首次推定值 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shǒucìtuīdìngzhí]
首次推定值 英文
first guess
  • 首 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭） head 2 （首領） leader; head; chief 3 （表示方位） aspect 4 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動...
  • 次 : Ⅰ名詞1 （次序; 等第） order; sequence 2 [書面語] （出外遠行時停留的處所） stopping place on a jou...
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 首次 : for the first time; first
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. Firstly, in spherical coordinate system, the sovp formulation for the time - harmonic electromagnetic fields of the current dipole in conductive infinite - space is derived, using reciprocity theorem and transforming relations between special functions. then, selecting appropriate coordinate system, using superposition principle, the boundary - value problem of modified magnetic vector potential on the problem of a time - harmonic current dipole in spherical conductor is solved and analytical solution is obtained. finally, by means of the addition formulas of legendre polynomial and spherical harmonics function of degree n and order 1, the analytical solution in spherical coordinate system specially located is transformed into that in spherical coordinate system arbitrarily located

    首先利用特殊函數間的轉化關系和互易定理推導得到了無限大導體空間中球坐標下時諧電流元電磁場的二階矢量位形式：然後利用疊加原理，選擇合適坐標系，求解了導體球中時諧電流元的修正磁矢量位邊值問題，得到了問題的解析解；最後依據不同坐標系下電磁場解的轉化原理，藉助勒讓德多項式和n次1階球諧函數的加法公式，將坐標系特殊安放時的電磁場解析解變換到坐標系一般安放時的解析解，給出了球內電場和球外磁場的並矢格林函數。
  2. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  3. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  4. Thirdly, to improve the application of light gauge steel structure in our country, some experimentations of institute of new - style steel structure which adopting native productions are induced nally, three - dimensional finite element model is presented. compared with the tests, mumerical results are verified much accurate and efficient, therefore a reliable way is provided to utilize the computational technique adequately to reduce the tests and to utilize the experimental results adequately to improve design quality, ( 3 ) study on floor system. not only adequate strength, stiffness and integer stabilization must be provided, but also insulation, fire and acoustics must be satified

    本文首先論述了lgsfcbw各種破壞模式及其原因，總結了各因素對lgsfcbw抗剪性能的影響，從而為我國引進和應用輕鋼龍骨結構體系奠定了基礎；其次從試驗模型、試驗方法和試驗結果三方面探討了國外lgsfcbw抗震性能的研究，並分析該體系的破壞模式和抗震特性、提出研究建議；然後介紹了為推動輕鋼龍骨住宅國產化，我們採用國產材料開展的系列試驗；最後提出了lgsfcbw的有限單元分析法，數值計算與試驗結果一致，為充分利用計算技術減少試驗數量和充分利用試驗成果提高設計水平提供了一條可靠途徑。
  5. Firstly, the environment harm of the waste rock is studied ; secondly, we research the physics and mechanics property of the waste rock of the dabagou tunnel and get the physics and mechanics property index of waste rock ; thirdly, after comminuting the waste rock and compounding concrete as coarse aggregate, we make the comparison between it and the songshan stone in the fuxin building market at present, it proves to possess extension application value ; fourthly, on the foundation of it, we utilize waste rock as coarse aggregate to compound high strength concrete, steel fiber high strength concrete, polymer cement concrete, asphalt concrete by uniform design and research their mechanics property index by experiment

    首先闡述了排矸石對環境產生的危害，其次對大巴溝隧道排矸石的物理力學性質進行了試驗研究，獲得了排矸石的物理力學性能指標。將排矸石粉碎后，作為粗骨料配製成混凝土，與目前阜新建築市場上所用的松山石子進行比較，證明其具有推廣應用價值。在此基礎上，利用均勻設計法，將排矸石作為粗骨料配製成高強混凝土，鋼纖維高強混凝土，聚合物水泥混凝土，瀝青混凝土，通過試驗測定其力學指標，獲得了各種排矸石混凝土的優化方程和最佳配合比。
  6. To our satisfaction, all the measuring results from the measurement locale are accurate and convincing comppared with the results calculated by the theory which makes it clear that the system can meet the demands of measuring upon the dafosi bridge of changjiang river. the system has achieved the long - time and real - time automatic deflection measurement of the bridge at first time in our country, and the system has passed the appraisal of the experts consigned by the ministry of communications so the system has the practical value on the long - span bridge ' s deflection measurement

    通過對橋梁實際測量結果與理論計算的結果的對比分析可知，本文所設計的連通管式光電撓度測量系統測量數據準確，系統可靠，能夠滿足大佛寺長江大橋撓度測量的需要。該撓度測量系統首次在國內實現了橋梁主梁撓度的長期實時自動監測，並且已經通過了交通部的項目驗收，具有一定的推廣價值
  7. The research of human resource value measure models of this paper has very important theoretical meaning and realistic significance. under the guidance of marxian labor valve theory and occident human capital theory and element distribution theory, this paper aims at the high science & technology software development enterprise and designs model systems of human resource group value and individual value measuring, which not only adhere the traditional accounting principle, but also combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. in detail, it is organized as follows : ( 1 ) according to some defects of the available value measuring models, this thesis brings forward 4 innovative trains of thought : adopts the method that combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and establishes the new measuring basis that contain human resource the present period input cost and realized value, and defines the high - grade human resource as the target evaluation group of individual value measuring, as the basis for revealing the real contribution of human resource group firstly and achieving individual value by distributing group value to the target evaluation group in according with the specific rules secondly ; ( 2 ) analyzes the constitution of human resource value, and comes up with new way of thinking on group value measuring : adopts the historical cost means to calculate human resource group the present period input cost, and rectifies the present period realization value theory of li - shicong professor from accounting angle, and obtains more scientifically the group present period new contribution value, as the basis for structuring the new measuring

