at-cost basis 中文意思是什麼
at-cost basis
解釋
收回成本的原則-
According to uruguay agricultural agreement and the rules of agricultural agreement between china and u. s. a, this paper based on the fact that china has just been one of the formal members of wto tries to judge the importance of china cotton production in world cotton production and trade, then tries to analyze the competitive abilities of henan cotton in producing, trade, supply and demand in china and world range by using the principle of comparable advantage. at the same time this dissertation compares the cost and revenue of cotton and other crops. on the basis of above analysis and investigation, this thesis 67 summarizes the chance and challenge after china ' s entering into wto, and put forward advice and countermeasures
本文立足於中國剛剛成為世界貿易組織正式成員的基本現實，根據烏拉圭回合《農業協議》的有關規定和《中美農業協議》的有關條款，通過對世界棉花生產、貿易和未來發展方向的分析，判斷中國棉花生產在世界棉花生產和貿易中的地位，然後利用比較優勢原理，分析河南棉花生產、貿易和供需在中國和世界范圍內的競爭力，在進一步比較了河南棉花生產在省內農產品中的成本收益情況，根據實際調查研究，總結河南棉花生產在入世后的機遇和挑戰，並且提出河南棉花生產進一步發展的思路和對策。 -
First. tl1e article discusses capital colltrol cthets in terms of tl1eon " al1d positivism, secondl }, on the basis of cost - retenue a11alysis oter capital control, the author explains wh " there are different altitudes tot ' ards capital col1trol in differcl1t countries ; at the el1d of tl1e chapter, the author analyses the shortcomings attacl1ed to tl1e fixcd exchange rate regil11e on tl1e basis of capital control. the fourth chapter discusses the other principle mechanisl1l - - - - lnarket tntertention l ' ron1 tl1e central bank
首先，本章在成本-效果框架內從理論和實證的角度考察了資本項目管制效力；然後，本章在提供了關于資本項目管製成本-收益的全面權衡框架的基礎上，分析了不同國家對資本項目管制態度存在差異的原因；最後，本章討論了資本項目嚴格管制條件下的匯率穩定問題，指出了資本項目嚴格管制條件下實行固定匯率制度的一系列弊端。 -
However, there is not a satisfactory basis for the cost management at present since the compiling of norms for aton maintenance is lagged behind. 6. database - this module offers service for basic database, basic information about material and code base of all kinds
6 、航標數據庫維護于系統：它主要負責維護航標基礎數據庫、物料清單、以及各種計算模型庫，並提供用戶方便、靈活、多條件的查詢、統計功能。 -
The difference between the historical cost basis of the assets and the value of the consideration paid of $ 79, 856 was treated as contributed capital in the consolidated balance sheet at december 31, 2003
資產的歷史成本和支付補償的價值之間的差額$ 79 ， 856被當做截止到2003年12月31日綜合資產負債表中的實繳資本。 -
Customized lightning services will be provided on a cost - recovery basis to special clients through a dedicated webpage. automatic audio and visual alarms will be triggered when lightning strikes occur within an area of interest centred at the client s pre - defined location
天文臺亦可為特殊客戶以專用網頁形式提供專門的閃電資訊服務，當雷暴進入客戶所設定的地區，網頁會自動發出影音訊號。 -
Article 16 where a business combination occurs at the end of the current period, if the fair values of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired in the combination or the cost of the business combination can only be determined temporarily, the acquirer shall recognize and measure the business combination on the basis of the temporarily determined values
第十六條企業合併發生當期的期末，因合併中取得的各項可辨認資產、負債及或有負債的公允價值或企業合併成本只能暫時確定的，購買方應當以所確定的暫時價值為基礎對企業合併進行確認和計量。 -
At - cost basis
收回成本的原則 -
Basis " executive detailed rules and regulations of labour insurance rules revises draft " the 16th, mix 18 times bureau of salary of original labor department on march 31, 1964 " be injured at work about worker disease or blame the disbursement of pay problem " formulary spirit, him worker is active standard pay under the enterprise of average wage, the disease of 6 months less than hurts false salary to still be plan hair base with him level pay ; the ill injury of 6 months above relieves cost under the enterprise average wage of 40, can press an enterprise 40 grants average wage, but if what get ill injury relieves cost amount prep above its are ill when hurting vacation pay, the amount that still should press disease to hurt vacation pay sends
根據《勞動保險條例實施細則修正草案》第16條、 18條和原勞動部工資局1964年3月31日《關于職工疾病或非因工負傷待遇的支付問題》規定精神，職工本人現行標準工資低於企業平均工資的， 6個月以內的病傷假工資仍以本人標準工資為計發基數； 6個月以上的病傷救濟費低於企業平均工資40的，可按企業平均工資40發給，但假如所領的病傷救濟費數額高於其病傷假期工資時，仍應按病傷假期工資的數額發給。 -
