adjoint function 中文意思是什麼
adjoint function
解釋
伴隨函數-
The numerical algorithm of solving the adjoint equations for different design cases have been developed by using finite volume methodology which is usually used to solve the flow governed equation. it includes the some important aspects, such as flux formulation, wall and far - field boundary treatment methodology, dissipative term formulation, etc. after the solution of the adjoint equations is obtained, the derivatives of the cost function with respect to all the design variables can be evaluated with the same operation. this can yields a significant saving over the other gradient - based techniques when there are many design variables
（ 3 ）進行了應用控制理論和三維歐拉方程的機翼氣動反設計研究，以及有升力約束情形下機翼跨音速減阻問題研究，分別推導了相應的共軛方程及邊界條件數學表達形式，研究與發展了三維共軛方程的有限體積數值求解方法，及相應梯度公式的數值求解方法，通過對計算網格生成、流場計算、共軛方程數值求解、梯度求解和優化演算法等多方面的有效結合，成功發展了三維機翼的氣動反設計和跨音速減阻優化設計程序，成功地進行了多個設計算例研究。 -
The results of numerical experiments, using the four - dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model mm5, show that : the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the " on - off " switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first - order information to the nlm perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure ; switching on and off at every other time step in the kuo cumulus parameterization scheme do n ' t impact the convergence rate of cost function ; the existence of the switches do n ' t impact improvement to the mm5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity, but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model
非靜力中尺度數值模式mm5的四維變分資料同化系統進行的數值試驗結果表明： 「開關」變量保持與基態一致，所構造的切向線性模式能夠提供關于非線性模式擾動的一階近似，伴隨模式所計算的梯度值能夠為最小化過程提供較好的下降方向；郭氏降水參數化方案中對流每隔一個積分步的交替發生並不影響目標函數最小化的收斂速度； 「開關」變量的存在也不影響將風、溫度、氣壓和比濕結合起來同化對mm5降水預報準確性的提高。 -
Adjoint function algorithms and direct collocation and nonlinear programming methods are applied to resolve the non - coplanar optimal orbit transfers problem
分別利用了共軛函數法與直接配置和非線性規劃方法對異面最優變軌問題進行了求解。 -
The adjoint of a c - cosine operator function and its subgenerators
餘弦運算元函數的對偶及其次生成元的性質 -
The characteristic approximation is used to handle the convection part along the direc - tion of fluid namely characteristic direction to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion ; the mixed finite element spatial approximation is employed to deal with diffusion part and approximate the scalar unknown and the adjoint vector function optimally and simultaneously ; in order to preserve the integral conservation of the method, we introduce the modified characteristic method
該方法對方程的對流部分沿流體流動的方向即特徵方向離散以保證格式在流動的鋒線前沿逼近的高穩定性，消除數值彌散現象；對方程的擴散部分採用最低次混合有限元方法離散、同時以高精度逼近未知函數及未知函數的梯度；為保證方法的整體守恆性，在格式中引入修正項 -
The new method is a combination of characteristic approximation to handle the convection part, to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion, a smaller time truncation is gained at the same time, and a mixed finite element spatial approximation to deal with the diffusion part, the sealer unknown and the adjoint vector function are approximated optimally and simultaneously
此方法即為對方程的對流項沿流體流動的方向即特徵方向進行離散，從而保證格式在流動鋒線前沿逼近的高穩定性，消除了數值彌散現象，並得到了較小的時間截斷誤差；另一方面，對方程的擴散項採用混合元離散，可同時高精度逼近未知函數及其伴隨向量函數，理論分析表明，此方法是穩定的，具有最優的l ~ 2逼近精度。 -
Adjoint method provides an efficient tool to calculate the gradient vector of the cost function to the initial field
利用伴隨方法，可以求出該度量函數關于初始場的梯度向量。 -
In the two - substance attenuate consistency problem, by means of constituting the compulsive convection function of diffusion process, as well as integrating adjoint function, the adjoint variational principle and its finite element method of two - substance attenuate consistency are deduced, and all kinds of dynamic conditions and their variational expressions are discussed
在二組元稀薄濃度問題中，通過構造擴散過程的強制對流項並結合伴隨運算元的有關理論推導了二組元稀薄濃度問題的伴隨變分原理及其有限元方法，同時討論了擴散問題的各類動力條件及其變分表達式。
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