chemical reaction rate 中文意思是什麼
chemical reaction rate
解釋
化學反應速率-
Meanwhile, fundamental principles about electroless tin plating by reducing agent and disproportionation reaction were explained. function of every component in the bath was explained that complexing agent can effectively change the potential of copper and tin, and accelerate the beginning of replacement reaction favorably ; reducing agent can increase the rate of chemical reaction and has the effect of promoting reaction dynamics too ; antioxidant can effectively prevent sn2 + in the bath from being oxidated ; additive agent a can improve the stability of the bath ; additive agent b has such effects as refining and brightening for the tin deposits, and it enlarges the range of brightening section ; additive agent c used as leveling agent can not only make the depostis level off, but also improve the dispersive ability of the bath ; surface - active agent can solve bubble problem which gathered on the surface of the deposits, and improve the surface quality of the deposits and the bath stability
闡述了鍍液中各組分的作用：絡合劑能有效地改變銅、錫的電位，促使初期的置換反應順利進行；還原劑能加快化學反應速度，對反應動力學有積極的促進作用；抗氧化劑能有效地防止鍍液中sn ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化；添加劑a能提高鍍液的穩定性，添加劑b對鍍層能有細化和光亮作用，擴大了鍍層光亮區的范圍；添加劑c作為平滑劑，不僅能增強鍍層表面的平整性，而且能提高鍍液的分散能力；表面活性劑較好地解決了化學鍍過程中汽泡在鍍件表面聚集的問題，提高了鍍層的表面質量和鍍液的穩定性。 -
As to the simulation, three - dimensional n - s equations and two - phase flow model, in which the liquid toluene spray as discrete particles was considered, were employed to describe the turbulent combustion processes in the combustion chamber. the mass and energy transfer between the two phases were calculated by the droplet evaporation model, and the arrehnius model was used to obtain the gas chemical reaction rate. the details of 3d flow field, the distributions of temperature and compounds were obtained by solving the equations
數值模擬方面，應用三維湍流n - s方程以及顆粒軌道模型描述了激光器燃燒室內部的噴霧兩相燃燒流動過程，兩相之間的質量、能量交換由液滴蒸發模型計算，氣相化學反應速率由arrhnius公式計算，通過耦合求解氣液兩相模型方程，模擬了燃燒室三維流場，得到了燃燒室內的溫度和組分濃度分佈。 -
The intrinsic chemical reaction rate constant was insensitive to the precursor and the calcinations history of cao, but the product layer diffusivity was affected by these two factors in the initial stage and decreased to a constant value with increasing conversion of cao
化學反應速率常數不受氧化鈣的先驅物與其鍛燒程序所影響，但產物層擴散系數在初始階段則受到上述兩因素的影響，並隨著氧化鈣的轉化而減少至一定值。 -
Based on the analysis of gas - solid multiphase catalytic reaction, the chemical reaction model is established. when the reaction is controlled by the chemical dynamic, the reaction rate is introduced by consideration of the adsorption and desorption effects. when the reaction is controlled by mass transfer, the diffusion coefficient is established which can present the flow rate increases in small reynolds domain ; for the internal diffusion, the internal diffusion coefficient is derived, and then the internal diffusion is coupled with chemical reaction to represent the phenomenon that the diffusion and the chemical reaction occur cocurrently
本文在考慮催化轉化器載體內發生的傳熱傳質現象的基礎上，建立了催化轉化器的一維單孔道和三維多孔道傳熱傳質模型;在分析載體內以氣-固多相催化反應為特點的工作機理的基礎上，建立了催化轉化器的化學反應模型:當催化轉化處于化學動力學控制區時，引入了考慮吸附、表面反應和脫附的表面化學反應速率公式，當催化轉化處于質量輸運控制區時，引入了決定外擴散能力的擴散系數公式和和決定內擴散速率的內擴散系數公式，並與化學反應速率相耦合，得出由擴散過程決定的化學反應速率公式。 -
According to the physical model, a mathematical model and computational method were proposed. an axially symmetric transient thermal conduction equation was put forward, which included material pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas flow and chemical reaction in charred layer. chemical reaction was controlled by chemical dynamics, and the reaction rate was computed using arrhenious equation
針對物理模型提出了相應的數學模型和數值計算方法，在材料內部建立了二維軸對稱的非穩態導熱控制方程，其中加入了材料熱解、熱解氣體流動以及炭化層內的化學反應等因素的影響，化學反應由化學動力學控制，通過arrhenius公式確定其反應速率。 -