This paper used in system economics, political economics, western economic theories from different perspective : from the macro to explore inspection and quarantine system generation, the role of mechanisms, reform basis ; at the micro - from the cost, quantity effects of starting to explore the system of
本文採用制度經濟學、政治經濟學、西方經濟學等幾種經濟理論從不同角度分析:從宏觀上探討檢驗檢疫制度的產生、作用機制、改革依據;在微觀上從成本、數量效應方面出發，探討檢驗檢疫制度之中的壁壘問題對我國出口企業造成的不良影響。 -
Normally, the fee rate of our service is based on customized basis to offer best service at competitive cost
服務費率一般因文檔類型和難度而異，在確保一流服務質量的前提下，我們可提供具有競爭力的價格。 -
Based on the feature technology and object - oriented mechanism, we found the manufacture - oriented three levels ( namely part, feature and geometry ) model of mechanical part and the resource model ; secondly, we realize the concurrent design of mechanical part and process through decomposing cycle, and then we constitute the evaluation guidelines on the basis of evaluation strategy of levels, which carry out from two levels ( part and feature ) and four phases ( part rough evaluation, feature rough evaluation, feature detail evaluation and part general evaluation ) ; thirdly, we put forward some evaluation methods according the evaluation guidelines, which include the rule - based process evaluation method, rule - based and fuzzy evaluation - based method associated with resources, case - bas ed and feature - based cost estimation method ; at last, we give a manufacturing - oriented evaluation system of rotating mechanical part, which validate the evaluation guidelines and method of the dissertation useful and practical
以特徵技術為基礎，面向對象的編程機制為手段，建立了面向製造的三層次（即零件層、特徵層、幾何層）零件模型；同時進行了面向製造的資源建模。第二，通過細化循環，採用分層遞階的評價策略，分兩層（零件層和特徵層）四個階段（零件初評價、特徵初評價、特徵詳細評價和零件總體評價）建立可製造性評價指標；第三，以評價指標為基礎，分別提出了基於規則的結構工藝性評價方法、基於規則和模糊綜合評判定性和定量相結合的加工可行性評價方法、以及基於實例和特徵的加工成本估算方法；最後，以solidworks為開發平臺， vb6為編程工具，初步構建了面向製造的回轉類零件可製造性評價系統，它們驗證了本文評價指標和評價方法的實用性和可行性。 -
Aiming at the concrete need in srttep construction and embodying the managing theory of the combination of the prearranging programming and comprehensive control, the article proposes the cpm - based schedule operating program of srttep on the basis of the relationship among schedule program, cost and quality which thus realizes the close combination of schedule program and project control ; based on the comparative analysis of experience estimation method, factor estimation method, wbs estimation method and comparison estimation method, the cost controlling strategy is worked out that attaches importance to the srttep cost budget and market economy situation. meanwhile, comprehensive quality management theory is introduced in the project " s schedule program. aiming at subsidiary project bidding, equipment purchase, essential quality inspection, detailed quality insurance system and rules are worked out so as to achieve the goal of high - quality construction of srttep
（ 3 ）針對川塔項目施工建設具體需要，在充分體現項目事前規劃與全面控制相結合管理思想和所進行的項目wbs結構分解基礎上，基於項目進度? ?費用成本? ?質量三者之間的關系，提出了基於cpm關鍵路線法的川塔項目進度計劃制定方案，實現了進度規劃與控制的緊密結合；在對比分析經驗估演算法、因素估演算法、 wbs估演算法、類比估算等方法和技術基礎上，制定了側重於預算的川塔項目成本基本規劃方法，以及結合市場經濟情況的成本控制策略；同時將全面質量管理思想，引入了項目施工方案中，針對子項目招標、設備采購、重點質量監控點等設立了詳細的質量保障機制和細則，以確保達到工程優質建設的目標。 -
The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches
主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。 -
On the basis of collecting and processing many datum and materials. firstly. this paper analyzes main activities and cost constitutions of each stage of the life cycle of a fcs, and lay a foundation for later analysis and evaluation of system lcc. secondly, a basis method and usage range for estimating the system lcc are introduced. a multivariate linear regression model of pcs development cost and cost driven factor is built by use of the parametric method and supplies the base of cost estimation of newly - developed systems. thirdly, combine actual examples and make statistical analysis of lcc of a certain pcs developed by our institute, predict unhappened usage and service cost with grey prediction method, obtain proportion of each constitute to the lcc. forthly, according to actual conditions, use the fuzzy theory to overall evaluate efficacy of the fcs, fifthly, combimng our actual conditions, investigate specific measures of how to implement the life cycle cost management in our institute and put forward a new conception of developing web - based flight control system lcc management information system with pdm as the platform. at last, investigate important factors such as reliability and maintainability that may affect the life cycle cost of the fcs in detail, and put forward specific methods of lowering the life cycle cost of the fcs
