above ground structure 中文意思是什麼
above ground structure
解釋
地面建築物-
An omnidirectional ultra - wideband monopole antenna, with the characteristics of simple structure, easy fabrication and low cost, mainly comprises a ground plane, a u - shaped radiating member above the ground plane and a feeding member
一種可提供超寬頻操作頻帶之全向性超寬頻單極天線，其具有結構簡單、製作簡單以及成本低廉的特性。 -
Based on the above conclusions about anti - erosive vegetation structure, the paper expounds the implication of anti - erosive vegetation by pointing out the fault of its current definitions, and it is considered that anti - erosive vegetation should aim at protecting soil from erosion and fixing active sands in the eroded areas, ground space fully occupied by plants, in general with close structure, especially with outstanding coverage close to ground by organic matter ( litter and / or biomass )
在上述結論的基礎上，本文通過指出現有防蝕植被定義的缺陷，論述了其涵義，認為防蝕植被應當是在侵蝕地區，以防止土壤侵蝕或以固沙為目的，植物充分佔據地面空間，一般具緊密結構，或者顯著具有有機體（枯落物以及生物量）貼地面覆蓋特徵的植被。 -
The research object in this text is the actual project - - the mansion of yatingyuan ( 40 layers above the ground, 125. 4 meter high ). the structure - design is by satwe and the analysis of the structure dynamic characteristic and earthquake response by sap2000, whose calculation models are set up according to the actual size of the structure. in satwe, the analysis model of beam and column is simulated by frame - element, slab is plane - element, shear - wall is wall - element and slab is infinitely rigid in the internal and zero in the external ; in sap2000, beam and column is frame - element, slab and shear - wall is shell - element and slab is elastic floor
本文以實際工程項目? ?雅庭園商業中心大廈（地面以上40層，建築總高度為125 . 4米）為研究對象，結構設計採用satwe ，結構的動力特性和地震反應分析採用sap2000 。結構satwe和sap2000分析的計算模型均按結構的實際尺寸建立， satwe分析模型的樑柱採用桿元模擬，樓板用薄壁殼元模擬和剪力墻用墻元模擬，樓板平面內無限剛、平面外剛度為零； sap2000分析模型的樑柱採用桿元模擬，樓板和剪力墻用殼元模擬，樓板為彈性板。 -
This paper will study under layered real - time scheduling problem, which is based on the theory of mas ( multi - agent system ). first, we research the structure model of mars, then an uniform model based on han ( hierarchical agent networks ) is proposed, which can unify all sorts of model ; second, the communication model of mars has been studied, then we propose high level communication model and under layered network topology model, and they are the same with mars ; three, ground on above, a real - time cimunication protocol for mars - - - - - rtcmr has been presented. in this paper, we study the under layered real - time scheduling protocol of rtcmr, which include real - time process scheduling and real - time message scheduling
本文首先研究了多智能體機器人系統結構模型，提出了多層次智能體網路一體化模型，該模型對各種結構模型分類進行了統一；然後對多智能體機器人系統的通信模型進行了研究，提出了適用於mars的高層通信模型和底層網路拓撲；在此基礎上，提出了基於多智能體機器人系統的實時通訊協議? ? rtcmr ，本文對rtcmr的底層調度協議進行了研究，包括實時任務調度和實時報文調度，提出了sp ts協議系統，建立了sp ts演算法的數學理論模型， sp ts協議系統在實現了實時任務的絕對時限保證的同時也實現了底層實時報文傳輸的絕對時限保證，實現了實時任務調度和實時報文調度的統一，最後，提出了基於sp ts協議的spp tsp統一控制結構，並給出了該結構的統一調度petri網模型。 -
The project of general hospital has construction area of 21054 square metre, there are 1 store under the ground and 12 stores above, the engineering is the frame structure with 49 meters high. this project honor the state construction engeneering lu ban award
總醫院門診樓工程:建築面積21054平方米，框架結構，地下1層，地上12層，建築物總高度49米，地下6米，本工程榮獲國家建築工程魯班獎 -
