鳥類分化 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [niǎolèifēnhuà]
鳥類分化
英文
bird species difference-
The feathers attached to the arms and the tail evidently possess the structures of " modern feathers ", which consisting of the central shafts ( rachis ) and parallel barbs. dromaeosaurids are unusual group of maniraptoran theropods. they share many similar or the same features with archaeopteryx or other primitive birds, such as : u - shaped furcula, uncinate process, laterally facing glenoid of shoulder girdle, comparatively long forelimb, large semilunate carple, retroverted pubis, ascending process of astragalus, and " modern feathers " with rachis and barbs etc. these facts indicate not only that dromaeosaurids had developed many bird - like characters in course of the advanced maniraptorans toward birds, but also that there seemed to be the co - evolutionary trend between the feathers and the skeletal bones
奔龍類是一類較為特殊的手盜龍類（ maniraptora ） ，它具有許多與始祖鳥archaeopteryx甚至其它早期鳥類相似或接近的特徵，主要表現在：叉骨u形與始祖鳥和孔子鳥類的相同，背肋鉤狀突在孔子鳥類和個別反鳥類中也存在，肩臼窩絕大部分指向側方類似於始祖鳥，肩胛骨與烏喙骨間的夾角非常接近90也和始祖鳥的相似，前肢從比例上講顯得較長，大的半月形腕骨使肘部能向側方折過來，恥骨伸向後下方，距骨上升突與原始鳥類中的為同源結構，羽毛已有顯著的分化且具備了現代羽毛的基本結構等等。Phylogenetic analysis surports that anseranas should be placed in monotypic family anseranatidae, and the whistling ducks and the white - backed duck should be separated from subfamily anserinae and placed them into family dendrocygnidae. the family anatidae could be classified into two subfamilies, anserinae and anatinae. the results approve that the swans should be put into the tribe cygnini of subfamily anserinae as suggested by livezey ( 1996, 1997b ) and the shelducks should be placed in the tribe tadornini of subfamily anatinae, therefore, our results do not support sibley and ahlquist ' s ( 1990 ) establishment of the subfamily cygninae and placing the shelducks in the tribe anserini
研究結果表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類12srrna基因有較多的堿基插入和缺失，堿基轉換數高於顛換數； 2 ）贊同將鵲鵝（ anseranas ）置於鵲鵝科（ anseranatidae ）中，樹鴨（ dendrocygna ）應從雁亞科（ anserinae ）中獨立出來設立樹鴨科（ dendrocygnidae ） ，白背鴨（ thalassornis ）隸屬于樹鴨科； 3 ）鴨科（ anatidae ）可分為雁亞科和鴨亞科（ anatinae ） 2個亞科，不贊同sibley & ahlquist （ 1990 ）設立天鵝亞科（ cygninae ）及將麻鴨歸入雁族（ anserini ）的觀點，支持livezey （ 1996a ， 1997b ）的觀點建議將天鵝類歸為雁亞科天鵝族（ cygnini ） ，麻鴨置於鴨亞科下麻鴨族； 4 ）在鴨亞科內的系統發生上，潛鴨最早分歧出來，麻鴨、海中文摘要鴨及棲鴨彼此iaj的親緣關系較近；河鴨族為一單系發生群，在系統演化中形成獨立的一支。Based on the analyses of the diversity of shape and structure of tarsometatarsus of living birds and its corresponding function, we can study the shape and habit of birds in the early stages, at the same time can discuss the evolutive law of functional behavior of birds in the different periods of the geologic history further too
特別是通過對現生鳥類跗跖骨形態結構多樣性與對應功能的分析，可以此作為研究早期鳥類形態習性的參考依據，同時也可進一步探討不同地質歷史時期鳥類功能行為的演化規律。Together these advances have produced a highly detailed and revolutionary picture : feathers originated and diversified in carnivorous, bipedal theropod dinosaurs before the origin of birds or the origin of flight
綜合這些證據，便能描繪出十分詳盡的革命性圖像：羽毛的起源與分化都發生於肉食性、兩足步行的獸足類恐龍身上，比鳥類的起源、甚至飛行的起源都還要早。The classification and evolution of trachea in gruidae birds
鶴科鳥類的系統分類和氣管進化We mostly produce all kinds of product made of tung, pine, willow, straw and veneer. the products is divided into the winebottle box, packing box, casket, dressing case, gift box, food box, wooden dish, wooden cabinet, vcd box or vcd shelf, bark box, tung board, toy, picnic table, furniture, kitchenware, painting frame, mirror frame, photo frame, basketry etc. our products have 20 types and 8000 styles
我司主要生產各類桐木製品松木製品高密度板製品柳條編草製品等，產品種類分為酒瓶盒包裝盒首飾盒化妝盒禮品盒食品盒木盤木櫥vcd盒架樹皮盒桐木板玩具野餐桌傢具廚房用具鳥房鼠窩油畫框鏡框像框柳條編提籃條筐等二十余大類， 8000多種款式的工藝品。Monofunctional alkylating agent n - methyl - n ' - nitro - n - nitrosoguanidine ( mnng ) is a widely spread environmental mutagen and carcinogen that targets dna and proteins to generate adducts. among the adducts, o6 - alkyl guanine is the predominant mutagenic lesion because of its mispairing properties, which can eventually lead to chromosomal aberrations, point mutations, and cell death. this lesion also appears to be involved in tumor initiation, particularly in gastric carcinogenesis
