calculation of costs 中文意思是什麼
calculation of costs
解釋
成本計算- calculation : n. 1. 計算，計演算法。2. 推定，預測。3. 深思熟慮，精打細算；慎重的計劃；算計。
- of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
- costs : 訟費
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The calculation of educational costs is an effective way for universities to enhance the utilization of educational resources to improve functioning efficiency. it originates from the accounting reform in universities and from the tense intercollegiate competitions. it is necessary to implement the calculation of educational costs
教育成本核算是高校加強教育資源管理和利用，提高辦學效益的有效途徑；是高校會計制度改革，以更確切的反映高校教育經濟信息的必然趨勢；也是高校自身發展和校際競爭的必然要求。 -
A calculation of the approximate sales volume required to just cover costs, below which production would be unprofitable and above which it would be profitable
一種銷售收入大致與成本持平的計算方法，在其之下將無利潤，之上則可獲利。指用來描述固定成本、變動成本以及利潤等三者間關系的分析技術。 -
Optimal periodic control with the lowest operational cost by limiting total substrate discharge mass was studied. through adding new state variable and using supplement functions, the problem with restriction conditions was converted into nonrestriction problem. in addition, the dynamic searching method of optimal step coefficient was developed to modify the conventional gradient method, consequently the calculation problem of the multivariable optimal periodic control was able to be resolved better. it was found that the operational costs of optimal control under various initial states are distinctly different. a new concept of optimal control under optimal initial state was presented. it is pointed out emphatically that to the treatment system without optimal control condition, the suboptimal control with extensive practical value can be realized according to the results of optima control
著重研究了在限制有機物排放總量時，使其運行費用最低的最優周期控制問題.通過增加新的狀態變量和用補償函數法，將本課題的有約束條件問題化為無約束條件問題，並提出了最優步長參數的動態搜索法來修改傳統的梯度法，從而較完善地解決了多變量最優周期控制的計算問題.研究中還發現了不同初始條件下最優控制所需要的運行費用也大不相同，進而提出了最優初始狀態下最優周期控制的新概念，這對保證出水質量的同時進一步降低污水處理成本來說具有更重要的意義.本文還強調指出：對于尚不具備實現最優控制條件的處理系統，可根據最優控制的研究結果實現具有廣泛實用價值的準最優控制 -
Before measuring the economic costs, this paper analysis the economical reason of the destruction of ecosystem, then it discusses the calculation methodology and the issues which should be pay attention to when we measure the economic costs caused by the destruction of ecosystem
在度量經濟損失之前，論文分析了生態破壞的經濟學原因，並討論了生態破壞經濟損失計量的經驗計算方法和計量中應注意的問題。 -
Mao ' s abandonment of friends and even wives and children seemed to be based on a calculation of which investments were worth maintaining and which should be regarded as sunk costs
* * *對妻兒朋友的拋棄似乎是以計算為基礎的：那些投資是值得的，而那些應當視為沉沒成本。 -
As for the shouldering of civil liability, the author lists out several situations of withdrawing the contract specifically and points out the irrationality in the calculation of damages in present legislation, which neglects the trading costs of investing and trading. however, the individuality is represented in the nature of securities fraud, which outbreaks the traditional definition of contractual liability
文章在民事責任承擔方面具體列出了撤銷合同的若干情形，也指出了現行立法在賠償損失計算上採用算術平均法的不合理性，忽略了證券投資和交易的權重在於交易成本:即股價乘以股數，而不在於股價。 -
In the next charter, the thesis gives the meaning of vendor - managed inventory and analyses the dynamic reasons for its coming out, considering of the research achievements and application activity in abroad. the propose of charter four is mathematic analysis for the economic effect of vmi. the thesis can confirm that vmi can decrease considerably the inventory level and total costs in scm through model analysis and imitation calculation
第四章是vmi的經濟效果評價模型和實證分析，通過一個簡單的供應商? ?零售商的供應鏈結構，建立數學模型和模擬運算，從數學上分析了實施vmi所帶來的經濟收益，包括庫存水平的下降和總庫存成本的降低，這也是企業實施vmi方式的內在動力。 -
This thesis generalizes the common process of the cost calculation of universities and advances the allocation standard and methods of indirect educational costs
本文歸納了高校教育成本核算的一般程序，確定了間接教育費用分配標準和方法。 -
Aiming at the existed problems of higher investment and running costs in some projects resulting from not considering the influence of natural ventilation on selection of ventilation equipments, introduces a new method of wind pressure calculation by developing an analytic building model
摘要針對某些工程中未考慮自然通風時通風設備選擇的影響而造成初投資偏大、運行費用偏高的問題，通過建立建築分析模型引入了一種計算風壓的方法。 -
Based on the profound study of the method which is used to estimate the outage costs abroad, the thesis amends the estimation method which makes the estimation more reasonable with the practical situation in our country. under a certain calculation circumstance, the thesis adopts two different costs models to calculate a example ' s outage costs which illuminate that adopting the two models to estimate outage costs is feasible
在一定計算條件下，分別採用兩種不同的費用模型，對一算例求系統的停電損失，所得結果相近，說明利用這兩種模型估算系統停電損失是可行的正確的，然後對它們進行了比較，並提出一種使停電損失的估算具有通用性的新思想。 -
The thesis considers it necessary for universities to set up a system of educational cost calculation and then make this system both the main data channel of educational costs and a useful tool in educational supervision
對高校教育成本核算方法：會計核演算法和會計調整法組織了較系統的探討。本文認為高校應建立教育成本核算制度，使之既成為產生教育成本數據的主渠道，又成為教育管理的有效工具。 -
Several key problems in electricity markets, such as pricing of transmission and wheeiing transactions, generation bidding and available transfer capability calculation between interconnected systems, etc., are comprehensively and thoroughly studied and analyzed in this dissertation. the main contents and contributions are as follows : ( l ) ln a spot price based marketplace, the revenues and costs of transmission service are not easily balanced due to the economies of scale of transmission networks
本文主要針對電力市場中的輸電和轉運服務定價、發電競價以及互聯區域間可用輸電能力計算等問題進行了較為全面和深入的理論研究和計算分析，主要內容及成果如下： （ 1 ）由於輸電系統的規模經濟，在基於實時電價的電力市場中，輸電系統的收入和支出難以平衡。 -
The second problem with this calculation of costs is that it ignores the largest cost of going to college - your time
成本的計算中的第二個問題是它忽略了去大學的最大的成本?你的時間。 -
The second problem with this calculation of costs is that it ignores the largest cost of going to college ? your time
這種成本計算的第二個問題是，它忽略了上大學最大的成本? ?你的時間。
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