approach-avoidance 中文意思是什麼
approach-avoidance
解釋
迴避沖突-
To ensure that every taxpayer will pay the correct amount of tax, ird will adopt a two - pronged approach. on the one hand, it will strengthen tax audit in tackling tax evasion and avoidance. on the other, ird will promote taxpayer education on the importance of filing correct returns
為確保每一個納稅人都依法繳付應繳的稅款，稅務局會雙管下，一方面全力打擊逃稅和避稅的行為，另一方面加強稅務教育，讓市民清楚明白正確報稅的重要性。 -
It tries to find out effective cross - cultural managerial skills through analyzing a variety of culture conflicts in a international hotel. the approach to this research is case study. detailed analysis of the culture conflicts in the case is carried out by applying contemporary cross - culture management theories and the conclusions of differences between chinese culture and western culture. in conclusion, this study gets to the following points : 1. western managers should learn to know some common phenomena when they think of cross - culture communication. 2. this research puts forward 3 kinds of feedback and ways to realize them to deal with the information distortion in the process of communication. 3. avoidance of perceptible mistakes. 4. considering the cultural influence on decisions and accommodating different leading and motivating measures to different persons. 5. choosing appropriate managing staff and launching effective cross - culture training to serve the purpose of cro ss - culture management. 6. localization.
本文選擇案例研究的方式，通過引入一個具體案例，運用中西方文化差異的廣泛共識性結論和當代跨文化管理理論，對案例中的文化沖突現象進行分析、探討，總結出跨國酒店在跨文化溝通中應認識中國文化背景下的一般性現象；通過運用溝通模型，進一步提出了減少溝通失真的三種反饋形式及實現方式；同時避免溝通中的知覺錯誤；在管理中注重文化對決策的影響，採取因人而異的領導方式和激勵方式。管理集團應注重選派合適的管理人員並開展有效的跨文化培訓，通過成功實現本地化來獲得跨文化管理的成功。 -
The point of the last minute action is a important method to evaluate the ships collision risk. it is a very important concept not only in navigation practice area, but also in the intelligent decision ? making system for ship collision avoidance. when from any cause, the two ships approach so close that collision can not be avoided by the action of the give ? ay vessel alone, the captain of the stand ? n vessel should take such action as will best aid to avoid collision
最晚施舵點是對船舶存在碰撞危險進行評價的一種重要手段。無論是在航海實踐中，還是在船舶避碰智能決策系統的研究中，都是一個非常重要的概念。當兩船接近到單憑讓路船的行動不能避免碰撞時，依照船長的判斷採取最有助於避碰的行動，不僅成為直航船的權利，也是直航船的義務。 -
In this paper, it is the first time via actual workspace analysis to propose a simple obstacle - avoidance approach based on initial configuration planning of the backbone curve for hyper - redundant robot
首次通過對基於脊線表達的平面超冗餘度機器人機構的實際工作空間的分析，提出了一種簡單的基於脊線初始位形規劃的避障方法。 -
Performance - approach goal students reported higher level of intrinsic motivation and performance in failure condition than performance - avoidance goal students, but the difference of anxiety level was no significant between two groups
2在失敗情境下，成績接近目標的學生比成績迴避目標的學生有更高的業績表現。但其焦慮度與成績迴避目標的學生無顯著差異。 -
The system of taxes - paying and self - restriction will be established, more and more enterprises give up tax fraud or tax avoidance and explore their way to increase benefits through legal approach
企業自覺申報納稅、自我約束的機制也必將建立起來，越來越多的企業放棄偷逃稅，尋求通過合法的途徑來增加自身利益。 -
Motivated by the practical requirements of robot path planning, a generalized constrained optimization problem gcop with not only logic and but also logic or relationships was proposed and a mathematical solution developed previously. this paper inherits the fundamental ideas of inequality and optimization techniques from the previous work, converts the obstacle avoidance problem into a semi - infinite constrained optimization problem with the help of the mathematical transformation, and proposes a direct path planning approach without cspace calculation, which is quite different from traditional methods. to show its merits, simulation results in 3d space have been presented
他們在早期的系列研究中： 1提出了更一般的非線性優化問題generalized constrained optimization problem ，簡稱gcop ，即約束間的邏輯關系不但有「與and 」的關系，而且還有「或or 」的關系，並給出了在實際應用中可行的數學求解方法2利用了計算機圖形學中的constructive solid geometry csg方法來構建障礙物的不等式表述3將計算機cad中的插值方法與優化理論結合半無窮維優化，克服了路徑規劃問題中的局部最小值問題。 -
The three factors were groups ( mastery goal, performance - approach goal, performance - avoidance goal ), two conditions ( success condition and failure condition ), grades ( grade 5 and 6 ). the results showed that, 1. the students of mastery goal reported the highest level of, performance but the lowest anxiety level in both conditions among three groups. 2
第一個因素為組別，有三個水平，分別為掌握目標、成績接近目標和成績迴避目標三組；第二個因素為成敗情境，兩個水平，分別為成功情境和失敗情境；第三個因素為年級，兩個水平，分別為5年級和6年級。
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