companies by country 中文意思是什麼
companies by country
解釋
各國公司-
The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man
本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。 -
To research the status of the use of shell resource in china securities market, in this paper, firstly, i interpret the shell resource from the economic point of view, and point out the important significance of the study on the shell resource ; secondly, i analyze the status of the use of shell resource in our country at present including the motivation, means, benefits and cost of buying a shell ; thirdly, the status of the use of shell resource in the securities market is positive studied in the way of statistics by taking the civil listed companies as examples, this part is the emphasis of the paper ; at last, i analyze the cause that the shell resource was not used well in our securities market, and bring forward some advice at five aspects, such as perfecting the law condition of buying a shell, building up the measures of resisting risk etc
我們有必要對我國證券市場的殼資源利用狀況進行研究，以期對投資者的投資決策、證券市場監管的制定及殼資源利用績效的提高有所裨益。為了考察我國證券市場殼資源利用的狀況，本文首先從經濟學的角度對殼資源進行了解釋，並指出研究殼資源利用的重要意義；其次，分析了我國現階段殼資源利用的現狀，包括買殼的動機、方式、收益和成本；再次，以國內買殼上市企業為研究對象，用統計學的方法對我國證券市場殼資源利用狀況進行了實證分析，這部分是本文的重點；最後根據實證的結果，分析了我國證券市場殼資源利用不佳的原因，並從完善買殼的法律環境、增強風險防範措施等5方面提出了一些相應的建議。 -
Interior of the country, a great number of famous groups were threatened by the marketing crisis and marketing failure. as " juren group " fell down, " taiyangshen group " went down, " feilong group " hit the ground and many advertising kings broke down, some of the excellent companies, which had ever presented the market trend, are now sinking into the condemn of general debility or even bankruptcy. since our country takes part in the wto, the competition will turn from the domestic, partial, un - integrate one to the one of international and overall
上個世紀末波及全球的東南亞金融危機，造成東南亞地區的經濟倒退、企業倒閉；在國內， 「巨人」倒下、 「太陽神」下山、 「飛龍」落地、 「標王」破產，一大批知名企業被營銷危機和營銷失敗籠罩，過去曾是領導市場潮流風雲企業，而現在卻陷入虧損甚至破產的困境；隨著我國wto的加入，國內競爭逐步發展為國際的競爭，競爭日漸激烈，市場的競爭將由國內的、局部的、不完整的競爭轉向國際化的、全方位的競爭，市場特點將由國內市場的國際化變為國際市場的國內化，更多的企業將面臨營銷失敗。 -
Compared the equity structure and corporate governance of listed company of our country with countries such as u. s. a, japan and germany, and by game theory, this dissertation analyzes the influence mechanism of equity structure to corporate governance of a listed company from following main respects : stimulation, restriction, take - over by other company, and competition of dealership. by theoretical research, it comes to that a comparatively centralized equity structure helps to perfect corporate governance ; for its fierce competition and stability of performance, we choose the data of the industry of wholesale and retail trade listed companies of our country to analyze the influence that equity structure made to corporate governance by regression analysis, and approve it by real case. by the theory and real example, we draw the conclusion that a mode of comparatively centralized equity and main power is controlled by fictitious persons is ideal, and correspond measures are put forth to advance the economic development of our country
本文通過對我國、美國、日本利德國等發達國家的上市公司的股權結構利治理模式比較；通過採用博弈論等方法分析了上市公司股權結構對公司治理的激勵機制、監督機制、外部接管市場和代理權競爭四個方面的影響，從理論上得出相對集中的股權結構有利於完善公司治理結構：通過選取了我國競爭比較激烈、業績相對穩定的批發與零售行業的上市公司的數據、採用回歸分析的方法對不同性質和集中度的股權結構與公司業績的關系進行了實證分析，還進行了具體的案例分析，由理論利實證研究相結合得出股權結構相對集中的法人控股模式為一種理想模式，並提出了促使我國上市公司股權結構調整使治理結構合理化的相應建議。 -
With the development of the securities market of our country, it is increasingly drawing people ' s attention that more and more listed companies recompose assets by means of affiliated transaction nowadays
隨著我國證券市場的發展，近幾年來上市公司利用關聯交易進行資產重組的現象也日益引起人們的關注。 -
In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the
本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。 -
To make up the defect in listed company corporate governance structures of our country, this thesis starts with the relation between listed companies corporate governance structures and independent director systems, discusses the developmental trends of directors boards in the form of a comparative analysis in foreign countries, observes the passive consequences caused by the current situation about the personnel form of the boards of directors of listed companies of our country, puts forward setting up and perfecting the idea of the independent director system design of listed companies
