advantage ratio 中文意思是什麼
advantage ratio
解釋
有利比-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Practice proves that compared with previous schemes, this method has advantage of a higher property of anti - jamming, better reliability, higher cost / benefit ratio and richer under - well information
實踐證明，該硬體方案與以往方案相比，具有抗干擾能力強、可靠性高、性價比高等優點，並可提供更豐富的井下信息。 -
This dissertation believes that comparative advantage strategy is not out of date but needs innovation and development, and that china ' s transformation of foreign tr ade structure should be based on the comparative advantage strategy in the sense of " com parative utility - price ratio " and the endogenous comparative advantage strategy
本文認為：比較優勢理論並沒有過時，但需要創新與拓展，中國對外貿易結構的轉換必須基於以「相對效用價格比」定義的比較優勢概念與內生比較優勢理論。本文正是以此為基礎展開分析的。 -
Begin with the comparation of two widely used methods producing the strontium titanate, the oxalate decomposition method shows its advantage hi the microstructure and future performance. the effect of caco3 is studied, and so is the effect of the donor dopant, such as nb2o5, y2o3 and la2o3. the dopant of tio2 is also considered, which involve ti / sr ratio, sintering temperature, oxygen partial pressure, donor dopant, grain growth and future electric performance
從對比草酸鹽分解法和固相合成法這兩種制備srtio _ 3主晶相的方法開始，在予合成料的制備過程中分析了施主nb _ 2o _ 5 、 y _ 2o _ 3 、 la _ 2o _ 3以及caco _ 3所產生的影響；在tio _ 2摻雜的問題上，綜合考慮了ti / sr比、燒結溫度、氧分壓、施主摻雜、晶粒的微觀生長與成瓷后的元件宏觀電性能等之間的相互關系。 -
Moreover, portions of key systems are imported with original packaging, and the company has a great advantage in price performance ratio
分核心器件採用歐美原裝進口，性價比具有很大的優勢。 -
Considering of the above advantages and the problem of water shortage, the area b should be adopted. ( 2 ) filtration irrigation accelerated the growth of the individual maize plants. the area b and c have good basement of photosynthesis and advantage of growth which was good for increasing the seeds > yield and photosynthesis, eventually to reach a high yield and high seed ratio
從葉位、全株葉面積和株高來看，滲灌b 、 c區較滲灌a和漫灌d都有良好的光合作用基礎和生長發育優勢，這種株型有利於籽粒產量的增加，群體光合作用增加，籽粒積累增加，最終的產量都達到10000kg hm ~ 2以上的高產量和81以上的出籽率。 -
With the very low water to cement ratio, rpc has ultra - high strength high ductility and low permeability. in this paper, the compressive strength of rpc can reach to a high point with the number approximately 135mpa. as illustrated from the study results, we can approve some fundamental conclusions : there are big effects on rpc with deferent kinds and properties of raw materials and deferent curing conditions ; stress - strain curve shows the process of destroy with rpc samples ; x - ray diffraction analysis indicates that heat treatment at temperatures 90 accelerate the hydration of rpc sharply, therefore, mechanical and microstructural properties of rpc are highly dependent on heat treatment ; it is believed that rpc materials have excellent resistance to chloride permeability ; during the heat treatment, the shrinkage of rpc developed quickly because of chemical reactions ; the rpc with slag mostly has the advantage of rpc without slag about resistance to solutions corrosion
研究結果表明：通過對rpc各組分摻量變化的研究，可以找到rpc的最優配合比；試件成型后的熱養護制度對rpc的性能影響巨大； rpc的抗壓應力?應變曲線可以反映出試件受破壞時微裂紋的擴展情況，剛纖維的摻入可以大幅改善rpc的韌性； rpc在成型后存在較大的收縮，而其中的化學收縮要遠遠大於乾燥收縮； rpc具有很強的抗氯離子滲透性能，漿體的密實度很高；通過x射線衍射實驗，可以發現rpc的膠凝體中ch晶體已經幾乎不存在，膠凝體主要由c - s - h凝膠和未水化水泥顆粒組成；在抗溶液侵蝕的實驗中，摻礦渣rpc的抗溶液侵蝕性能在絕大多數情況下要好於不摻礦渣試件，酸、堿溶液和浙江工業大學碩士學位論文摘要一些鹽溶液都會對rpc的結構產生侵蝕作用，但是機理各有不同。 -
In this paper, we have discussed the influences of supply air temperature, supply air quantity, supply air turbulence, as well as mixing ratio of supply unit. all of above parameters are important for the extension of the adjacent zone. consideration of all the parameters is essential for a good system design which can ensure the advantage of displacement ventilation
本文研究了各種送風參數對鄰接區的大小的影響，結果表明：送風溫差、送風量、送風湍流度以及送風口的摻混量等因素對其都有重要影響，在設計時必須仔細平衡這些因素，確定合適的送風口和送風參數，才能使設計更加合理，充分發揮出置換通風系統的優勢。 -
