bear markets 中文意思是什麼
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Many markets are 20 % or more below their highs, the informal definition of a bear market
許多市場下跌20或更多，這是個非正式定義的熊市。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Efficiency and the bear : short sales and markets around the world
市場效率與熊市：賣空操作與全球股票市場 -
This methods is based on that when there is herding in stock market csad is going to become smaller. the results is when the markets dropping there is herding among investors, when the markets rising, there is no evidence of herding. the results prove my reasoning in section 3. why there is difference between bull and bear markets is due to investors " different attitudes towards loss and gains
通過對個股收益率分散程度指標橫截面絕對偏離度（ cross - sectionalabsolutedeviation ， csad ）和市場收益率之間的關系模型的回歸統計分析，本文發現：在市場行情上升的時候，市場中的羊群行為並不明顯；在市場行情下跌的時候，市場中存在明顯的羊群行為。 -
The current fashion for anything to do with the fast - growing emerging markets of brazil, russia, india and china does not bear very close scrutiny, he said
他表示，當前人們喜歡將一切都與巴西、俄羅斯、印度和中國等增長迅速的新興市場掛鉤，但這種做法經不起密切關注。 -
Bear gallbladders can fetch as much as 4, 000 dollars or more in asian markets, according to the website of the world wildlife fund
根據世界野生動物基金會的網站指出，在亞洲市場，熊膽可賣到高達4千美元（約臺幣13萬3千元） ，甚至更多的價錢。 -
Institutional arrangement, governance achievement, short - bull and long - bear of security markets
中國上市公司經營業績與股票價格指數研究 -
If we bear in mind that the original purpose of these was the sale of certain commodities for which the district was famous, and that in the middle ages there were more markets than the fairs we know today, we can understand the origin of these names and others, such as chertsey ' s onion fair, which is fast vanishing but which was once one of the greatest markets near london
只要我們牢記辦節日的初衷是銷售本地區的某種名產，並且中世紀的市場比我們目前所知的集市節更多，就能理解那些名字的來源，如現在快銷聲匿跡的徹特西洋蔥節，一度是倫敦附近最大的市場之一。 -
The fund manager, who co - founded the quantum fund with billionaire investor george soros in the 1970s and has focused on commodities since 1998, said the crisis would spread to emerging markets which he said now faced a prolonged bear run
一位曾在70年代與索羅斯合作建立對沖基金的基金經理自1998年以來一直關注消費品，他指出危機將波及新興市場。 -
In bull market, block purchase has a bigger price impact than block sale, while in bear markets, vice versa
當大盤上漲時，買入訂單的價格沖擊均比賣出訂單大，當大盤下跌時，賣出訂單的價格沖擊多數比買入訂單要大。
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