系統發生關系仍然沒有統一意見，最廣泛被接受的假說，是建立在形態學證據基礎上，支持現生的兩棲類三個目在古生代後期（ 300mya ）單系起源，並且無尾類和有尾類為姐妹群關系（蛙類假說） 。
  2. Robustness of our results was confirmed by high bootstrap support of all nodes in the trees. this result contradicts the batrachia hypothesis ( a salamander + frog grouping ), and is consistent with bolt ' s hypothesis ( 1991 ) basing on the morphological data. the result was also supported by previous molecular studies based on mitochondrial and nuclear rrna data

    這個結果與蛙類假說是相矛盾的，與bolt （ 1991 ）中國澤蛙線粒體基因組結構及種群系統地理學研究在形態學基礎上提出的絨蝶類和蚓螺類為姐妹群關系的假說相一致，並得到建立在線粒體和核trna基因數據基礎上的許多分子研究的支持。
  3. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of f. limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 5 other amphibians. the nucleotide sequences of 22 trna encoded by 6 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa. using teleosts as outgroup, the phylogenetic analyses results show that mp, nj and ml trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and salamanders

    我們在測定了澤蛙線粒體全基因組序列的基礎上，與已知其它的5種兩棲類進行詳細的比較分析，同時選擇了11種高等脊椎動物的線粒體全基因序列，以硬骨魚類做外群，用22個trna基因合併數據進行系統發生重建分析，結果表明mp 、 nj和ml樹都強力地支持現生兩棲類動物為單系群並且蠑螈類和蚓螈類為姐妹群關系（自引導值分別為92 、 99 、 100 ） 。
  4. However, amphioxus ubf80 also showed some unique characters such as its amino acid residues at sites 39, 54, 63 and 74 in the cep. it appears that amphioxus not only represents an organism tr ansitional from invertebrates to vertebrates in phylogeny but also a possible diverged form radiated from the chordate ancestor at early chordate evolution. the possibility that some mutations in ub genes have taken place in different lines early at the divergence of plants and animals is also discussed

    發現文昌魚a二phi屍rxv基因是具有線粒體和過氧化物酶體信號特徵（ mitochondrialandperoxisomalsortingsignals ）的抗氧化物酶基因;通過序列比對，我們把屍rxv歸為l一cys和2一cys之外的3一cys類，從而把屍rx基因家族的兩種分類方法統一了起來。
  5. At low concentration of zn, the changes in ultrastructure were nuclei deformation, chloroplast swelling and disorder of thylakoid arrangement ; serious damages in ultrastructure caused by greater zn stress were indicated by scattered nucleoli, condensed chromatin, almost empty nuclei with nuclear membrane disrupted and nucleoplasm flowing into cytoplasm, swollen and partly dissolved cristae of mitochondria, disrupted and collapsed chloroplast envelopes, and some dissolved thylakoids that flew into cytoplasm

    超微結構的變化也呈現加重趨勢，低濃度處理的變化為細胞核變形、葉綠體膨脹、類囊體排列紊亂；嚴重的超微結構的損傷是核仁散開、染色質凝集，細胞核幾乎成為空核和核膜破裂，核質散出；線粒體脊突膨脹和部分溶解；葉綠體膜斷裂、消失和部分類囊體溶解和散到細胞質中。
  6. A four - gene block, a rwo - trna gene cluster and six single trna genes involved in the rearrangement, the second gene rearrangement type of mitochondrial dna reported for any pancrustacea arthropod. comparisons of mitochondrial gene arrangements of decapod suggested that rearrangement of the four gene - block found in eriocheir is informative for high level phylogenetic study of decapod

    發生重排的基因包括一個4基因塊的重排、 1個2基因的trna基因簇的重排和6個單一trna基因的重排，形成泛甲殼類線粒體dna的另一種基因重排類型。
  7. The ultrastructure of the hepatocyte in bufo bufo gargarizans cantor between pro - hibernation and initial post - hi be rnation was studied in this paper. the results show that : 1. the hepatocytes in pro - hibernation period have very plenty of glycogen granules, but nearly not glycog en granules in post - hibernation period ; 2. the hepatocytes in pro - hibernation peri od have very developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, but a few scattered dilatant rough endoplasmic reticula in post - hibernation period ; 3. the quantity of mitocho ndria, and the structure of nuclei and bile canaliculi in pro - hibernation period have not obvious difference from that in post - hibernation period ; 4. two types o f hepatocytes in pro - hibernation were found. the significance of the results men tioned above is also discussed