建立獨立董事制度是完善我國上市公司治理的重要舉措。本論文針對我國上市公司獨立董事制度的現狀及存在問題，在比較分析國外上市公司獨立董事制度的基礎上，提出建立和完善我國上市公司獨立董事制度設計的構想，最後以我國水利類上市公司為例進行了實證研究。 -
All in all, companies are adapting to market requirements. china already gave up completely its former system of planned economy guided by governmental orders. therefore, china no longer is a pure planned - economy - country
但由於我國企業出口時的無序狀態和銷價競銷往往授人以柄，一旦產品出口到國際市場，便易於被訴傾銷。 -
It is common practice for companies to pay different commission rates for various types of sales. for example, the commission may be reduced or climinated if goods are sold through special promotions. the commission clause should specify whether the representative is entitled to a commission on sales made by another person within the same country. similarly, this clause should indicate whether any deductions are allowed against the commissions. the currency of payment - preferably a stable one - should be given, as this is an international contract
出售不同的東西支付不同的傭金對公司來說是個慣例.舉個例子，如果貨物是通過促銷賣出的，傭金就可能減少.傭金條款應該具體說明代理人是否有權得到由同一國家的另外一人通過銷售所得的傭金.同樣這個條款也應該說明根據傭金是否允許有折扣.支付貨幣最好用穩定的貨幣，因為這是國際合同 -
The collaboration of eight tv media with qin jia yuan came after the country s open - door policy to encourage joint investments by prc and hong kong companies. it will help the company tap the unfulfilled demand in the mainland for premium quality tv drama. " the collaboration also came as a recognition of qin jia yuan as an ethical media corporation, a reputation the company earned after more than a decade of active participation in the country s development of tv media related services, " added mr yang
八大媒體為配合國家開放鼓勵國內媒體單位與港資合作之政策，又由於在國內優質電視劇實在求過于供的情況下，更鑒於勤緣在國內經營業務已逾十年，一向本著合法合情合理的企業文化精神在國內發展有關電視媒體業務，故八大電視媒體均願意與勤緣達成長期合作。 -
Western mining companies abide by " mining serve the country ", " resources serve the country " concept, with the western mining capital, technology, institutional advantages and the local party committees, the government ' s attention and support, based on taojiang in taojiang integration antimony resources and the basis of yiyang, the development of other non - ferrous metal resources, and make contribution to the local economy
公司遵循西部礦業「礦業報國」 、 「資源報國」的理念，藉助西部礦業的資金、技術、體制的優勢和地方黨委、政府的重視與支持，立足桃江，在整合桃江乃至益陽銻資源的基礎上，開發其他有色金屬資源，為地方經濟獻計出力。 -
It also has real necessity to our country. this article focuses on the difference between profits after taxation of the dual annual reports, audited by native or foreign cpas separately, of the ab listed companies, as a cut - in point to assess the quality of the native accounting information. the whole article will be spread out in five dimensions, including comprehensive view, inter - sector comparison, cause research, dynamic analysis and inter - market comparison, discussing about the characteristics of the differences between the profit data disclosed in the native annual reports and that required by the international standards and the bottleneck of the quality limits of our accounting information
本文以1998 2000年ab股公司年報境內外審計后的稅后凈利差異作為研究國內會計信息質量的切入點，分總量、行業、致因、動態分析、兩市比較五個維度，集中探討了我國會計盈餘數字與國際標準之間差異的分佈特徵及制約我國會計信息質量的瓶頸所在，對于牽涉較廣機制層面的根源，本文只做簡單的評述，而將文章的重點放在對差異本身的特點與制度層面的分析。 -
Part iii will analyze roughly the inherent defects in the independent director system brought about by the subjective and objective restrictions on the independence of a director. the main part of the thesis will be part iv - independent director system in china and part v - several thoughts on improving independent director system in china, to which the author has given her priority and preference. in these two parts, general discussions have been made on the emergency and necessity of introducing and establishing the independent director system in china, detailed discussions have been made on how legislation, implementation of laws, and supervision over the company activities can make sure that after its introduction and establishment, the independent director system can play its function and role properly in such a market economy as in our country and finally move forward the perfection of corporate governance of listed companies in our country to adapt our security market more to the opening to the outside world, to meet the challenge of wto and the needs to enter the international capital market, and to promote the fast and healthy development of our socialism market economy
第一和第二部分詳細介紹了這一制度的產生背景、淵源及在世界范圍內的發展概況，獨立董事的地位和作用（尤其是著重剖析、介紹了其法律功能和選聘程序） ；第三部分簡要分析了董事獨立性的主客觀限制為這一制度帶來的固有缺陷；作為本文主要部分的第四部分「獨立董事制度在中國」和第五部分「對完善我國獨立董事制度的幾點思考」 ，是筆者用墨最多的一處，其中，除了泛泛而談在我國引入和建立這一制度的必要性和緊迫性以外，更多的是提出了如何從立法、執行和監管等環節確保這一好的制度能在引入和建立后，結合我國現有市場經濟的特點，真正發揮其應有的功效和作用，以最終達到推動我國上市公司治理結構完善，適應證券市場對外開放，迎接wto挑戰和進入國際資本市場融資的需要，促進我國社會主義市場經濟的快速健康發展。 -
