basic statistics 中文意思是什麼

As a positivistic science, criminology is based on statistics and demands a basic research method of crime statistics, the lagging behind of which limits the approach to our criminological theory

摘要犯罪學是一門實證科學，實證科學以統計為基礎，犯罪統計是犯罪學研究的基本方法。

Seventeen important morphological characters were analysed to identify and evaluate genetic diversity of morphology of the lespedeza populations. fourteen vital morphological characters were studied using basic statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. zymograms were analysed using eighteen alleles of seven allozymes

對14個關健形態學性狀指標的平均值、方差、標準差、變異系數等基本統計分析表明，胡枝子屬植物不同種間以及種內居群間在這14個重要形態學性狀上的遺傳差異較大，變異系數達28 . 89 122 . 36 （全生育天數除外，變異系數為4 . 72 ） 。

The basic concept of terrain information content is proposed after an overall review of existing research achievement. applying a series of analysis and data processing method, like math - analysis, mathematical statistics, comparative, error visualizing, this paper carefully investigated the terrain information content characteristic of dems of 1 : 50000 map scale of loess plateau area

本文在對前人已有研究成果進行系統總結的基礎上，首先明確了dem地形信息容量的基本概念，並運用數學分析、數理統計、比較分析、誤差地圖等方法，以海拔高程與等高線為研究對象，以1 ： 1萬比例尺dem為參考真值，探討了黃土丘陵溝壑區1 ： 5萬dem的地形信息容量特徵。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

On the base of discussing about recent exploit and research progress on shoaly land, the authors put forward the frame of the research on shoaly land, in which the research on shoaly land is divided into two levels : basic research and application research. basic research includes the researches on basic conception, continuous evolution, and exploitation theories of shoaly land. and application research can be divided into three parts : social research, economic research, and ecological research. in the end, it is brought forward that some items should be researched first, such as the research on conception, statistics unit, constant inspection, law control, management system, public participation, industry policy, resource evaluation, and environmental impact assessment of shoaly land exploitation

在簡略分析國內外沿海灘塗開發研究進展的基礎上，提出了我國沿海灘塗研究的理論框架，將灘塗研究劃分為基礎研究與應用研究2個層次。其中，基礎研究包括灘塗基本概念問題動態演變問題和開發理論問題等3個方面，應用研究則包括灘塗社會問題經濟問題和生態問題等研究內容。

Vital statistics are the basic or derived data regarding vital events.

生命統計是有關生命事件的基礎的或派性的資料。

In the first part, the author mainly analyses the compilation of statistics and probability from following aspects : basic compilation principles, basic skeleton design of compilation, main characteristics and some problems of compilation

在「統計與概率」編寫研究中，主要分析了以下幾個方面： （ 1 ）編寫的基本理念； （ 2 ）編寫的基本框架設計； （ 3 ）編寫的主要特點； （ 4 ）編寫中尚存的問題。

Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。

According to the study of unrepairable product residue mean life, based on the mathematical description of the residue mean life and the basic knowledge of reliability and mathematical statistics, a method is deduced to assess the confidence lower limit for the mean residual life, and an engineering instance is analyzed

通過對不可修復產品平均剩餘壽命的研究，基於產品平均剩餘壽命的數學描述，利用可靠性及數理統計的基礎知識，逐級推演，提出了適用於各種壽命分佈類型的產品平均剩餘壽命置信下限的一種評估方法，並結合工程實例進行了分析。

Classification is to predict the class label of unknown data with supervisor obtained from experiential data, which is a basic problem in pattern recognitionx machine learning and statistics, as well as in data mining

分類即通過由經驗數據訓練得到的分類器預測未知數據的歸屬，是模式識別、機器學習、統計分析等領域的一個基本問題，也是一種最常見的數據挖掘任務。

In addition to basic courses such as general psychology, introduction to statistics and research methods, the courses can be grouped into four concentration areas, namely, cognitive science, education and human development, social and industrial - organizational psychology, and psychology and health

本系課程的范圍共計有四十餘項個別科目。而除了心理學概論，統計學，及研究方法等基礎科目外，其他研讀科目可略分為四大類：

The administrator enters all kind of basic information and completes the statistics, reports and predictions. operator enters the records of sells

管理員在後臺錄入各種商業基礎信息，並完成統計、匯總、報表及預測等管理工作；收款員在前臺錄入銷售收款信息。

Article 6 registration authorities at various levels shall institute a file of the registration of enterprises as legal persons and a system for tabulating statistics relating to such registration, and collect basic information about the registration of enterprises as legal persons so as to serve the development of a planned commodity economy

