黑客形為 的英文怎麼說

So security and safeguarding of information on computer networks has become one of the most import problems, because of the diversity of network ' s connection, the asymmetry of terminal ' s distribution, the interconnection of computer and the attack of hacker, cracker and vicious software. it is more important for military ' s automation commanding network and banks whose network communicates sensitive data. thus we should apply sufficient safeguarding to these networks, otherwise the computer network will be useless, even jeopard the national security

但由於計算機網路具有連接形式多樣性、終端分佈不均勻性和網路的開放性、互連性等特徵，致使網路易受黑客、駭客、惡意軟體和其它不軌的攻擊，所以網上信息的安全和保密是一個至關重要的問題。對于軍用的自動化指揮網路和銀行等傳輸敏感數據的計算機網路系統而言，其網上信息的安全和保密尤為重要。因此，上述的網路必須有足夠強的安全措施，否則該網路將是個無用、甚至會危及國家安全的網路。

In this paper, the writer explores to make it clear for people to understand the criminal offence in conspiracy by untypical underworld society in four aspects including the conception and basic features of the untypical underworld society, the component elements of the criminal offence in conspiracy by untypical underworld society, the affirmation of such criminal offence and the penalty upon it, in the light of theoretical research and positive analysis. the conception of the untypical underworld society in china is summarized in comparison with the notion of " society ", " untypical underworld society " and the " features " of the untypical underworld society in china. the writer elaborates, when describing the features of the untypical underworld society, such features as " highly - organized ", that " there exists a sphere of influence in a certain district, or in a certain trade or profession, and illegal control is executed within the sphere of influence ", " with actual economic strength in pursuit of economic benefits ", " political infiltration into governmental organs with antagonism ", " decaying culture " and " the compatibility in the measures of criminal offence "

在論述黑社會性質組織的概念時，結合「社會" 、 「黑社會」的特點和我國黑社會性質組織中「性質」的來源，最後概括出我國黑社會性質組織的概念；在論述黑社會性質組織的特徵時，本文從黑社會性質組織所具有的「比較高的組織化程度」 、 「在某一地區或某些行業具有一定的勢力范圍，並在該范圍內形成非法控制」 、 「以追求經濟利益為主要目的，具有一定的經濟實力」 、 「對政府的滲透，政治上的對抗性」 、 「文化上的腐朽性」 、 「犯罪手段上的兼并性」等方面進行闡述，特別是在「對政府的滲透，政治上的對抗性」採用大篇幅論述，並提出國家工作人員的「保護傘」既包括「包庇」又包括「縱容」 ，特別是在「縱容」方面提出了一些新的觀點；在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪構成特徵時，從犯罪的主體、侵害的客體、犯罪的客觀方面、主觀方面進行了詳細敘述;在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪的認定時，主要從黑社會性質組織與相關范疇的界限、黑社會性質組織罪的司法認定兩個方面來進行的;在論述黑社會性質組織犯罪的刑事處罰時，提出了對各種組織、領導、參加黑社會性質組織行為的處罰原則，並對提高該罪的量刑幅度及增設財產刑提出了立法建議。

There is the intellectual transition between the not knowing and the knowing. there is the intellectual transition between the standstill and the flexible, the intellectual transition between the ontological and the epistemological. there is the intellectual transition between the subjectivity and the objectivity, the intellectual transition between the conceptual form and the material form, the intellectual transition between its individual f orm and its social form

本文認為，知識轉化的形式是多維度的：有知與無知的轉化、知識的靜態和黑龍江大學博士學位論文一動忐的轉化、知識的主體性和客觀性的轉化、知識的觀念形態和物質形慫的轉化、知識的個體形態和社會形態的轉化、知識的同化、進化和異化的轉化。