    冬眠前和出眠初期的中華大蟾蜍肝細胞的超微結構有如下特點： （ 1 ）冬眠前肝細胞堆積有大量糖元顆粒，而出眠初期幾乎無糖元顆粒； （ 2 ）冬眠前肝細胞的粗面內質網非常發達，而出眠初期的粗面內質網不發達，常呈零散膨大； （ 3 ）線粒體的數量，細胞核和膽小管的形態結構在這兩個時期無明顯差異； （ 4 ）冬眠前肝細胞可分為兩種不同的類型.對上述結果的生理意義作了討論
  8. As analyzed, ( 1 ) the rapd technique is highly sensitive to investigating genetic diversity in t. lepturus and e. muticus. t. lepturus exhibits lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than e. muticus ; ( 2 ) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16s rrna gene ; ( 3 ) five primers generate the species - speeific rapd sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and ( 4 ) it can be proved at dna variation level that t. lepturus and e. muticus are of two species respectively pertainiag to different genera, which supported the nelson taxonomic conclusion

    分析結果表明: （ 1 ） rapd技術研究黃海帶魚和小帶魚的遺傳多樣性具有較高的靈敏度和檢出率，帶魚的多態比例和遺傳多態度均較小帶魚的低; （ 2 ）線粒體165出兇a基因序列在分析兩物種遺傳變異時表現出保守和變異的雙重特性，種內變異極小而種間較大: （ 3 ） 5個隨機引物擴增出種特異的ra衛d帶，可作為種間分子鑒定標記; （ 4 ）研究證實帶魚和小帶魚是不同屬的兩個種，從而在分子水平上支持了nelson分類系統的觀點。
  9. 1. because the taxonomic division is rather complex and has been much disputed and revised, in this part, we will review the classification and phylogeny of families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes based on morphology, ethology, osteology, mitochondrial and nuclear dna restriction fragment length polymorphism, single - copy nuclear dna hybridization and the sequences of mitochondrial gene analysis referring to the different definition, classification and phylogenetic relationships of the families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes. the controversial questions and deficiency in the systematic studies of anseriformes were pointed out

    具體包括以下幾個部分： 1 、針對雁形目鳥類異常復雜的分類狀況及分類上存在的爭議，根據雁形目鳥類的形態學、行為學、骨骼學、角蛋白、線粒體與核dna酶切片段長度多態、單拷貝核dna - dna雜交及線粒體基因dna序列分析等方面的研究，對雁形目鳥類分類中科、亞科和族的劃分及其相互間的系統發生關系進行綜述，分析系統學研究中存在的不足，提出了雁形目鳥類分類中急需解決的問題。
  10. The mitochondria are present in both animal and plant cells in today s world, suggesting that the arrival of the mitochondria in the evolutionary chain was slightly before recognizable taxonomical differences between animals and plants

    線粒體是存在在動物和植物細胞里在今天世界里，建議，線粒體的到來在演變鏈子輕微地是在可認識的分類學區別之前在動物和植物之間。
  11. Among avian orders, the anseriformes ( screamers and waterfowls ) are a morphologically and biologically diverse group containing ca. 150 species distributed worldwide except antarctica. this paper will review the phylogeny of anseriformes firstly and then discuss the molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on the genetic variation of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene and cytochrome b gene respectively

    本文首先對雁形目鳥類的系統發生研究進行了綜述，然後分別基於雁形目鳥類線粒體dna12srrna基因和細胞色素b基因全序列的遺傳變異分析，探討了雁形目鳥類分子系統發生。
  12. The 12940 bp nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of a brachyura dacapod, eriocheir japonica sinesis, was determined

    測定了短尾類十足目動物中華絨螯蟹的線粒體基因組12940bp的核苷酸序列。
  13. Molecular systematics of partial species belonging to 5 subfamilies of miridae are investigated in this study by using esterase isozyme ( est ) and cytochrome b ( cyt b ) gene in mitochondrial dna as molecular marks