Now, in our country, many listed companies prefer to equity financing, which is partly caused by the fact that corporation bonds are of low expectancy of gains and high expectancy of bankruptcy cost in our stock market
股權融資事實上的低成本使得我國上市公司普遍偏好股權融資，而公司債券的低收益預期和高預期破產成本以及普遍存在的投機心理是我國證券市場上投資者選擇股票投資的重要原因。 -
According to the china economic times, in 2005, some 8 percent of the country ' s workforce, most employed by major state - owned companies, earned 55 percent of the total salaries
據中國經濟時報， 2005年，我國大約8 %的勞動者掙的工資佔全國工資總額的55 % ，其中大多數人是國企員工。 -
That many companies of our country organize all their work by themselves is the main reason that leads to the low efficiency
而我國相當多的企業物流主要靠自己組織，這是造成整個經濟運行效率低下的重要原因。 -
Then, the essay comes up with some advice to the perfection of independent director institution by referring to the latest theory and practice of independent director institution in u. s. a and makes research into some issue of independent director of finance and the reconstruction of supervision system of finance of listed companies in our country
進而，本文借鑒美國獨立董事制度的理論進展和最新實踐對完善我國獨立董事制度提出了幾點建議，並就財務獨立董事的若干問題與我國上市公司財務監督體系的重構進行了探討。 -
By researching, the major innovations of this paper are : ( 1 ) analysises the assets and liabilities table and the loss and gain table of life insurance companies in china from 1998 to 2001 in detail, comprehensively reflects the structure of assets and liabilites in the life insurance companies even in the whole life insurance industry of our country during the recent years ; ( 2 ) on the aspect of assets management, our country should reduce the proportion of monetory assets, improve the proportion of investment assets and establish the scientific investment management system, and suitably lower the proporty of the fixed assets on the premise of guaranteeing the operation ; ( 3 ) on the aspect of management of matching assets and liabilities, the life insurance company of our country should reduce the sales of the policies of prearranged high insuranc rate, develop the new type of life insurance products and match each policy with prearranged high interest rate with high interest rate investment correspondingly ; ( 4 ) as refering to the index system of assets and liabilities management of the commercial banks in our country, it has explored that of the life insura
第三部分從壽險公司的資產管理、負債管理、資產負債匹配管理及資產負債匹配管理評價指標四個方面進行了分析和研究。本文的主要創新之處是： （ 1 ）將自1998年至2001年國內所有壽險公司的資產負債表和損益表進行了詳細的分析，比較全面地反映了我國近年來各壽險公司及整個壽險業資產負債的結構狀況； （ 2 ）在資產管理方面，我國應適當降低貨幣類資產的比例、提高投資類資產的比例並建立科學的投資管理體系、保證經營的前提下適當降低固定資產的比例、盡量減少佔用類資產的比例等； （ 3 ）在資產負債匹配管理方面，我國壽險公司應盡量減少高預定利率保單的銷售、發展新型壽險產品，每銷售一批較高預定利率的保單就應選擇相應高利率的投資與之對應匹配； （ 4 ）借鑒我國商業銀行資產負債管理的指標體系，探討了壽險公司資產負債匹配管理的指標體系。 -
This paper, with the application of system innovation theory, new - system economics and management theory, has a careful investigation on the history of the institution - transformed companies at country level, and systematically set up a management pattern suitable for the further development of them, whose key points include the following : to build up good instruction - transformed companies at country level and upgrade them according to modern enterprise system ; to achieve detachment of enterprises from the government through reducing the burden of their political and social functions by effective policies ; to set up managerial structure suitable for market mechanism ; to realize market - oriented management ; to get rid of the " insiders - dominating " situation and bring into professional managers and outside talents ; to improve the supervi sory mechanism based on common villagers and non - shareholders ; to put into practice the industrial strategy and economic concept of " property as bases, tertiary industry as focuses " ; to reconstruct with market mechanism the " villages in city " ; etc. by the research, hoping to find out one good way of new management style for countryside urbanization on theory
本文運用制度創新、新制度經濟學、公司治理學中的理論，對村級轉制公司的歷史進程進行了細致的回顧，首次提出了如何系統地構建村級轉制公司的問題，關鍵環節包括：通過產權創新實現村級轉制公司的制度、體制創新：通過行之有效的政策取向減除其行政和社會職能的負擔，使之實現政企分開：構建適合市場機制的公司治理結構、轉向經濟型公司治理；改善「內部人」控制局面，引入職業經理人機制和外來優秀人才；健全以普通股（村）民和非股東為主的監事機制；實施以「物業為基礎、第三產業為重點」的產業戰略與經濟發展觀；引入市場機制改造「城中村」 。藉此研究，希望在理論上探索一條適應農村城市化進程的管理新體制，以點及面，以廣州市的農村轉制公司為點，構思村級轉制公司的構建與經營模式，供我國農村城市化的村級轉制組織參考。 -
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