第六條各級登記主管機關，應當建立企業法人登記檔案和登記統計制度，掌握企業法人登記有關的基礎信息，為發展有計劃的商品經濟服務。

Firstly, reviews and analyses the evolution and present situation of the medical care insurance of cities and towns workers ; secondly, analyses the objectivity which restricts the medical care insurance reform, and then finds a solution to breakthrough the bottleneck of social medical care insurance reform ; thirdly, analyses the evolution of medical care insurance reform of western countries objectively, so that we can make a strong argumentation why we should learn their successful experience to perfect our medical care insurance ; last, makes a serious investigation towards some major problems which needs to be solved during our present medical care insurance reform, such as perfect the system, enlarge the coverage of insurance in a high speed, promotes the medical and medicine administration system at the same time sets up a human ? oriented concept called “ equality priority and efficiency ” the thesis sticks to the basic principle of dialectical and historical materialism in investigation method, tries to adopt a series of methods, includes the followings : scientific abstraction, statistics, the combination of international comparison and internal analysis, etc. the thesis has already made some achievements after making a thorough study about the obstacle and policy of our national medical care insurance reform

第三部分內容，客觀分析了西方國家醫療保險改革的路徑，並就我國城鎮職工醫療保險所應借鑒的有益經驗進行了論證。第四部分內容，對我國現階段城鎮職工醫療保險改革實踐中需要解決的幾個主要問題，比如完善制度設計、快速推進保險的覆蓋面、切實推行醫療醫藥管理體制的同步改革、樹立「公平優先兼顧效率」的人本理念等問題，進行了認真的研究，提出了解決這些問題的途徑。本論文在研究方法上，堅持了辨證唯物論和歷史唯物論相結合的基本原則，採用了科學抽象法、統計法、國際比較與國情分析相結合等諸多的方法。

The paper accounts the importance and the necessity of the forecasting research to the stock return volatility of our country, and the use in practice of the forecasting about the stock return volatility, firstly, stock market of our country is divided into large scale stock 、 middle scale stock and small scale stock on the basis of stock size. secondly, according to the basic method of the mathematical statistics ， the behavior of the return volatility about single stock is described by using the model of the rolling variance estimates 。 through the relation of daily returns volatility and weekly returns volatility and the forecasting accuracy of the volatility forecasting model to various stock scale ， we do practical analysis with the forecasting research to return volatility of single stock market

在個股收益波動性的可預測性研究方面，首先按市值規模大小將我國股票分為大盤股、中盤股和小盤股，然後利用數理統計的基本方法，用滾動樣本方差估計模型描述個股市場收益波動性的行為，並對三種股票日收益率序列及周收益率序列波動之間的關系以及波動預測模型對各種股盤的預測準確性進行了實證分析和結果檢驗。

Basic statistics, computing measurement for physical education

基本體育統計、計算與測量學

Before conducting regular sampling surveys, it is necessary to find out about the basic statistics units and their geographical distribution and to establish a scientific sampling framework in accordance with an approved plan for sampling surveys

進行經常性抽樣調查，應當在調查前查明基本統計單位及其分佈情況，按照經批準的抽樣調查方案，建立科學的抽樣框。

The data in this chapter show the basic conditions of agricultural production and rural economy, including basic statistics on rural areas, basic conditions of agricultural production, sown areas of farm crops, output of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery products, cultivated land, gross output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, output value of agricultural commodities and corresponding commodity rate, and township - owned enterprises

本章反映我市農業生產和農村經濟的基本情況，內容主要包括農村基本情況、農業生產條件與生產情況、農作物播種面積、農林牧漁產品產量、耕地、農林牧漁業產值、農業商品產值和商品率、鄉鎮企業等方面的統計資料。

The course on basic skills in biochemical studies familiarizes students with laboratory safety regulations, introduces to them basic statistics and data processing, and enables them to acquire computer and presentation skills

在培養學生良好基礎方面，學生須修讀下列生物化學的基礎課程。生物化學研究的基本技能主要介紹實驗室安全守則、統計及數據處理、電腦應用及表達技巧。

It covers introductory probability, decision analysis, basic statistics, regression, simulation, linear and nonlinear optimization, and discrete optimization

課程內容包含有概率論簡介，決策分析，統計基礎，回歸，模擬，線性及非線性優化和離散型優化模式之介紹。