    運用酯酶同工酶和線粒體dna中編碼細胞色素b蛋白質的基因cytb作為分子標記，對盲蝽科miridae的5個亞科的部分種類進行了分子系統學研究。
  14. The mitochondrial dma cytochrome b gene was sequenced from 32 siluriforms which are belonging to 22 genera and 10 families

    本研究通過pcr技術獲得了鯰形目10科22屬32種魚類線粒體dna細胞色素b基因1138bp全序列。
  15. Analysis of the sequence variation of cytochrome b gene indicated that there is no evidence of insertions or deletions, i. e., they are all of identical length of 1143 bp in all the sequences of cytochrome b gene. further, the sequences can be fully translated into amino acid using chicken mitochondrial codon without nonsense mutations or intervening stop codons. the 1143 bp cytochrome b alignment contained 416 variable sites, of which 306 were parsimony informative sites with the strongest variable in third codon positions and less variable in first and second codon positions

    細胞色素b基因序列變異分析表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類細胞色素b基因全序列長度一致，無插入和缺失：對照雞線粒體密碼子系統全序列能全部翻譯成氨基酸序列，無無義突變，全序列內部無終止密碼子； 2 ）序列比對后1143加，含416個核著酸變異位點， 306個簡約信息位點，其中處於密碼子第三位的變異最大，第一位和第二位堿基的變異相對較小。
  16. Rearrangements have been occurred in at least twelve mitochondrial genes, which have drastically altered the gene order of the mitten crab e. japonica sinensis to the putative ancestral pancrustacean ( crustacean / insecta ) gene order

    中華絨螯蟹線粒體基因組與推測的泛甲殼類原始的線粒體基因順序相比，至少有12個基因發生了重排，造成線粒體基因排列順序顯著的變化。
  17. The phylogenetic analysis of these two nonmarine crabs together with intertidal, supratidal and swimming crabs based on portions of mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences suggested that grapsioidea, ocypodoidea, potamoidea and portunoidea arose from a common marine ancestor, and the estimated divergence time are similar. the freshwater crab phylogeny suggested that the genus sinopotamon and the genus potamonautes arose from a common ancestor and the estimated divergence time is about 36 - 44 mya

    基於線粒體16srdna部分序列，對這2個類型的非海洋蟹類與潮間帶蟹類、海洋蟹類之間的系統發生分析提示，方蟹總科（ grapsioidea ） 、沙蟹總科（ ocypodioidea ） 、溪蟹總科（ potamoidea ）和梭子蟹總科（ portunoidea ）的蟹類起源於一個共同的海洋蟹類祖先，它們彼此之間的歧異時間基本一致。
  18. The results showed that the lumen of small intestine was lined by the simple columnar epithelium, most of the cells were high columnar absorbing ones with abundant developed microvilli

    結果表明，中華鱉小腸黏膜上皮為單層柱狀上皮，以高柱狀吸收細胞為主，具有發達的微絨毛、線粒體、粗面內質網和膜包小囊泡，其結構的發達程度已接近高等哺乳動物和鳥類。
  19. All these characters were parsimoniously analyzed using paup4. 0. mitochondrial dna cytochrome b gene was adopted to discuss the sequences variations among the populations of sinibrama species and used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between the genus sinibrama and some related cultrinae genera. on the basis of the analytical result, the hypothesized relationship of cultrinae by previous authors were testified

    運用線粒體dna細胞色素b基因序列對華鯿屬及其相關類群進行了系統發育重建，以探討華鯿屬魚類不同地理居群的cytb序列變異及與其他相關類群的系統發育關系，並驗證前人的一些研究結果。
  20. To help resolve phylogenetic relationships among the crabs of the genus eriocheir and the genus helice ( varunidae ), portions of the mitochondrial genome corresponding to the 16s rrna gene were sequenced for helice ( helice ) tientsinesis distributed in china and all species of eriocheir distributed in china and japan

    測定了天津厚蟹和分佈於中國和日本的絨螯蟹類線粒體16rrna基因的部分序列，探討了弓蟹類厚蟹屬、絨螯蟹屬等的系統發生關系。系統發生分析結果支持將厚蟹屬從相手蟹科移至弓蟹科。
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