    首先揭示組織中人力資源群體對企業的真實貢獻，然後再將群體價值以一定的規則分配給目標評估群，從而確認個人價值; （ 2 ）分析人力資源的價值構成，提出新的群體價值計量思路:採用歷史成本法計量群體當期投入成本，並對李世聰教授提出的當期實現價值理論從會計學角度進行了修正，更為科學地確定了群體當期新增貢獻價值，從而構建了全新的人力資源群體價值計量模型; （ 3 ）分析個人價值的影響因素及其關系，提出新的個人價值計量思路:運用層次分析法獲得目標評估群在群體當期新增價值中的權重，確定高級人力資源當期所創造的貢獻份額;基於崗位相對權重和個人崗位績效評估值這兩個關鍵指標，將層次分析法和關聯矩陣法結合起來，計算個人貢獻價值系數，確定某個體在目標評估群中的權重，從而構建了全新的人力資源個人價值計量模型; （ 4 ）選取了一家人力資本含量較高的it公司，將所構建的理論模型在該公司進行了實證檢驗，驗證了模型體系在實務中的科學性與可操作性，從而在一定程度上豐富了人力資源價值計量理論，推動了人力資源會計與現行會計核算體系的接軌。
  8. During the phase in order to make certain whether the enterprise has the capability in put the project in practice, value chain and supply chain was analyzed and assessed involved in organism structure, material - supplying and ordering, product plan, product structure, financial administration, material - disposing, capital administration, transport, storage, marking, sell and client service in the method of administration - diagnosing, phase - analyzing. secondly, the industry and market related to the output of the enterprise and project was analyzed according macro and micro hierarchy. in the process the five models of competitive ability, which are analysis framework of swot and baud ' s value chain, was utilized to analyze the competitive circumstance and competitive predominance in the enterprise and provide with the basis of analyzing cash flux of the debt project then by a qualitative and quantitative analysis the characteristic of the debt project was analyzed, the debt - repaying ability estimated and the risk of it assayed

    首先，對企業的經營管理、財務狀況進行了分析，通過特定的財務分析方法體系對企業的償債能力狀況、財務效益狀況、資金營運狀況、發展能力狀況、現金流量狀況進行了橫向和縱向比較分析、評價和定位，通過管理診斷、層次分析的方法對企業的組織結構、原料供應與采購、生產計劃、生產組織、財務管理、材料處理、訂購過程、資產管理、運輸、倉儲、市場營銷、銷售以及客戶服務等企業價值鏈、供應鏈各環節進行了分析評價，以確定企業是否具備實施項目的能力；其次，分析了企業和項目產出所涉及的產業、市場，按照宏觀、中觀、微觀的層次結構分析推進，運用了swot分析框架、波特的一般價值鏈分析框架和波特的五種競爭力模型對企業競爭環境及企業內部產生競爭優勢的能力進行了分析，為債項的現金流量分析提供了較為充實的依據；通過定量、定性的方法分析了債項的特性，測算了償債能力，對債項風險進行了分析評價。
  9. Firstly, based on the biot - savat theory, we set up the computational model of the inductors, for different shape, and then use this theory to design our thin - film inductors with multi - value

    首先基於biot - savat定律，推導不同繞線形狀電感的新理論計算式，並根據理論計算結果設計了不同電感值的薄膜電感，並首次提出多層薄膜磁場分佈的傳輸線模型。
  10. Firstly, we introduce the vector projection theory and preceding theory results. secondly, the sufficient conditions of stability linear switched systems are presented ; furthermore, the sufficient conditions of stability of nonlinear switched systems are extended under some conditions. meanwhile, we design a kind of switching law based on the conditions

    首先介紹向量投影理論以及前人得到的穩定性結果;其次，利用向量投影理論給出線性切換系統指數穩定充分條件，在一定條件下，可以推廣到一類帶有持續擾動系統中並得到其穩定的充分條件，同時基於穩定性條件設計了一種切換法則，然後用模擬和數值例子說明了結果的正確有效性。
  11. At last, the heart beating speed and blood pressure of taxi drivers and the response time are measured after the vibration duration is 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours. the phenomena that response time is longer and longer, the rate of heart beating is faster and faster and blood pressure raises firstly and then decreases are founded. the drivers will suffer from fatigue in about 8 hours

    最後，本論文在國內外首次對出租車駕駛員工作0 、 2 、 4 、 6 、 8 、 10小時后的心跳速度和血壓這兩個生理指標及反應時間進行了測量，並發現隨著工作時間的增加，出租車駕駛員的反應時間逐漸加長，心跳速度逐漸增加，駕駛員的血壓先增加后降低;發現出租車駕駛員大概在工作8小時之後疲勞，與駕駛員的主觀感覺完全吻合;通過計算，職業駕駛員疲勞時對應的估計振動劑量值為: 11 . 12ms - 1 . 75 ，依此可以將此研究成果推廣到其他類似出租車駕駛員的職業駕駛員的疲勞判別中，從而可以制定出更合理的作業時間。
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