Laser drilling is one of the most important and wide - used method of the recent laser processing. in the recent years, with the raise of the microhole processing quality, all kinds of traditional microhole processing method ca n ' t meet the need of the depth - diameter ratio. as laser drilling can do it, it is already the most attentive processing method. this paper introduces all kinds of drilling method, advantage and disadvantage, the superiority of the laser drilling and the laser drilling system
激光打孔是目前小孔加工中不可缺少而且應用廣泛的激光加工方法之一。近年來，隨著對微孔加工質量要求的提高，傳統的微孔加工方法已不能滿足微孔加工深徑比要求。而激光加工可以滿足許多加工的特殊要求，因此它已成為小孔加工中最為人們所重視的加工方法。 -
But currently our country " s financing system is entangled with the following problems : 1 ) the resources of fund supply are monopolized by the bank loans ; 2 ) the big four state - owned banks provide too few loans to msfs ; 3 ) the allotment of loans between different msfs is unbalanced mostly at state - owned msfs advantage ; 4 ) the financing funds from the internal and external firms are disproportioned and the ratio of debt to asset is too high ; 5 ) the capital market is almost closed to msfs and they have no qualification of bond issuance
而在我國目前的融資體制下，特許加盟企業存在著如下融資問題:資金供給渠道單一，主要是銀行貸款為主的間接融資:大型商業銀行對中小企業貸款份額較小:信貸融資在不同所有制中小企業之間的配置不均衡，銀行貸款偏重於國有和集體企業;企業內源融資渠道不暢，來自企業留存利潤部分的融資比例不高;直接來源的有效資金供給不足，尚沒有為中小企業服務的正規資本市場，中小企業發行債券受到限制。 -
Taking advantage of ceramic wheel with high - quality diamond and cbn abrasive can achieve high sharpness, precision, grinding ratio and durability, which greatly exceed a traditional wheel and resin binder wheel
採用高品質鉆石cbn磨料之瓷質法砂輪，可達高銳利度高精度高研削比高耐用性，大大超越傳統砂輪樹脂法結合劑砂輪。 -
Doing the further research on the division frequency stack on the foundation of study of predecessor, at first the residual moveout correction is done to the seismic record, make the phase axle regularity, doing foundation for the same phase stack ; then carried on division scale processing by wavelet transform ; spectrum whitening is done to each scale, the high and low frequency band need to do prolongs, the middle frequency bands only increase the value of the frequency spectrum ; several kinds of methods that estimate the value of signal - noise ratio has been studied further, and summarize their advantage and disadvantage as well as the scope of application ; the seismic record after spectrum whitening is stacked by weighting with the value of the signal - noise ratio ; then estimate the value of signal - noise ratio which is each scale section after stacking, the scale that the signal - noise ratio is big is assigned big weighting, otherwise, the scale that signal - noise ratio value is small is assigned small weight ing, and carried on weighted reconstruct to each scale section
本文在前人研究的基礎上，在分頻疊加方面做了進一步的研究。首先對地震記錄進行剩餘時差校正，校齊同相軸，為同相疊加做好基礎工作；然後對地震記錄用小波變換的方法進行分尺度處理；對各個尺度分別做譜白化，對于高、低頻段需要做頻帶延拓，中間頻段僅提升頻譜值；對于幾種信噪比定量估計的方法進行了深入的研究，並且總結了它們的優缺點以及適用范圍；對譜白化后的地震記錄用信噪比估計值作為加權系數進行加權疊加；對于各尺度的疊加剖面也進行信噪比估計，對于信噪比大的尺度給予大的加權系數，反之，信噪比值小的尺度給予小的加權系數，對各尺度疊加剖面進行加權重構。 -
All the works are made by selectively usage of the systematic strategic management theories and methods, including pest macro environment analysis theory, porter ' s " five forces " model, industry cycle theory, market structure theory, strategic group analysis, competitive advantage framework and composition theory of the created value by enterprises, financial ratio analysis, value chain analysis, bcg matrix, swot analysis, strategy clock
本文在研究過程中使用了pest宏觀環境分析理論、波特的「五力」模型、產業周期理論、市場結構理論、戰略群體分析、競爭優勢框架及企業創造價值的構成理論、財務比率分析、價值鏈模型、波士頓矩陣、 swot分析、戰略鐘等理論和方法。力求透徹分析從而得出正確的結論。 -
( 3 ) the most principal factors that influence the supersonic atomization process include the flow ratio of the gas - liquid metal ( gmr ) value, the flow of atomizing of gas and the range of the inverse vortex taper. the more of the value of three factors, the more advantage they are for the atomization and the more fine the powders are. ( 4 ) the produced powders are the best in efficient atomization efficiency, particle diameter, particle shape and dispersion when the solder alloy is zhl63a, atomizing medium is n2, the protrusion h = 6. 0mm, atomizing gas pressure p = 100mpa, over - heat temperature t = 167 ( t = 350 )
