biosynthesis pathway 中文意思是什麼

biosynthesis pathway 解釋
生物合成途徑
  1. The global regulator csra of e. coli is a specific mrna - binding protein. csra negatively regulates several metabolic pathways that are induced post - exponentially, including glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen catabolism ; positively controls gene expression within the glycolytic pathway ; and also csra modulates the levels of enzymes that participate directly in pep metabolism

    Csra是整體調控網路的調控基因，可負調控指數生長後期誘導的一些代謝途徑，包括糖原的生物合成、糖原的分解代謝、糖異生，而對糖酵解的一些重要基因的表達則執行正調控功能， csra也調控直接參與pep代謝的三個酶的活性水平。
  2. With development and maturation of citrus fruit, chlorophyll content of citrus fruit peel decreased, being acompanied by a gradual decrease in a - carotene and p - carotene which are known to be in the upstream of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. the decrease continued up to complete vanishment of the carotenes. on the other hand, p - cryptoxanthin, p - citraurin and zeaxanthin that are in the downstream of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway increased steadily and became the principal carotenoid components

    隨著柑橘果實發育和成熟，果皮葉綠素含量下降，與此同時，位於類胡蘿卜素生物合成途徑上游的-胡蘿卜素、 -胡蘿卜素等胡蘿卜素成分逐漸下降直至消失，而在類胡蘿卜素生物合成途徑下游的-隱黃質、 -檸烏素、玉米黃素等葉黃素成分逐漸上升，使得類胡蘿卜素總量先略微下降后迅速上升；果實褪綠並呈現其特徵色澤。
  3. Inhibitors of cyp51, such as azalanstat ( rs - 2i607 ) and rs - 2i745, could inhibit the synthesis of ff - mas to decrease the accumulation of ff - mas. inhibitor of a14 - reductase, such as ay9944 - a - 7, could inhibit the metabolism of ff - mas to increase the accumulation of ff - mas ; and some other reagents, such as nystatin, could combine with the downstream intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway to accumulate mas. in this study, we investigated the role of mas by using these reagents to change the level of endogenous ff - mas

    抑制cyp51酶的抑制劑，如azalanstat （ rs - 21607 ）和rs - 21745等，均能抑制mas的合成，降低mas的積累；而抑制14 -還原酶的抑制劑，如ay9944 - a - 7等，能抑制ff - mas向t - mas的轉化而造成ff - mas的積累；還有一些物質，如制黴菌素，能阻止mas向下游的代謝而造成其積累，本文主要通過應用這些物質降低、或增加組織細胞中內源性mas的積累，來研究mas的作用。
  4. ( 5 ) a different pha biosynthesis pathway was found in burkholderia caryophylli ys13

    Calyophylliys13的研究，發現了該菌株pha合成的另一條途徑。
  5. Quinic acid, used shikimate pathway in e. coli, it is necessary to extend metabolic pathway by introduction of a heterogenous gene qutb into the host cell. double specific enzyme genes arog, qutb or three ones arog, qutb, arob were co - expressed in a single plasmid pbv220 to improve the enzymes " rate - limiting reactions. modifications of e. coli chromosome by both disruption of the arod gene and directed - site insertion of the arob gene resulted in the change of carbon flow redirected into the quinic acid biosynthesis branch

    利用大腸桿菌莽草酸途徑合成新的代謝物奎尼酸，須在宿主細胞引入異源酶基因擴展代謝途徑；串聯表達酶基因，同時適量增加不同種屬的多個關鍵酶酶量，改善限速反應；利用同源重組進行基因整合和基因破壞，改造染色體結構定向改變微生物代謝途徑；目的是將碳代謝流最大程度的引向奎尼酸生成的方向。
  6. Many legume plants may produce the beneficial isoflavones, which are vital to the formation of nitrogen - fixing root - nodules and the disease resistance response of plants. white clover ( trifolium repens ), a high quality legume forage, however, has little isoflavones. to improve the isoflavone contents of such forage, an available strategy is to introduce gene ( s ) encoding the key enzyme ( s ) in the biosynthesis pathway of insoflavones

    許多豆科植物中都含有異黃酮類化合物，異黃酮對植物根瘤的形成和植物的防禦反應至關重要，但是在牧草白三葉中缺乏這種有益的化合物，因此通過轉基因實驗將異黃酮合成酶基因導入白三葉中，提高其異黃酮的含量，增加白三葉的營養價值。
  7. However, glybetaine does not accumulate in many important crop plants such as potato, tomato or rice. among plants glybetaine biosynthetic pathway has been thoroughly characterized in sugar beet and spinach, and biosynthesis is localized in the chloroplast by a two - step oxidation of choline via the intermediate betaine aldehyde. the first enzyme, choline monooxygenase ( cmo ) and the second enzyme are all localized in chloroplast

    甘氨酸甜菜堿是由膽堿起始的兩部催化反應完成的，第一個酶是膽堿單氧化酶（ cmo ） ，已經被純化，並且它是定位在葉綠體基質中；第二個酶是甜菜堿醛脫氫酶（ badh ） ，它也主要定位於葉綠體中。
  8. The type ii pha biosynthesis genes cloned from b. caryophylli ys13 using the described pcr method demonstrated that pha biosynthesis in burkholderia strain has an additional pathway to the normally type i pathway

