competitive effect 中文意思是什麼

competitive effect 解釋
競爭效應
  • competitive : adj 競爭的，競賽的。 competitive bidding system 招標制。 competitive examination 競爭考試。 compe...
  • effect : n 1 結果。2 效能，效果，效力，效應，作用，功效；影響。3 感觸，印象；外觀，現象。4 旨趣，意義。5 ...
  1. But in the second phase, all of these theories can still be categorized into 4 kinds : dynamic comparative advantage theories, such as the new factors theories by baldwin and kenen, the life - cycle theory by vernon and hirsh, etc ; intra - industry trade theories such as product differentiation model by stiglitz and dixit, the strategy trade theory by spense, brander and krugman, and so on ; the endogenous trade theory such as technology overflow effect and learning curves theory by romer and krugman, the neo - classic trade theory by tucher and young, and the like ; and the competitive advantage theory by michael porter

    在這一時期，經濟學家們提出了形形色色的理論，出現了「百家爭鳴」局面。基本上可以歸于以下四大類型:一是動態的比較優勢理論;二是產業內貿易理論;三是內生國際貿易理論;四是競爭優勢理論。各個階段的比較優勢理論有其時代特點，但一個共同點是:比較優勢始於成本差異，並一直沒有突破成本差異，而不考慮產品的附加值。
  2. But, in our province, the suppliers have many problems, such as the big bullwhack effect, the information symmetry of internal members, the bad delivery reliability, the low market responsiveness, the poor flexibility, the high cost of supplier chain and the low efficiency of property management in supplier chains and so on, these questions caused the supplier chain enterprises market in our province have low comprehensive competitive power and it was hard to competent with the international steep competition

    但是，我省現在的許多供應鏈存在著牛鞭效應大、內部成員信息不對稱、交貨的可靠性差、市場響應度低、柔性差、供應鏈的成本交易高和供應鏈的資產管理效率低等方面的問題，這些問題導致了我省供應鏈企業市場綜合競爭力低下，難以勝任國際化的激烈競爭。
  3. On one hand, the industry standard as the strategically core can increase the network effect, reduce the incertitude and customer lock - in, as well as form the competitive platform

    一方面，作為戰略核心的產業標準在競爭中能擴大了網路效應、減少不確定性、減少消費、者鎖定、形成競爭的標準平臺、產生對競爭者的控制，並促使競爭向專業化深入。
  4. Genetic diversity and phylogeny of 55 slow - growing rhizobia isolated from peanut ( arachis hypogaea ) in china were determined by analysis of host - plant range, phynotype, 16s rrna rflp, 16s rrna sequence, 16s - 23s igs rflp, rapd, rep - pcr, dna - dna hybridization homology. at the same time, the competitive nodulation capacity of rhizobia, effect of host plants and soil ph on the rhizobia were determined for screening and improvement of high effective rhizobium inoculant

    本研究採用宿主范圍試驗、表型性狀測定、 16srrna - rflp 、 16srrna序列分析、 16s - 23srdnaigsrflp分析、 rapd分析、 rep - pcr分析和dna - dna同源性分析等技術系統研究了從我國不同地域分離的55株花生根瘤菌的遺傳多樣性及其在根瘤菌系統發育中的地位和相互關系。
  5. We analyze agent cooperation methods now commonly in use, and, on the basis of ecology and experiences, we propose a competitive price auction contract network protocol. while using the same network traffic volume as the simple auction, our strategy of second overbid competitive price auction can achieve the same effect as the traditional auction. further, we improve traditional contract network protocol, introduce constraints into message transmit, and use fell back punishment and credit when an agent cannot complete the intended task, consequently the traffic volume and the complexity of systems are considerably reduced

    本文分析了現在通常採用的agent協同方法，提出基於生態學和經驗的競價拍賣合同網協議，採用的選擇次高價競價拍賣策略能在與簡單拍賣相同的通信量上達到類似於傳統競價拍賣的效果，對傳統的合同網協議進行改進，在消息傳播中加入約束機制和對agent不能完成任務時不採取轉變角色重新招標而採用違約懲罰和信用機制，減少了系統的通信量和系統的復雜度，最後在此基礎上實現一個基於fipa標準的多agent電子商務原型系統。
  6. This dissertation describes the present rusult of the theoretic researches on harbor & navigation economy system during the course of the constriction of international shipping center of shanghai. aimed at the research goal, combinational theory of competitive advantage is developed in this dissertation. which combines the theory of common competitive advantage combines the conglomerate economy, regional advantage and other concerned theories to analyze domino effect of finance, trade and economy caused by harbor & navigation industry in the center city ; the advantage theory of balanced game, which mainly studies how to achieve an effective result of balanced game among every parties, puts more emphasis on the research of collaboration and negotiation that have collective advantage to analyze the relationship between competition and collaboration among different harbor owners under different operating circumstances ; the advantage theory of the reciprocal d evelopment of the harbor and the ambient area is an important paresis, not only can it accomplish its own development goal but can also offer some developing opportunities for its counterparts and the two will endeavor together to construct the international shipping center