We have the following results through simulation and experiments : i ) turbulent structure constant of atmosphere decreases with altitude ; ii ) turbulence induced power scintillation decreases with the optical wavelength ; iii ) scintillation of space - to - ground optical propagation is smaller than that of horizontal optical propagation ; iv ) power scintillation of space - to - ground optical propagation increases with wavelength ; results above are accord with existent theory. what ' s more, the last result discovers a new rule
通過對數學模型和模擬結果的分析，得到以下結論： a ）大氣湍流結構常數隨海拔高度的增加而迅速減小； b ）由湍流引起的光功率閃爍與波長呈反比； c ）空-地激光通信的光功率閃爍小於地面水平傳輸的閃爍； d ）空-地激光通信的光功率閃爍與波長呈正比；上述結果與理論保持一致。 -
Regard county, district unit of one grade of administrations as unit of counting, carry on land spend multi - level space - time dynamic change study, analyze 1986 - 2001 the land utilizes the quantity change all - sidedly, the land utilizes the space change of structure. through analyze article draw following meaningful conclusion while being above - mentioned : ( l ) district this one year, hit land utilize and take place the change by a large margin, and there are obvious regional differences one year. display it in the following several points concretely : land use pattern change a heavy one field, traffic land used for and cultivated land secondly most, residential area and land used for industrial and mining, utilize ground and forest land again, and water areas rate of change minimum
以縣、區級行政單元為統計單元，進行了土地利用多層次時空動態變化研究，全面分析了1986 - 2001年間土地利用數量變化、土地利用結構空間變化、土地利用景觀結構動態變化、土地利用程度變化、土地利用變化的區域差異等動態變化過程和土地利用變化規律，並應用數理統計和綜合模糊評判方法，利用社會統計軟體spss 、數學軟體包mathcad9 . 0定量的建立了土地利用變化的驅動力模型和預測模型，運用預測模型對本區土地利用類型進行了預測，並針對各驅動因素的地區差異，進行了驅動力分區。 -
The word " work " means the engineering, design ( including, but not limited to, primary design, extended preliminary design and preparation of detailed design and construction drawings ), construction ( including, but not limited to, early work, site setting out, earth back filling works, sub - structure works, civil works, above - ground works, installation and testing ) and construction management services to be performed by the development manager and subcontractors pursuant to the provisions of this contract and a written authorization, and as modified from time to time in accordance with the provisions of this contract, and includes all designs, drawings, plans, means, methods, techniques, sequences and procedures and, unless expressed to the contrary in this contract, all materials, tools, utilities, labor, equipment services, licenses, permits, tests, warranties, guarantees, transportation and other items and facilities of every kind necessary for the complete performance of this contract
「工程」一詞應指由開發管理人和分包商根據本合同的規定和書面授權書執行的工程、設計（包括但不限於初步設計、擴初設計以及深化設計圖和施工圖的準備） 、施工（包括但不限於前期工作、現場布局、回填土工程、次結構工程、市政工程、地上工程、安裝和測試）及施工管理服務，該等服務可根據本合同的規定被不時修訂，並包括所有的設計、圖紙、計劃、手段、方法、技術、工序和程序以及，除非合同中有相反規定，所有的材料工具、設施、工人、設備服務、執照、許可證、測試、保證、擔保、交通以及其他為圓滿執行本合同所需要的各種物品和設施。 -
A certain thickness of sand cushion of a certain size or gradation is paved between the foundation and ground in this new method. when earthquake happens the sand cushion will have plastic shearing strain, reducing the input of high frequency volume, thus consume the earthquake energy form substrate. it is showed in shaking table experiments that there is relevant slippage between foundation and sand cushion, which can prevent the seismic energy from being passed to the above structure and thus reduced the seismic role for the above structure
在建築物的基礎與地基之間鋪設一定厚度、某種單一粒徑或級配砂墊層，在地震作用時砂墊層發生的塑性剪切變形，減少地震波高頻分量的輸入，從而消耗了下層傳來的地震能量；振動臺試驗表明，當振動發生時，基礎與砂墊層之間有明顯的滑移產生，這就對地震能量向上部結構的傳遞起到了隔斷作用，因而對上部結構起到了減震作用。
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