    對bcaryophylliys的分子生物學研究發現，它擁有類似於假單胞菌的型pha合酶體系。
  9. Progress on the key enzymes and related genes of natural rubber biosynthesis pathway from hevea brasiliensis

    巴西橡膠樹天然橡膠生物合成中關鍵酶及相關基因研究進展
  10. Abstract : in recent years, great progress has been made in the research field of plant hormone ethylene. this review focuses on the advances in the molecular biological research areas of ethylene biosynthesis pathway, ethylene signal transduction pathway and the mechanism of ethylene responese

    文摘:本文對植物激素乙烯的生物合成、乙烯傳號信導途徑、乙烯反應作用機制等方面的分子生物學進行了評述。
  11. It was suggested that the gene t13m11. 8 could be the ast candidate gene. this gene was 1432bp long with 6 exons and 5 introns. the putative protein of t13m11. 8 gene was highly homologous to dihydroflavonol 4 - reductase ( dfr ), which was an important enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway

    該基因的dna序列長1432bp ，含有6個外顯子和5個內含子，編碼的蛋白與花青苷生物合成途徑中的二氫黃酮醇4 -還原酶有較高的同源性。
  12. Rapifera, light - independent " akamaru " turnip and light - dependent " tsuda " turnip, were used as test material in this experiment. the expression patterns of pal, chs, chi, as, phya, cop1, cip7 and hy5 were analyzed by northern hybridization. pal, chs, chi and as are the principal structural genes correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway ; phya, cop1, cip7 and hy5 are the genes correlated with light signal transmission in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway

    本研究是以光敏感型津田蕪菁和光不敏感型赤丸蕪菁為試材，利用northern雜交技術，對花青素生物合成途徑中與花青素合成相關的主要結構基因pal 、 chs 、 chi和as及光信號傳遞相關的基因phya 、 cop1 、 cip7和hy5的表達進行了檢測。
  13. The common biosynthesis pathway of aromatic amino acids includes seven steps from dahp to chorismate acid. for the common pathway, 3 - dehydroquinate ( dhq ) synthase ( encoded by arob ), 5 - enolpyruv - oylshikimate s - phosphate ( epsp ) synthase ( encoded by aroa ), and chorisma - te synthase ( encoded by aroc ] are rate - limiting enzymes

    芳香族氨基酸的合成步驟有七步是共同的，亦即從dahp到分支酸的合成步驟，其中脫氫奎寧酸合成酶（ arob ） 、 5 -烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸合成酶（ aroa ）和分支酸合成酶（ aroc ）是此代謝途徑的關鍵酶。
  14. The shake flask experiments showed that b. caryophylli ys13 could accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates containing monomers ranging from 3 - hydroxybutyrate ( 3hb ) to 3 - hydroxydecanoate ( 3hd ) when cultivated on glucose and / or fatty acids. previous study of burkholderia strain showed that this strain possessed at least two pha biosynthesis pathways, one of which is similar with ralstonia eutropha ( type i pha biosynthesis pathway )

    搖瓶發酵研究表明， biysi3可以利用葡萄糖和多種脂肪酸作為碳源，合成從4個碳原子數的聚羥基丁酸（ phb ）到10個碳原子數的聚羥基癸酸（ phd ）在內的多種pha 。
  15. Ppsa and tkta are the key genes in central metabolism of aromatic amino acids biosynthesis. ppsa encoding phosphoenolpyrucate synthetase a ( ppsa ) which catalyzes pyruvate into pep ; tkta encoding transketolase a which plays a major role in erythrose - 4 - phosphate ( e4p ) production of pentose pathway

    Ppsa基因編碼磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸合成酶a （ ppsa ） ，該酶催化丙酮酸合成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸； tkta基因編碼轉酮酶a ，該酶在磷酸戊糖途徑中生成4 -磷酸赤蘚糖起主要作用。
  16. Abstract : plant responses to salt stress via a complex mechanism, including sensing and transducing the stress signal, activating the transcription factors and the corresponding metabolizing genes. since the whole mechanism is still unclear, this review emphasize the biochemical events during the plant adaptation to salt stress referring to an index of importance : the homeostasis in cytoplasm, the biosynthesis of osmolytes and the transport of water. most of these biochemical events were elucidated by study of halophyte and salt - sensitive mutations, also many important genes involved were cloned and used to generate stress - tolerance phenotypes in transgenic plants. on the other hand, about the molecular mechanism in signal transduction, the research of arabidopsis mutations and yeast functional complementation provided helpful traces but not full pathway

    摘要植物對鹽脅迫的耐受反應是個復雜的過程，在分子水平上它包括對外界鹽信號的感應和傳遞，特異轉錄因子的激活和下游控制生理生化應答的效應基因的表達.在生化應答中，本文著重討論負責維持和重建離子平衡的膜轉運蛋白、滲調劑的生物合成和功能及水分控制.這些生理生化應答最終使得液泡中離子濃度升高和滲調劑在胞質中積累.近年來，通過對各種鹽生植物或鹽敏感突變株的研究，闡明了許多鹽應答的離子轉運途徑、水通道和物種特異的滲調劑代謝途徑，克隆了其相關基因並能在轉基因淡水植物中產生耐鹽表型;另一方面，在擬南芥突變體及利用酵母鹽敏感突變株功能互補篩選得到一些編碼信號傳遞蛋白的基因，這些都有助於闡明植物鹽脅迫應答的分子機制。
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