研究結果表明： （ 1 ）超音速霧化器的氣體流場在導液管下端形成一個倒渦流錐，在二維空間上呈軸對稱的雙峰分佈，負壓形成於這個倒渦流錐內； （ 2 ）修正後的霧化氣體速度公式可以滿足超音速霧化的要求； （ 3 ）影響超音速霧化工藝最根本的因素有氣液質量流率比（ gmr ）的大小、霧化氣體流量和倒渦流錐范圍，三個因素的值越大，對形成細粉越有利； （ 4 ）在焊錫合金為zhl63a ，霧化介質微n _ 2 ，導液管突出高度取h = 6 . 0mm ，霧化氣體壓力取p = 1 . 0mpa ，合金過熱度取t = 167 （ t = 350 ）時，所制得的粉末在有效霧化率、顆粒球形度、粒度及其離散度三個方面綜合性能最好。 -
Because of modis predominant space and spectral differentiate rate, it ’ s has been broadly applied to various field, in the aspect of snow monitoring, modis has been successfully using a normalized difference snow index ( ndsi ) to provide global automated binary maps of snow cover. the ndsi is a spectral ratio that takes advantage of the spectral difference of snow in short - wave infrared and visible spectral bands, although it has higher precision, it can only discern one pixel to snow or other features, can not satisfy accurate drainage basin snow cover mapping and snow parameter extracting
Modis數據因其優越的空間解析度、波譜解析度，已被廣泛的運用於各個領域，在積雪監測方面，已成功地運用歸一化差分雪蓋指數（ ndsi ）製作每天的全球雪蓋分布圖， ndsi是基於雪對可見光與近紅外波段的反射特性和反射差相對大小的一種測量方法，然而它只能將一個像元辨別為積雪或非積雪，滿足不了高精度應用要求。 -
While the scientific technology developing at a tremendous speed, the level of hydro - generator manufacturing is increasing. now the f - class insulation standard for generator is adopted, and cad for hydraulic design has spread, and advanced theory in hydraulic design is applied, and insulation materials are discovered, and precise processing techniques are under research. in the hydroelectric industry it ' s necessary to increase the generating units " installed capacity to take advantage of an old power plant and to raise the utilization ratio of water power energy
隨著科學技術的飛速發展，水力發電機的生產製造水平日益提高， f級絕緣在電機中的運用；計算機cad輔助水力設計的推廣，先進的水力設計理論的應用，新的電氣絕緣材料的發現，精密的加工工藝的研究，為了提高水能利用率，使老電站煥發青春，機組增容改造已是水電事業發展中一項不容忽視的工作。 -
Quality aspect : because of the sacd oneself fixed position and 1 ratio the measure the dsd the chien s of direct data at technique with the advantage, after experienced stereo set of majority develop a fever the friend to through of ear hear, the subjective felling all think the sacd on the quality slightly. because of but the many friend of stereo set field all think, if the set set up the family the to permit the hi - fi, dvd - audio the but if in regard to play the true music of high is lord, special therefore pursue the quality the tone color of to true to pure for the purpose s friend, the sacd is your ideal choice
音質方面：由於sacd自身的定位以及1比特量化dsd直接數據流在技術方面的簡潔和優勢，大多數資深的音響發燒友經過親耳聆聽后，主觀感覺都認為sacd在音質上略勝一籌。因而音響界許多朋友都認為，若組建家庭影院兼容hi - fi ， dvd - audio應該是首選。但若以玩高保真音樂為主，特別是以追求音質音色的至真至純為目的的朋友而言， sacd是您理想的選擇。 -
Wavelet has good localizing quality at time domain and frequency domain simultaneously and the characteristic of multi - resolution ratio analysis, so it can fulfill all kinds of wave - filtering needs such as low - pass, high - pass, sink wave, random noise denoising. compare with readitional wave - filtering methods, wavelet has incomparable advantage. wavelet has become an effective means of signal analysis and is intituled as math microscope of signal analysis
小波分析由於在時域頻域同時具有良好的局部化性質和多解析度分析的特點，因此不僅能滿足各種去噪要求如低通、高通、陷波、隨機噪音的去除等，而且與傳統的去噪方法相比較，有著無可比擬的優點，成為信號分析的一個強有力的工具，被譽為分析信號的數學顯微鏡。 -
The double - frequency laser interferometer belongs to the heterodyne interferometer. it has been proved that this kind of interferometer possesses the advantage of having a higher transform gain, better wave - filter capacity and high spatial resolution. furthermore, this kind of interferometer can filter out background light interference and obtain a measuring signal with high signal / noise ratio
雙頻激光干涉儀是一種外差干涉儀，理論分析證明：外差干涉具有高的轉換增益、良好的濾波性能及優異的空間鑒別能力，能有效地濾除各種背景光干擾，得到信噪比很高的測量信號。 -
The advantage of low molecular ratio electrolyte is supercor to the disadvantage of it
低分子比電解質雖然有一定的缺點，但優點遠遠大於其缺點。
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