atomic level 中文意思是什麼
atomic level
解釋
原子能級-
Using cd, cu, zn and cr as experimental toxicants and crucian as experimental creature, we employed the environmental biotechniques ( flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the method of improved pyrogallol autoxidation and electron microscopy ) to study the acute toxicity and secure concentrations of heavy metals to crucian ; the accumulation and distribution of mixed heavy metals to fingling crucian ; the activities of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) of gill and liver tissues and the hispathological and ultrastructural change of superfine structure of liver and kidney of crucian after cadmium exposure. through which, we intended to fully and systemically study the toxic influence of heavy metals to fish, and preliminarily discuss the influence of heavy metals pollution to the diversified level of fish such as individual, organ, tissue, cell and molecule. thus we tried to provide scientific evidence to establish preventative management measures, avoid and relieve the harm of heavy metals pollution to aquicolous ecosystem in time
隨后以這幾種重金屬作為實驗毒物，以鯽魚為實驗動物，應用環境生物技術、火焰原子吸收分光光度法、鄰苯三酚自氧化法、透射電鏡等技術研究了重金屬cu 、 zn 、 cd和cr對鯽魚的急性毒性及其安全濃度評價、混合重金屬在鯽魚幼體組織內的積累和分佈、 cd對鯽魚鰓和肝臟中sod活性的影響、 cd對鯽魚肝細胞和腎細胞超微結構的影響等，全面和系統地研究了水環境中重金屬暴露對魚類的毒性影響，初步探討了重金屬污染對魚類的個體? ?器官? ?組織? ?細胞? ?分子等各水平層次的影響，為制定漁業生產上預防性的管理措施提供科學依據，及時避免或減輕重金屬污染對水生生態系統造成的損害。 -
In this paper we have done two work, one is we, in the dressed states representation, reveal that the constructive interference of atomic coherence on absorption leads to electromagnetically induced absorption, which is in sharp contrast to the case in which destructive interference of atomic coherence gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency and the other is we reveal that coupling field linewidth inhibits electromagnetically induced absorption, by employing a four - level system in which three transitions are in n configuration and the middle transition serves as a probe transition
本文主要做了兩方面的工作：一是在修飾態表象中揭示修飾態原子相干對吸收的相長干涉產生電磁誘導吸收，這與修飾態原子相干對吸收的相消干涉導致電磁誘導透明的情形形成鮮明的對照。二是在裸態中，引入耦合場的線寬，從而發現耦合場的線寬抑制電磁誘導吸收。首先研究電磁誘導吸收。 -
The results show : ( 1 ) that the dynamical properties in the system depend on the degree of entanglement of the initial two identical two - level entangled atoms and the intensity of the coherent optical field, and the atomic dipole moment can be completely squeezed via choosing optimal degree of entanglement of the initial atoms in the feeblish optical field ; ( 2 ) that the quantum properties of the system also depend on the degree of entanglement of the initial two identical two - level entangled atoms and the intensity of the coherent optical field, and the radiation field can be effectively squeezed via choosing optimal degree of entanglement of the initial atoms in the fee blish optical field
（ 2 ）相干態光場的強度和兩原子的初始糾纏度對光場的量子特性也有很大的影響。光場的二階相干性質（聚束與反聚束）和光場的壓縮效應均與光場強度和兩原子糾纏度相關聯。在弱光場中，選擇合適的兩原子初始糾纏度，光場壓縮深度和時間可達到最大。 -
Abstract : the effect of correction of self - consistent potential on electronic structure in simple cubic nanocrystal particles is calculated by means of the green ' s function method in the tight - binding approximation, taking only the nearest neighbor matrix elements into account. the numerical results show that the electronic energy spectrum is shifted, the chemical potential is not equal to the atomic energy level, the electronic density at each lattice point is changed, and the variation of electronic density at surface lattice point is the largest
文摘:在緊束縛近似下，只計及最近鄰的矩陣元，採用格林函數計算了自洽勢修正對簡立方納米晶體顆粒的電子結構的影響，發現電子能譜發生了移動，化學勢不等於格點原子能級，各格點的電子密度也發生了變化，其中以表面格點的電子密度變化最大。 -
An atom on an excited upper level can execute a downward transition not just spontaneously but also when photons of the radiation field surrounding the atomic interact with it.