論文在收集和整理大量資料的基礎上，首先深入分析了飛控系統壽命周期各階段的主要活動以及各階段的費用構成，為以後系統壽命周期費用的分析和評價奠定了基礎；其次，介紹了壽命周期費用估算的基本方法和使用范圍，並利用參數法建立了飛控系統研製費用與費用驅動因子的多元線性回歸模型，為新研系統的費用估算提供了依據；第三，結合實例對我所研製的某型飛控系統的壽命周期費用進行統計分析，運用灰色預測方法對未發生的使用及維修費用進行預測，得出了該系統的壽命周期費用以及各組成部分所佔比例；第四，根據實際情況，首次運用模糊理論對飛控系統的系統效能進行了綜合評價，構造了飛控系統系統效能模糊綜合評價模型；第五，結合我所實際，探討了如何在本單位實施加強壽命周期費用管理的具體措施，提出以pdm為平臺，開發基於web的飛控系統lcc管理信息系統的新構思；最後，對影響飛控系統壽命周期費用的重要因素如可靠性和維修性等進行了詳細地研究，提出了降低飛控系統壽命周期費用的具體方法。 -
Margins on domestic corporate and retail lending are slim, at about 100 basis points, while margins available in china would be much higher, especially given japan ' s low cost of capital
日本國內公司與零售銀行業務的利潤率微薄，大約在100個基點，而中國所能提供的利潤率要高得多，尤其在日本資本成本很低的情況下。 -
At first reviewing the history of strategy management ; on the basis of analyzing the external environment and industry competition situation of this enterprise and analyzing its advantages and disadvantages. internal abilities, the paper points out the suitable development strategy for this enterprise - - the single - crop farming strategy concentrating its attention on piston ' s research and development producing and selling ; it should take advantage of established market network and good reputation on brand and select the style of initiative attack market leader strategy as its basic strategy ; meanwhile, it suggests that the enterprise should cultivate its own new core competence in the field of the piston ' s researching & designing rely on japanese and german technique ; according to the specific product ' s marketing status, it should acquire and maintain competitive advantages by adopting the low cost strategy and differentia strategy on the different products ; quicken the product configuration adjustment, enlarge the productivity of diesel oil piston ; it should establish strategy cooperation partnership with those strong domestic and foreign main engine manufacture enterprises. finally, the paper gives suggestions on organization structure system innovation, human resource management and exploitation, market management, quality management, information construction in the course of the enterprise strategy being implemented
首先回顧了戰略管理理論的發展演變歷程；然後通過對該公司的宏觀環境、行業競爭態勢以及企業的優劣勢、內部能力等方面的分析，在此基礎上提出了適合該企業發展的戰略? ?專注于活塞產品的研製、開發、生產、銷售的單一經營戰略；充分發揮企業現有的在營銷、品牌方面的優勢，選擇積極進攻類型的市場領先者戰略作為其基礎戰略；並且提出了依託來自日本和德國的先進技術，培育企業在活塞產品設計、開發方面的新的核心競爭力的思路；根據產品市場的具體狀況在不同的產品線上分別採取成本領先及差異化戰略獲取和保持競爭優勢；加快產品結構調整，擴張柴油機活塞的生產能力；與實力強大的國內外主機企業建立戰略協作夥伴關系；最後對企業戰略實施中的組織機構、制度創新、人力資源管理與開發、市場營銷管理、質量管理、信息化建設等重要問題提出了自己的見解和建議。 -
This training module is jointly developed and delivered by the mba center of china agriculture university, about 60 representatives from the agri - food supply chain in the pilot project sites of sichuan santai, zizhong, pengzhou are invited to the training session on cost sharing basis. the training course is located at the training center of tie qi li shi group ltd for the purpose of case study, which is a previous counterpart of cida feed project
該培訓模塊是由加拿大國際發展署「小農」項目和中國農業大學經濟管理學院mba中心聯合開發並實施，大約有60名來自四川農產品供應鏈管理項目示範區三臺，彭州，資中的企業政府管理部門農民合作經濟組織和金融部門代表按照項目費用分擔的原則參加了這次培訓。 -