The reaction kinetics of the sorbent with so2 was well described by the surface coverage model, which assumes that the sulfation rate is controlled by the chemical reaction on the sorbent grain surface and takes into account the surface covered by the product
吸收劑與二氧化硫的反應可用表面覆蓋模式很好地描述；該模式假設吸收劑晶粒表面之化學反應為速率控制步驟，並且考量被產物覆蓋的表面積。 -
Numerical simulation by cfd was carried out to understand the hot current behavior in a tunnel with longitudinal ventilation. it becomes clear that fire source modeling is very important because the hot current behavior is strongly affected by the fire source position and is sensitive to methods in the modeling of the fire source. the flame area which has developed from the fire source is an area of chemical reaction caused by combustion. even if grids in the vicinity of the fire source are made fine, it was difficult to simulate the heat generation area with consideration to this chemical reaction through using a method for setting the heat release rate simply on the fire source surface. therefore, we proposed a method adopting the knowledge on flame shape under the longitudinal ventilation and incorporating it into numerical simulation and it showed a good agreement with the experimental results. it was shown through experiments in a tunnel with longitudinal ventilation that the hot current developed toward the tunnel center downwind from the fire source near a wall. the cause was investigated by numerical simulation and it became clear from the results that the spiral air by the fire plume created a vortex in the crevice between the wall and the plume
運用cfd進行數字模擬，以了解縱向通風隧道內熱煙氣流的特性.通過模擬發現對火源進行模擬非常重要，熱煙氣流特性受火源位置的影響很大，並且對火源模擬方法很敏感.火源生成的火焰區是燃燒引起的化學反應區域.即使火源附近的木垛排列完好，也很難在考慮這些化學反應條件下模擬熱生成區域.建議考慮縱向通風隧道內火焰形狀並對它進行數字模擬.模擬結果與試驗結果非常吻合.試驗證明，在縱向通風隧道內，熱煙氣流從靠近墻體火源處順風向隧道中心蔓延.數字模擬結果發現，火災羽流造成的螺旋上升空氣會在墻體和羽流之間形成一個渦流區 -
Abstract : numerical simulation by cfd was carried out to understand the hot current behavior in a tunnel with longitudinal ventilation. it becomes clear that fire source modeling is very important because the hot current behavior is strongly affected by the fire source position and is sensitive to methods in the modeling of the fire source. the flame area which has developed from the fire source is an area of chemical reaction caused by combustion. even if grids in the vicinity of the fire source are made fine, it was difficult to simulate the heat generation area with consideration to this chemical reaction through using a method for setting the heat release rate simply on the fire source surface. therefore, we proposed a method adopting the knowledge on flame shape under the longitudinal ventilation and incorporating it into numerical simulation and it showed a good agreement with the experimental results. it was shown through experiments in a tunnel with longitudinal ventilation that the hot current developed toward the tunnel center downwind from the fire source near a wall. the cause was investigated by numerical simulation and it became clear from the results that the spiral air by the fire plume created a vortex in the crevice between the wall and the plume
文摘:運用cfd進行數字模擬，以了解縱向通風隧道內熱煙氣流的特性.通過模擬發現對火源進行模擬非常重要，熱煙氣流特性受火源位置的影響很大，並且對火源模擬方法很敏感.火源生成的火焰區是燃燒引起的化學反應區域.即使火源附近的木垛排列完好，也很難在考慮這些化學反應條件下模擬熱生成區域.建議考慮縱向通風隧道內火焰形狀並對它進行數字模擬.模擬結果與試驗結果非常吻合.試驗證明，在縱向通風隧道內，熱煙氣流從靠近墻體火源處順風向隧道中心蔓延.數字模擬結果發現，火災羽流造成的螺旋上升空氣會在墻體和羽流之間形成一個渦流區 -
A substance, especially an enzyme, that initiates or modifies the rate of a chemical reaction in a living body ; a biochemical catalyst
生物催化劑能在活的體內產生化學反應或改變生物體內化學反應速度的物質，尤指酶；生物化學催化劑 -