處在較高的激發態上的原子不只可以自發地而且可以在它與原子系統周圍輻射場的光子相互作用時發生向下的躍遷。 -
It has been shown that whether resonant or non - resonant interaction system, the kerr effect weakens the coupling of the field - atom, shortens the cycle of quantum collapses and revivals of the atomic level occupation and makes the nonclassical correlation properties steady. kerr effects on the properties of the correlation, on the correlation intensity between the two - mode, on the photon - number distribution and on the bunching or antibunching effect of the two - mode su ( 1, 1 ) coherent states produce obviously different characters when it is changed the initial intensity of the light field. that is to say, kerr effect on the two interaction systems is accorded
數值計算結果表明：無論是共振還是非共振相互作用， kerr效應均使原子與光場的耦合減弱，原子布居的崩塌與復甦的周期縮短，光場的非經典相關的穩定性增強；在初始光場較弱和較強兩種情況下，類kerr介質對雙模su （ 1 ， 1 ）相干態場兩模間的相關性、相關程度以及光子的聚束與反聚束效應產生的作用均有明顯的區別，即kerr效應對系統在共振及非共振作用時的影響是一致的。 -
Advanced theoretical - computational techniques combined with the power of computers provide an understanding of nanosized materials at the atomic scale with an unprecedented level of detail and accuracy, enabling nanosized material design and property prediction to realize
摘要先進的理論和計算技術結合計算機的威力，提供了在原子層次上了解納米材料及其演化過程細節的可能性，具有無先例的準確性，使納米材料設計和性能預測成為可能。 -
The major research interest covers a broad range of topics concerned with the fundamental properties of shallow - levels in semiconductors and with impurity related issues of importance to semiconductor physics and technology, e. g., single and multiple donors and acceptors, shallow excited states of deep - level impurities, defect interaction on the atomic scale such as impurity - pair or complex formation
主要研究方向涵括半導體物理與技術方面有關雜質之重要領域，例如施者與受者雜質、淺與深雜質、雜質能階、雜質光譜、雜質與雜質或缺陷相互間之交互作用，以及復合雜質之形成與特性等。 -
Abstract : we have studied the spontaneous emission from a three - level atom with an external - driving field in a photonic crystal. as a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the population in the two upper levels displays quasi - oscillatory oroscillatory behavior. this depends on the initial atomic state and the relative positions of the two upper levels from the forbidden gap. the intensity and the phase of the external field can affect spontaneous emission from the atom. the properties are different from a three - level atom either in vacuum or in aphotonic crystal without an external driving field
文摘:討論了在雙光子驅動場作用下，三能級原子在光子晶體中的自發發射問題.由於量子干涉和光的局域化作用，兩個上能級中的占據數將具有周期振蕩或準周期振蕩的性質，這不僅依賴于兩個上能級與禁帶的相對位置，同時也依賴于原子的初始狀態，而且還與驅動場的強度、驅動場的入射位相有關.這些性質既與真空中帶有驅動場的原子的自發發射性質不同，也有別于無驅動場作用下光子晶體中三能級原子的自發發射性質 -
Atomic coherence effects in four - level system
四能級系統中的原子相干效應 -
Teleportation of an unknown four - level atomic state by epr of a - type three - level atom
單個未知多能級粒子態的概率隱形傳輸 -
Computer simulation techniques can be used to understand the properties of a molecular system in terms of interactions at the atomic level
Md模擬通過給出生物大分子在原子水平上的相互作用，提供生物大分子的漲落和構象變化的詳細信息。 -
No3 : revealing crystal defects at atomic level by field - emmission hrem ( invited lecture ), f. h. li, proceedings 7th asia - pacific electron microscopy conference, singapore, june24 - 30, 2000, pp. 26 - 27
場發射高分辨電子顯微鏡在揭示原子解析度晶體缺陷上的應用（特邀論文） ，李方華，科儀新知， 21 （ 1999 ） 8 - 15 -
It has been proven by instrumental analysis that metal oxides and salts disperse spontaneously to the pores and surface of zeolites at atomic level dispersion
摘要金屬鹽和氧化物在分子篩孔穴中及內外表面自發形成原子水平的分散，這種自發分散現象已被多種現代儀器分析所證實，並在國內外得到廣泛認同。 -
Instead, this view defines training load as information, on which it has exceeded the traditional view. the value of this advantage lies in several aspects : first, it serves as a theoretical guidance leading the study of sports training science from the surface level to a deepened level approaching to its essence just like the understanding of substance is advancing from molecular level to atomic level. secondly, it will lead the study of training load to unity and accuracy in practice
這種觀點超越了利用其屬性進行定義的階段，其意義是：首先它將在理論上引導運動訓練學的研究從「表面化」 （注：不是貶義，僅相對而言）走向「深入化」 ，這好比對物質的認識從分子水平走向原子水平一樣，更加接近其本質的東西；其次，它將在實踐中引導人們對運動負荷的研究走向統一和精確。 -
The study of metals and their properties in bulk and at the atomic level
冶金學以金屬及其聚合時和呈原子狀態時的特性為研究對象的學科 -
Nanotechnology involves the manufacture and manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level
利用納米技術，人們可以在分子或原子級別進行製造和加工工序。 -
However if these breakthroughs are to be is be realised in practice a paradigm shift in synthetic chemical techniques will be necessary so we can create at will really large molecules with accurately defined structures at the atomic level
這些基礎性的進展暗示著在我們口袋中的超級電腦（以及我們的大腦）及可輕易地抵擋超級颶風及劇烈地震的建築物將成為現實。 -
The samples were characterized by x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), optical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) and scanning tunneling microscopy ( stm ). as a result, a self - assembled monolayer ( sam ) of msa on the surface of fee au particles was directly observed in atomic level
在此基礎上，對金納米粒子和其自組織結晶體進行了一系列的x射線衍射儀（ xrd ） 、透射式電子顯微鏡（ tem ） 、光吸收譜和掃描隧道顯微鏡（ stm ）的檢測和分析。 -
Quantum mechanics has changed our world view such that we now understand that we can predict, at the atomic level, how things will work probabilistically, but not deterministically - that is, we can be right on average, but can never have certainty about any one event
量子力學改變了我們的世界觀，現在我們理解了我們可以在原子級上預測現象是怎樣以概率發生的，而不是確定的也就是說，在平均上我們可以是正確的，但是永遠不會對任何事件完全確定。
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