In the thesis, first, with the view to new institutional economics, the author researched the asset appraisal standards and deeply analyzed its character, function, making and etc. second, the author made a theory model of demand - supply, and then analyzed the affect factors on the demand and supply of assets appraisal standards so to find the reason of its imbalance. after that, the author studied the cost and profit of the making of assets appraisal standards as well as many affect factors, so that the profit will be the most on the conditions of fixing cost. at last, on the basis of theoretical analysis, the author brought forward some suggestive conclusion such as : reasonable location of standards making ; the process of making should be full played ; choose the china appraisal society as the organization of making the assets appraisal standards through the comparing of many institution of standards making ; consult to the foreign assets appraisal standards so as to lower the cost of standards making ; streng then the theoretical preparation of assets appraisal ; standards making should be in a long run ; making standards as early as ; strengthen teaching on standards ; attach importance to macro - environment analyzing
本文從新制度經濟學角度研究資產評估準則，對資產評估準則的性質、功能及制定等進行了深入分析；通過構建供需分析理論模型，對影響資產評估準則的需求和供給的因素進行系統分析，剖析資產評估準則供需不平衡的成因；對資產評估準則制定的成本收益進行研究，全面分析影響成本和收益的諸多要素，達到成本一定的情況下，收益相對最大；在理論分析的基礎上結合中國資產評估的宏觀環境，分析了我國宏觀環境對準則制定的影響；提出了我國資產評估準則制定的對策定位：準則制定要合理定位；制定過程要充分博弈；對準則制定機構的選擇；借鑒國外資產評估準則；加大資產評估理論準備；準則制定要有前瞻性；準則制定應有緊迫性；強化準則培訓力度；準則需明確宏觀環境分析。 -
The research of human resource value measure models of this paper has very important theoretical meaning and realistic significance. under the guidance of marxian labor valve theory and occident human capital theory and element distribution theory, this paper aims at the high science & technology software development enterprise and designs model systems of human resource group value and individual value measuring, which not only adhere the traditional accounting principle, but also combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. in detail, it is organized as follows : ( 1 ) according to some defects of the available value measuring models, this thesis brings forward 4 innovative trains of thought : adopts the method that combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and establishes the new measuring basis that contain human resource the present period input cost and realized value, and defines the high - grade human resource as the target evaluation group of individual value measuring, as the basis for revealing the real contribution of human resource group firstly and achieving individual value by distributing group value to the target evaluation group in according with the specific rules secondly ; ( 2 ) analyzes the constitution of human resource value, and comes up with new way of thinking on group value measuring : adopts the historical cost means to calculate human resource group the present period input cost, and rectifies the present period realization value theory of li - shicong professor from accounting angle, and obtains more scientifically the group present period new contribution value, as the basis for structuring the new measuring
首先揭示組織中人力資源群體對企業的真實貢獻，然後再將群體價值以一定的規則分配給目標評估群，從而確認個人價值; （ 2 ）分析人力資源的價值構成，提出新的群體價值計量思路:採用歷史成本法計量群體當期投入成本，並對李世聰教授提出的當期實現價值理論從會計學角度進行了修正，更為科學地確定了群體當期新增貢獻價值，從而構建了全新的人力資源群體價值計量模型; （ 3 ）分析個人價值的影響因素及其關系，提出新的個人價值計量思路:運用層次分析法獲得目標評估群在群體當期新增價值中的權重，確定高級人力資源當期所創造的貢獻份額;基於崗位相對權重和個人崗位績效評估值這兩個關鍵指標，將層次分析法和關聯矩陣法結合起來，計算個人貢獻價值系數，確定某個體在目標評估群中的權重，從而構建了全新的人力資源個人價值計量模型; （ 4 ）選取了一家人力資本含量較高的it公司，將所構建的理論模型在該公司進行了實證檢驗，驗證了模型體系在實務中的科學性與可操作性，從而在一定程度上豐富了人力資源價值計量理論，推動了人力資源會計與現行會計核算體系的接軌。 -
With the process of application system integration, this text has fully used the thought based on framework system and eai of one in the middle of ibm websphere software platform, and summarize the traditional application integrated mode, consult the integrated mechanisms of some ripe products at the same time, and combine advanced technology, such as xml, soap, etc. on the basis of this, put forward one system which integrate c / s and b / s framework, make it solve tradition leave - over database use the applications of information system by integrated modes effectively, have good common ability and compatibility at the same time, satisfy the characteristic of the integration of distributing type better on the premise of low cost
在應用系統的集成過程中，本文充分應用了ibmwebsphere軟體平臺的基於中間件的架構體系和eai的思想，並對傳統的應用集成模式進行了總結與思考，同時參考了一些成熟產品的集成機制，並在此基礎上結合xml 、 soap等先進技術，提出了一個基於websphere平臺的oa系統集成c s和b s的框架，使之能有效地解決傳統集成模式下遺留數據庫應用信息系統的應用，同時具有良好的通用性和兼容性，在低成本的前提下更好地滿足分散式集成的特點。
分享友人