In this article, constituting some the equations which reflect the flow law and building and applying many mathematical models of physical and chemical reactions in the the plasma ignition : applying k - two equations turbulence model to calculate the turbulence parameter supplying simplied reaction systerm model and applying eddy break - up model and p - i thermal radiation model. with these reasonable simplied modles, numerically simulating the flow field in the plasma ignition. during the numerical simulation, applying the body - fitted coordinates for the complex geometry of the computional field ; using the mixing format to disperse the equations ; applying simplec algorithm method to solve the equations ; using above models and methods, it can get flow field distribution ; including temperature, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, turbulent viscosity, velocity, density. these results are significant to design and improve the plasma ignition
本文旨在通過構造反映等離子點火器內部流動規律的基本方程組，建立描述等離子點火器內部的復雜物理化學過程機制數學模型：模擬等離子發生器內部燃燒的-雙方程湍流流動模型；模擬氣體燃料在燃燒時中化學反應的簡單化學反應系統模型；模擬等離子點火器內部湍流預混燃燒的漩渦破碎模型；模擬等離子點火器高溫燃氣及其壁面的p - i輻射換熱的模型等等，對模型進行一定的合理的簡化，然後數值模擬等離子點火器內部流場的流動。 -
Non - oscillatory and non - free - parameters dissipative ( nnd ) finite difference scheme ( a total variation diminishing scheme ) with second order accuracy was adopted to solve the fluid dynamic equations, a finite rate chemical reaction model was developed to calculate ingredient producing rate, and an adi over relaxation iteration technique was used to solve the electromagnetic discretized equations
採用二階精度nnd格式求解流體力學方程組，採用有限速率化學反應模型計算組分生成率，採用交替方向隱式（ adi ）超鬆弛迭代法求解電磁場離散方程。 -
Abstract : according to the decomposition failure mechanism of the boundary reaction film and the dynamics theory of the chemical reaction, the failure process of the boundary film is quantitatively described, and then the decomposition rate of reaction film is put forward, hereby the quantitative criteria - temperature, speed and activation energy criterion, for selecting the additives are determined
文摘:根據邊界反應膜分解失效機理和化學反應動力學理論，對邊界膜的失效過程作了定量數學描述，提出了反映膜分解率的概念，據此確定了添加劑的溫度、速度和活化能等三個定量選用準則 -
The relative mass ratio of potassium acetate and water in the chemical reaction system must be controlled strictly for high intercalation rate
反應體系中，高嶺土、乙酸鉀和水的量都必須嚴格控制，才能獲得比較滿意的插層率。 -
The two - dimensional body - fitted grid was created by method of partial differential equation and zonal method. the k - equation subgrid - scale model was used to simulate the turbulent viscosity, the chemical reaction rate was determined by the subgrid ebu combustion model and the heat flux model was employed for the heat flux
運用偏微分方程和區域法生成二維貼體網格，湍流模型採用k方程亞網格尺度模型，燃燒模型採用亞網格ebu燃燒模型，採用熱通量輻射模型估算輻射通量。 -
The algebraic b - l eddy model, prandtl mixing length model as well as arrhenius finite speed rate chemical reaction combustion model is introduced to above cold - state model
引入baldwin - lomax代數方程模型、用於剪切層的普朗特混合長度湍流模型和阿累尼烏斯有限速率化學反應燃燒模型。 -
An implicit lu - sgs ( lower - symmetric gauss - seidel ) finite - volume method is used for solving the full, compressible, two - dimensional navier - stokes and species transport equations. for turbulence closure a two equation ( k - e ) model is used. the combustion process in chemical nonequilibrium is modeled by a 7 - species, 8 - reaction steps finite - rate chemistry and is implicitly coupled with the fluid motion
採用lu - sgs有限體積法求解了包括兩方程（ - ）湍流模型和7組元8方程有限速率化學反應模型的緊耦合二維n - s方程，數值模擬了氫燃料在燃燒室內的化學非平衡燃燒過程。 -
For the liquid phase method, it is discovered that the optimal encapsulation is obtained at stalling ph equal 8. 5 by the analysis of the influence of ph on the compactness. for the atmospheric chemical vapor deposition, the optimal experimental condition of coating is determined by the analysis of the influence of different reaction temperature and different flow rate of o2 and different reaction time on the compactness of the coating and the luminescent performance of the phosphor in the experimental scope
對于液相包膜，通過分析陳化ph值對膜層緻密性能的影響，發現在ph值為8 . 5陳化能夠得到最佳的包覆；對于化學氣相沉積法，通過分析不同溫度、不同氧流速、不同時間對包覆膜層緻密性能和zns ： cu材料的發光性能的影響，找到了該實驗范圍內包覆的最佳條件。
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