    本文在總結前人研究成果的基礎上，概述了上海國際航運中心建設中有關港航經濟系統的理論研究現狀，並針對本文的研究目標提出了競爭優勢組合理論，分別是一般競爭優勢理論? ?結合了集聚經濟、區位優勢等相關理論，以此來分析港航產業在金融、貿易、經濟中心城市的集聚經濟效應；均衡博弈的優勢理論? ?主要研究如何在各種利益團體之間達成一種有效的均衡博弈結果，側重於對合作博弈、協商機制等具備集體優勢的研究，以此來分析港口利益主體之間在不同經營環境下（民營化前後）的競協博弈關系；港區（港口與區域）互動發展的優勢理論? ?港口與區域的互動發展是國際航運中心建設的重要前提，雙方基於良性循環的共同發展在滿足自身發展目標的同時也為對方提供了發展機遇，並共同為國際航運中心的建設而作出努力。
  7. In 1958, two economist modigliani and miller proposed famous mm theory. they argued that capital structure has no effect on enterprise value in the completely competitive capital market later on, many papers about enterprise finance have analyzed capital structure in terms of tax capital cost agency cost and incomplete contract because completely competitive market does not exist in reality, capital structure has particular function on interior message stimulation mechanism and control righto this article just discusses these aspects, that is, studies governance structure reform in terms of capital theory

    1958年，兩位經濟學家modigliani和miller提出了著名的mm理論，其大意是，在完全競爭的資本市場上，企業的資本結構不影響企業的價值。此後，許多有關企業金融的文獻分別從稅收、資金成本、代理成本、不完全契約等方面對企業資本結構的設計和功能進行了分析。由於完全競爭的資本市場在現實中並不存在，資本結構在向外部的投資者顯示企業內部的信息、決定控制權的安排及提供激勵等方面，都有其特殊的功能，從而影響乃至決定企業的價值。
  8. In this model, we discuss the effect of tax policy on economic growth on the condition of market competitive equilibrium. two chief conclusions are drawn : firstly, when the government has carried out steady tax policies, for consumers there exists unique optimal capital stock path along which economy can grow sostenuto and steadily ; when the tax path given by the government converge to some constant tax rate, there still exists one capital stock path which can make the whole economy grow gradually and converge evenly to the optimal state. secondly, the optimal tax path has turnpike property

    在該模型中，我們討論了在市場均衡條件下，稅收政策對經濟增長的影響，得到兩個主要結論：一、當政府實行穩定的稅收政策時，消費者存在著唯一的最優資本存量路徑，沿著此路徑經濟能夠持續平穩並且最優地增長；當政府給定的稅收路徑不穩定但能收斂到某個常值稅收率時，此時也存在一條資本存量路徑，它能使整個經濟漸近平穩地增長，並且最終收斂到最優狀態。
  9. The authors revealed the following findings in their research : both the short - term effect and long - term development of the construction of high performance athlete teams in institutes of higher learning must be considered in high performance athlete recruitment by institutes of higher learning ; on the one hand, the construction of high performance athlete teams in institutes of higher learning should be expedited according to the actual circumstances currently existing and based mainly on fully sharing athlete resources in the sports system, especially, attention should be showered on the joint construction of institutes of higher learning and athlete teams, so as to ensure that the educational system can undertake and fulfill tasks for participating in world games ; on the other hand, recruitment policies favorable for encouraging middle and elementary schools to develop competitive sport backup talent cultivation should be established, so as to form a competitive sport backup talent cultivation system that is led by institutes of higher learning and integrates colleges, middle schools and elementary schools

    摘要高校高水平運動員的招生必須兼顧高校高水平運動隊建設的短期效應和長遠發展，一方面要針對當前的實際情況，以充分共享體育系統運動員資源為主，加快高校高水平運動隊的建設，特別是要重視高校與運動隊的共建，以確保教育系統承擔和完成參加世界大賽的任務；另一方面要制定有利於鼓勵中、小學開展學校競技體育后備人才培養的招生政策，形成以高校為龍頭，大、中、小學「一條龍」的學校競技體育后備人才培養體系。
  10. Regional theory directs space locating of daily urban system periphery in daily urban system or broader region range. centre - periphery theory require the development of daily urban system periphery think over radiant function of daily urban system center, and try to make trickling - down effect have more power than backwash effect. competitive edge theory and innovation theory explain that daily urban system periphery plays an important role in daily urban system in chongqing municipality and supports a selected measure of accelerating development in beibei district

