apoplast 中文意思是什麼

apoplast 解釋
非原質體，質外體
  1. Our previous studies showed existence of apoplast cam in the plant cell and cam had many extracellular functions. so it supposed cam may be one of important extracellular polypeptides and trigger the intracellular signal transduction by binding the receptor. in this study, radiolabelled ligand is used to investigate the binding characteristic of cam and a. thaliana protoplasts. and chemical crosslinking is employed to explore binding proteins in the membrane. at first, ( 35 ) ~ s - cam was produced using ( 35 ) ~ s - labeled amino acid mixture in e. coli. sds - page and autoradiograph indicated high - purified, high - specific radioactivity ( 35 ) ~ s - cam was obtained. electrophoresis of ( 35 ) ~ s - cam is the same as that of unlabeled cam with ca ~ ( 2 + ) or egta ; a quatitive of protoplasts was prepared by enzymolysis

    首先，用~ （ 35 ） s標記的氨基酸混合物喂養工程菌成功地制備了~ （ 35 ） s標記的擬南芥鈣調素（ ~ （ 35 ） s - cam ） ， ~ （ 35 ） s - cam純度高、放射活度高、 ca ~ （ 2 + ）與egta存在時的電泳行為與未標記cam相同，可作為一種高靈敏性的探針用於進行受體學分析實驗；用擬南芥種子誘導愈傷，通過酶解制備了大量原生質體。
  2. Biotic or abiotic stimuli can first cause the alteration in apoplastic signaling system ; on the other hand, apoplast provides a convenient pathway for cell - cell communication, and therefore plays a key role in regulation of cell differentiation, organ genesis, and growth development of plants

    當植物遭受生物或非生物環境刺激時，可能首先引起質外體信號系統的變化；同時質外體作為植物細胞之間最方便的通道，在細胞間信號傳遞和信息交流上起重要作用，從而成為協調植物細胞分化、器官形成和整體生長發育的決定性因素之一。
  3. To get in vivo evidences that apoplast calmodulin con 1d regulate plant growth and development process, a chimeric secretion form of calmodulin binding peptide, which contains a signal peptide, a calmodulin binding domain and a c - myc epitope was constructed. the chimeric gene was introduced into arabidopsis. it was expected that the overexpression of this chimeric protein could be secreted into cell wall and bound to apoplast calmodulin, which could reduce the apoplast calmoduin concentration to make an apoplast camodulin " antisense " plant. by observing the potential phenotype change of apoplast calmodulin " antisense " plant, the in vivo function of apoplast calmodulin on plant growth and developmental process could be speculated

    但這些多是採用生理學手段和藥理學方法而得出的體外（ invitro ）實驗結果，為了取得質外體cam在植物生長發育過程中發揮重要作用的invivo實驗證據，根據動物中的一些研究方法，本實驗設計並構建了帶有信號肽、 cam結合肽（ can小肽） 、 epitope （ c - myc ）融合基因的載體，並將融合基因通過真空滲入法轉入擬南芥，預期過表達的融合蛋白將會被分泌到細胞外並與質外體cam相結合，這樣就會抑制質外體cam的功能，從而可以構建質外體cam的「反義」植株，通過觀察質外體cam 「反義植株」的表型改變，就可以推斷質外體cam在植物生長發育過程中的功能。
  4. To guide the cam - binding peptide into apoplast space, the signal peptide from brassica campetris pollen coat protein slr1 ? ps was employed. it has total 26 amino acid, and is a very classic form of signal peptide

    為了把cam結合小肽帶到質外體，本實驗選擇了野生蕓苔屬植物（ brassicacampetris ）花粉胞壁蛋白slr1 - bps的信號肽。
  5. This work laid a foundation for elucidating the functions of ecbp21 by means of molecular biology. further studies about ecbp21 may be benefit to elucidating the mechanism of apoplast calmodulin or enriching

    本實驗結果也為利用分子生物學方法研究ecbp21的生物學功能奠定了基礎，並將有助於闡明胞外cam的作用機制及豐富植物質外體多膚的研究。
  6. The results obtained in our laboratory in the past decade years showed, apoplast calmodulin in plant kingdom may regulate a lot of growth and development process of plant, such as accelerating the proliferation of angelica dahurica suspension cells and the proplast cell regeneration, startup the pollen germination of many plants " pollen and accelerating the elongation of the pollen tube, stimulating the redox of corn root " s cell, inducing the expression of light independent rbss gene, and participating in the regulation of the restraining function of al ~ ( 3 + ) to pollen tube germination

    我室多年的研究結果表明，植物質外體cam可能做為多肽第一信使調節著植物體諸多的生長發育過程：如促進白芷懸浮細胞的細胞增殖和原生質體壁再生，啟動並促進多種花粉的萌發和花粉管的伸長，刺激玉米根細胞的氧化還原反應，誘導rbcs基因光不依賴的表達，以及參與調節胞外al ~ （ 3 + ）對花粉萌發的抑制效應等。
  7. The results indicted that ecbp21 is a kind of secretive protein and ecbp21 is an apoplast polypeptide

