commencement of risk 中文意思是什麼

commencement of risk 解釋
保險責任開始
  • commencement : n. 1. 開始，發端。2. 〈the commencement〉學位授予典禮，畢業典禮；〈美國〉授獎典禮日（＝〈英國〉speech-day）。
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • risk : n 1 風險，危險；冒險。2 【保險】（損失的）風險（率）；保險金額；被保險人，被保險物。vt 冒…的危險...
  1. In any situation whatsoever and wheresoever occurring and whether existing or anticipated before commencement of or during the voyage, which in the judgment of the carrier or the master is likely to give rise to risk of capture, seizure, detention, damage, delay or disadvantage to or loss of the ship or any part of her cargo, or to make it unsafe, imprudent, or unlawful for any reason to commence or proceed on or continue the voyage or to enter or discharge the goods at the port of discharge, or to give rise to delay or difficulty in arriving, discharging at or leaving the port of discharge or the usual or agreed place of discharge in such port, the carrier may before loading or before the commencement of the voyage, require the shipper or other person entitled thereto to take delivery of the goods at port of shipment and upon failure to do so, may warehouse the goods at the risk and expense of the goods ； or the carrier or the master, whether or not proceeding toward or entering or attempting to enter the port of discharge or reaching or attempting to reach the usual place of discharge therein or attempting to discharge the goods there, may discharge the goods into depot, lazaretto, craft, or other place ; or the ship may proceed or return, directly or indirectly, to or stop at any port or place whatsoever as the master or the carrier may consider safe or advisable under the circumstances, and discharge the goods, or any part thereof, at any such port or place ; or the carrier or the master may retain the cargo on board until the return trip or until such time as the carrier or the master thinks advisable and discharge the goods at any place whatsoever as herein provided ； or the carrier or the master may discharge and forward the goods by any means, rail, water, land, or air at the risk and expense of the goods

    四、不論任何地方任何情況，不論是在開航前或航程中存在或預料到的，只要承運人或船長認為可能有導致捕獲、扣押、沒收、損害、延誤或對船舶或其貨物不利或產生滅失，或致使起航或續航或進港或在卸貨港卸貨不安全、不適當、或非法，或致使延誤或難于抵達、卸載或離開卸貨港或該港通常或約定的卸貨地，承運人可在裝貨或開航前要求發貨人或與貨物權利有關的其他人在裝貨港口提回貨物，如要求不果，可倉儲貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上；承運人或船長，不論是續航至或進入或企圖進入卸貨港，或抵達或企圖抵達港口通常的卸貨地，或企圖在此卸貨，也可將貨物卸在倉庫、檢疫站、駁船，或其他地方；船舶也可續航或回航，直接或間接地，抵達或停留在船長或承運人在此情況認為安全或適當的任何港口或地點，全部或部分將貨物卸在此港口或地點；承運人或船長也可將貨物留在船上，直到回航或直到承運人或船長認為適當時將貨物卸到本合同所規定的任何地方；承運人或船長也可卸貨並將貨物用任何交通工具，經鐵路、水路、陸路、或空運轉運貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上。
  2. Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be preserved during the risk

    在保險財產，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場合，存在一項默示條件，即在風險開始時，該項財產應為中立性質，而且在被保險人能控制的范圍內，在整個風險期間應保持這種中立性質。
  3. Risk of casualties will increase if details of the overhead line ( e. g. voltage level, distance to ground, etc. ) are not ascertained before commencement of works

    如在展開工程前並沒有確定有關架空電纜的詳細資料（例如：電壓及與地面的距離等） ，引致傷亡的風險將會增加。
  4. At the commencement of the hedging, the enterprise shall specify the hedging relationship formally ( namely the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item ) and prepare a formal written document on the hedging relationship, risk management objectives and the strategies of hedging

    （一）在套期開始時，企業對套期關系（即套期工具和被套期項目之間的關系）有正式指定，並準備了關于套期關系、風險管理目標和套期策略的正式書面文件。
  5. Where, after the commencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage

    如果在風險開始后，船舶自願地改變保險單預定的目的港，即構成航程變更。
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