單功能烷化劑n -甲基- n -硝基- n -亞硝基胍（ mnng ）是一種在環境中廣泛存在的化學誘變劑和致癌劑，它能和dna及蛋白質等生物大分子形成加合物（ adduct ） ，其引起的與突變有關的主要dna損傷類型是o ~ 6 -甲基鳥嘌呤，這種損傷與腫瘤尤其是胃癌的發生密切相關。The department of ecology and biodiversity of the university of hong kong has been appointed to carry out the 2001 - 02 programme. the main aspects of monitoring include sampling of marine benthic animals, analysing bird population data, habitat extent and conditions. cross reference will be made to environmental data such as mudflat sedimentation, water quality, sediment quality and land use changes
香港大學的生態學及生物多樣化學系，獲委派進行二零零一至零二年度的計劃，主要監測范圍包括抽樣調查海洋底棲動物、分析鳥類種群數據、生境分佈及狀況；亦會參考相關的環境數據，例如泥灘的沉積情況、水質、沉積物的質素、土地用途改變等，作為對照。This paper briefly reviews the possible effects of climate change on avian biology and ecology all over the world, with emphasis on new findings from several long - term studies in europe and north america, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how long - term changes in climate affect birds at both individual and population levels
根據全球范圍內氣候變化對鳥類影響的研究資料，尤其是北美和歐洲的一些長期研究項目的成果，綜述了氣候變化對鳥類分佈范圍、物候、繁殖和種群動態變化等方面的可能影響。Unusually low bird density is due to many years of habitat degradation that has removed trees, eroded soils, and maintained grass - shrub cover over most of the island
不尋常的低鳥類密度是因為多年的生境惡化。島上大部分的地方只維持著草地灌木叢土壤流失和沒有樹木生長的狀態。The effect of patchy - distribution of mangrove on birds was complexity. its increased habitat heterogeneity can attract some different type birds. however, its result of fragmetating mangrove habitat decreased the species diversity and population size of birds
紅樹林斑塊分佈對鳥類影響比較復雜，一方面斑塊生境異質性高，可以吸引不同類型鳥類，另一方面又導致了紅樹林生境的破碎化，減少了鳥類的活動空間，從而導致鳥類種類和數量的減少。I studied the factors that influence avian community organization in zuojia narural protective reserve and dagang forestry center in jilin province during the period between april to july, 200land 2002 ( and combine part data that collected in the same area since 1996 ). the contents include : the relationship between habitat and avian community ; the resource utilizatin among avian community ; the role of community organiger in avian community ; the influnence of habitat fragmentation onavian community organization
本人於2001年和2002年4 7月，在吉林省左家自然保護區和鎮賚縣大綱林場（結合本人1996年以來在左家地區的部分調查資料）對鳥類群落結構形成的因素進行了分析研究，研究內容包括：生境選擇與鳥類群落形成的關系；鳥類群落中的資源利用；群落組織者在群落中的作用；棲息地破碎化與鳥類群落結構的形成。There were more or less macrophage and mast cells in the lamina porpria connective tissue in trionyx ' s digestive tract. no microfold cells and lymphatic nodule were found in its digestive tract, which was different from mammal and avian
鱉消化道粘膜結締組織中分佈有數量不一的巨噬細胞和肥大細胞，但與哺乳類和鳥類不同，鱉消化道未出現微皺褶細胞（ microfoldcell ， m細胞） ，未見淋巴小結形戍。Lai also offers early morning bicycle tours that allow guests to take in the splendor of the lotus blossoms as they open. as you meander among the fragrant lotuses, listen to lai s discourses on local culture, industry, birds, dragonflies, bees, and edible wild plants. in the evenings, watch as the egrets return to their nests, and marvel at the beauty of the unfolding water lilies
賴梧桐還精心規劃另類田園之旅，所有住宿的遊客皆可騎著單車于清晨時分欣賞荷花從閉合到綻放的景緻，並於田野間閑逛，在蓮田花海芳香中聆聽賴梧桐以幽默的語調解說有關白河的人文產業文化，與鳥類蜻蜓蜜蜂野菜等各項知識。Huwentoxin - i ( hwtx - i ) is a polypeptide neurotoxin isolated from the crude venom of chinese bird spider selenocosmia huwena, a chinese bird - hunting spider defined as a new species of the family selenocosmia. its molecular weight is 3750 dalton
虎紋捕鳥蛛毒素- （ huwentoxin - ，簡成hwtx - ）是從我國捕鳥蛛新種虎紋捕鳥蛛（ selenocosmiahuwena ）粗毒中分離純化的一種多肽類神經毒素。Ample evidence shows that there have been apparent changes in avian population dynamics, life - history traits and geographic ranges in response to global climate change
已有大量研究結果表明，鳥類已經在種群動態變化、生活史特性以及地理分佈范圍等方面對全球氣候變化作出了相應的反應。分享友人