by-product pricing 中文意思是什麼
by-product pricing
解釋
副產品定價法-
The paper focused on four factors : product, price, place and promotion. the strategy of improving the marketing mix by xpp company was brought up which included the products portfolio, additional products ; adoption of pricing scheme, promotion strategy, public relationship formulation, integrated expansion, club system for drivers
論文圍繞營銷組合的四個要素：產品、價格、渠道和促銷，提出了改進xtp公司營銷組合策略的思路，即制定產品整體策略；採用市場撇脂定價法；整合推廣策略；發展公共關系。 -
China has a vast population and a broad market, thus liquor consumption owns a considerably potential market in china. however, due to the intence yet disorder competition of the present market, the marketing of the liquor industry in china has fallen into an rather awkward dilemma. the hidden trouble, the lurking danger, cause the businessmen in this line unable to extricate themselves from a low - leveled ricious competitive cycle. such severe challenge also confronts yuechitequ company. therefore, the most urgent problems waiting for resdring lie in how to take advantage of the present resoures effectively, how to distinguish the market situation, and how to institute a scientific product - popularizing programme in order to keep the enterprise standing undefeated in the intense competition, and develop the enterprise rapidly, favorably. this thesis makes a thoughtful analysis about the external conditions of market and internal ones resources in the yuechitequ by means of inrestication through questionaire and scientific data processing. in the second part, with the application of stp system theory of marketing and new - product - pricing theory, it designs and further expounds the popularization of the new products of this company, then forms a excutable performance and makes a constant rerision via market practice. in this way can it explor a suitable road to popularize the products in the liquor market, help the enterprise to free from the difficulties and progress healthely, consitently
本文通過在岳池特曲公司現有產品市場進行問卷調查，運用科學的數據處理方法對所回收的658份問卷統計分析，以及利用美國哈佛大學商學院著名教授邁克爾?波特（ michaelporter ）提出的五種力量模型和價值鏈與vrio分析理論，對白酒市場的公開數據細致分析，以明確四川省岳池特曲酒業有限公司實施新產品市場推廣所面臨的市場條件和內部資源條件，在此基礎上，本文運用市場營銷學中stp系統理論、新產品定價理論等，對岳池特曲公司推出的白酒新產品進行市場細分、確定目標市場和市場定位，並根據市場營銷4p理論制定新產品的產品策略、價格策略、渠道策略、市場促銷推廣策略，形成最終整體完善的可執行方案，再通過市場實踐對推廣方案進行檢驗、修正，力圖在酒類市場中探索一條新產品市場推廣的適用道路，並幫助企業擺脫困境、邁開步伐、持續健康的發展。 -
A strategic move, according to schelling is “ one that influence the other person ’ s choice in a manner favorable to oneself by affecting the other person ’ s expectation on how one ’ s self will behave. ” strategic interaction among firms occurs along several dimensions : capacity, pricing, product policy and r & d. most of these involve substantial investments ; the last represents largely irreversible commitments to the industry and are an integral part of the process of establishing the firms ’ relative positions in terms of market share, costs and products
在信息完全性的假定條件下，考慮到資產的專用性，通過對允許對手進入的斯塔克爾伯格均衡和阻止對手進入的過剩生產能力（ excesscapacity ）可置信威脅策略性行為的比較分析，數理論證了壟斷企業中存在過剩生產能力的一種可能原因，是一種特定條件下各利益主體最大化其效用時出現的相對穩定狀態。 -
Under the assumptions that product demand is price - dependent and allowable shortage, the inventory and sale model is established by dynamic pricing approach, in which the time value of money and reservations may cancel advance orders is included, and the validity is verified by numerical examples
摘要在需求率是價格的函數，允許缺貨的條件下，採用動態價格策略，考慮允許顧客取消預訂和貨幣時間價值的影響，建立一個庫存銷售模型，並用數值實例驗證模型的有效性。 -
By integrating once to chinapt. com, a supplier can offer its customers real - time pricing and availability information, as well as the ability to place and track orders. moreover, chinapt. com s unique " publish instant " supplier content model allows suppliers to publish or update their product content instantly in chinapt. com, instead of having to take time to customize that content for every buying organization and wait for endless response
沒有買賣雙方的成功，就談不上電子灣的成功。因此，網上交易的信譽極為重要， "惠特曼就此介紹說， "幾年來，我們創制了很多措施保證電子灣是一個安全的交易場所，其中最重要的是創造了一個買賣雙方互動式反饋系統。 -
Hanfeng co. by reasonable market segmentation, and focusing the every green large tree and color leaves plant market, lvzhixing did first step success because of meeting the market needs. due to the single product, lack of innovation, in - efficient use of technology, weakness in using the academic image, in - reasonable pricing, not good work for the market terminal, lack of service, un - systematic propaganda and ad activities, the turnover and profit are going down year by year. all these problems constrain the company ' s sustainable development
但近兩年「綠之星」公司的銷售額和利潤逐年下降，主要因為公司的營銷還存在著產品品種單一，創新不足，科技手段拉動力不強；沒有很好地利用和維護農科院的品牌優勢；定價不合理；宣傳、廣告運作缺少系統性，產品推廣不力；產品營銷終端工作不力，服務意識欠缺等問題，這些問題的存在嚴重製約了公司的可持續發展。 -
After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks
如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。 -
Goods are purchased internally within the group and prices are set by a product division using the resale price or market minus method under the transfer pricing guidelines as developed by the organization of economic cooperation and development
該公司在集團內部購貨，由一個生產部門訂立價錢。訂價方法是採用經濟合作及發展組織制訂的轉讓定價指引所載的轉售定價法或市價扣除法。 -
Price is not varied enough for different product items, market segments, and purchase occasions. pricing is a key factor in industries. by searching into the actually market and other cases, some useful recommendations are provided to jinan iron & steel group general company ( jisggc ) in this paper
本章針對濟鋼的實際提出濟鋼鋼鐵產品價格決策目標體系、主要鋼鐵產品的價格定位和掛牌銷售價格的確定方法，給出了主要產品在典型市場環境下的幾個策略組合，並就價格策略與其他營銷策略的有機配合和保障條件提出了一些意見。 -
Using the idea in division of labor of specialization and method of inframarginal analysis in new classical economics, this paper attempts to study how human capital is priced by way of semi - finished product in different division of labor of specialization and how human capital pricing is affected by division of labor of specialization
摘要利用專業化分工的思想和新興古典經濟學超邊際分析的方法，研究在不同的勞動專業化分工的結構下，人力資本作為中間產品是如何被定價的，以及人力資本的定價又是如何受到專業化分工水平的影響的。 -
Based on the target of profit maximization, a quantitative method to optimal product pricing is presented theoretically by supply and demand and marginal analysis
以企業追求利潤最大化為目標，從市場供求關系和邊際分析出發，用定量的方法對企業產品最優定價問題進行理論探討。
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