    由此進一步證實ecbp21確為一種質外體多膚。
  8. Gfp gene was also fused behind the signal peptide sequence to construct plasmid p3301ubisiggfp and transformed to tobacco. the results of fluorescent detection showed gfp localization in the apoplast

    Elisa結果顯示，馬鈴薯蛋白酶抑制劑基因的信號肽序列使crylac基因在轉基因煙草中的表達量顯著提高。
  9. These proteins are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom where they form a multiple genetic family. they have been suggested to be involved in dif ferent aspects of plant physiology and cell biology through their ability to bind and / or carry lipophilic compounds, including the formation of cutin by transporting the hydrophobic cutin monomers to the apoplast and the defence of plants against pathogens as antimicrobial agents and in flowering

    此外nsltp在植物體內廣泛存在並由一個基因家族編碼，由於它能結合和轉運脂類物質，因此推測它可能參與植物體內許多不同的生理過程，如轉運蠟質的角質單體到表皮細胞外側，作為抑菌蛋白抵抗病原菌的入侵以及花粉和柱頭的識別等。
  10. Apoplast is an important compartment outside of plasma membrane of the plant cell and is the source of various primary signals

    摘要細胞質膜以外的質外體是植物細胞的重要組成部分，質外體是植物細胞的重要信號源和細胞器。
  11. Calmodulin, as a versatile ca ~ ( 2 + ) sensor, plays many important biological functions. meanwhile, our previous experiments suggested that calmodulin exists in the apoplast of plant cells and has many physiological functions

    多年來，我室一系列研究表明植物細胞外普遍存在cam ，並且細胞外cam作為質外體多肽，發揮許多重要的生物學功能。
  12. In this work, the transgenic plants showed a tendency to accumulate less na + and more k + under saline condition than wild type plants and there was a high cytosolic k + / na + ratio in the roots of transgenic lines. 5. x - ray microanalysis of na +, k + contents of the symplast and apoplast showed that transgenic lines accumulate less na + and more k + in the symplast than wild type plants

    在對轉基因植株及野生型植株用100nunol lnaci處理六天後， na 」 、 k 」的x一射線微區分析，轉基因植株根、葉中質外體na 、 k十含量變化不大，但共質體中na十含量明顯降低，廣含量高於對照。
  13. In our laboratory, a series of experiments has provided evidence that the presence of cam in the apoplast area is universal, and extracellular calmodulin plays an important role in the plant growth and development as a polypeptide signal

    我室多年的研究證實植物細胞外也普遍存在cam ，並且可能作為一種多功能肽類信使在植物生長發育過程中發揮重要作用。
  14. The result also demonstrates that althought the apoplast ca2 + concentration is 10 - 10 times higher than that of the intracellular ca2 +, the activation of extracellular cam is regulated by ph duing signal transdction, vhich furthermore provides an important evident for the apoplast cam signal transdction mechanism

    這可能與不同物種及亞型的鈣調素本h的細v特點有關。更為重要的是，隨著ph的變化，兩種ca 1與ca 『的結合常數均隨ph降低而眸任。
  15. Our previous study suggested that the calmodulin ( cam ) existed in apoplast of plant cells and had various biological functions in plants. based on these studies, we put forward a view that the biological functions of extracellular c am m ay act a s a p olypeptide s ignal

    我室多年的研究工作不僅證實植物細胞外cam的普遍存在，而且表明細胞cam具有多種生物學功能，並提出了細胞外cam可能作為多功能肽類信使在植物生長發育中發揮生物學功能的觀點。
  16. In order to understand the apoplast cam gene and the relationship between the apoplast cam and cam isoforms, we intended to get transgenic plants harboring soybean calmodulin isoform genes ( scams ) fused to gfp as a reporter and study the subcellular localization of scams

    為了進一步利用分子生物學方法在基因水平上研究胞外cam的存在，同時研究胞外cam與cam亞型之間的關系，本論文利用綠色熒光蛋白（ gfp ）作為報告基因研究了大豆cam基因家族（ scams ）的亞細胞定位。
  17. The chimeric gene was introduced into arabidopsis through the method of vacuum infiltration which is widely used in arobidopsis tansformation. transgenic plants were screened by means of kanamycin resistance and further identified by genomic pcr and western blotting, through the phenotype observation of transgenic plants, the speculation that apoplast calmodulin may play a certain role in regulating the development and growth of plants was made

    最後，融合基因被插入二元載體plbj21 ，通過電擊法轉入農桿菌gv3101 ，真空滲入法轉入了擬南芥，轉基因擬南芥通過kan抗性篩選而得到，並進一步進行了基因組pcr鑒定和western雜交的鑒定。
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