    區位理論指導著都市圈外圍區在都市圈及更大區域范圍中的空間定位；核心一邊緣理論則要求，都市圈外圍區的發展應充分考慮都市圈核心區的輻射作用，並積極實現「涓滴效應」強于「回波效應」 ；競爭優勢理論和創新理論則認為，都市圈外圍區在重慶都市圈中將會扮演重要角色，也支撐著北暗區實現加速發展的途徑選擇。
  11. Detection of antigen - binding affinity of mg7 recombinant phage antibody elisa was repeated to confirm the antigen - binding affinity of positive clones screened out in the former procedure ; these positive phages were examined by restriction analysis ( ecor i and hind iii ) ; competitive elisa was performed to test the inhibitory ratio of these positive clones to the binding affinity of mg7mab and its relevant antigen, the positive dones possessing apparent inhibitory effect were singled out for later use

    X陽性克到駛知烘扳原kbbjg ）濁對陽性克隆進行限制隴臥賜析（ uwi和hedlll ）鑒定三用競爭elisatoljmg7重組噬菌體抗體性克隆對mg7單扶與其相應抗原結合忙的喇率，從中j ） ed出對mg7單抗與期眩抗原結合有抑余j效應的克隆用於進一涉研究。
  12. But, because of different competitive power, the most beneficial industry is sick industry, then followed by costume industry, cotton textile industry, woolen textile industry and liner fabrics industry due to the technology and scale, the competition may bring some negation effect

    但從分行業來看，由於各子行業的競爭力不同，加入wto受益由大到小依次是絲綢和服裝行業、綿紡織業、毛紡織、麻紡織，由於技術和規模等原因可能有負面影響。
  13. Chapter six discusses how enterprises use value chain to implement customer value strategy, first introduces how to reconstruct the value chain of enterprise basing on customer value. then illustrates how to integrate enterprise ' s resource and competence to achieve cooperative effect through value chain in order to improving the difficulties of imitation and realizing competitive advantage. finally explains that enterprises still need to create customer value through value nets to gain competitive advantage with the arrival of cybereconomy

    第六章討論企業如何運用價值鏈來實施顧客價值戰略，首先介紹如何以顧客價值為導向重構企業的價值鏈，接著論述如何通過價值鏈整合企業資源和能力以產生協同效應，提高競爭對手模仿難度，實現競爭優勢，最後還闡述了隨著網路經濟的來臨，企業還需通過價值網創造顧客價值，實現競爭優勢。
  14. Non - nationalitization of multinational corporation and its effect on the competitive power on chinese industry

    跨國公司無國籍化發展趨勢及其對我國產業競爭力的影響
  15. Any information which is by nature confidential ( for example, because its disclosure would be of significant competitive advantage to a competitor or because its disclosure would have a significantly adverse effect upon a person supplying the information or upon a person from whom the supplier acquired the information ), or which is provided on a confidential basis by parties to an investigation shall, upon good cause shown, be treated a such by the authorities

    任何原屬機密性質的信息（例如，由於信息的披露會給予一競爭者巨大的競爭優勢，或由於信息的披露會給信息披露者或給向信息獲得者提供信息的人士帶來嚴重不利影響） ，或由調查參加方在保密基礎上提供的信息，主管機關應在對方說明正當原因后，按機密信息處理。
  16. Now we have the small and medium - sized business of representative for a company ' s electromechanical profession in homeland, the manpower resource management present situation investigation analysis, discover the program of the manpower resource of a company ’ s recruit 、 training 、 effect check and salary reward system have many problems : the function of a company ' s manpower resource management is as follows, the company ’ s management is the experience of each department class cadre of straight line, especially lacks effect check system ; employees lack competitive consciousness, lacking actuating pressure, the employees lose initiatives gradually ; the manpower resource management of a company is confined to only somewhat daily recruit, salary capital calculation provide wait for general affairs, manpower resource management is not obvious for strategic influence as well as and strategic connection

    在筆者對a公司這樣一個在國內機電行業具有代表性的中小型企業的人力資源管理現狀進行調查分析后，發現a公司的人力資源的規劃、招聘、培訓、績效考核及薪酬體系存在很多問題： a公司人力資源管理的功能不足，甚至缺失；公司以各直線部門班幹部的經驗化管理為主，尤其缺乏績效考核體系；員工普遍缺乏競爭意識，缺乏工作壓力，由於缺乏績效評估，沒有有效的激勵，干好乾壞差不多，員工逐漸失去進取心； a公司的人力資源管理只限於一些日常的招聘、薪資計算發放等事務，人力資源管理對戰略的影響以及和戰略的聯系都不明顯。
  17. Competition among local governments in china for attracting inventors and economic competitive effect

    從招商引資大戰看我國地方政府經濟競爭效應
  18. The results indicated that as the intensity of sward cleavage increased, elymus nutans and other plants that had high requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an increased competitive edge and the species that had low requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an opposite picture ; low - intensity sward cleavage could help increase species diversity to a certain extent, but the diversity index appeared to decline as a whole as the cleavage intensity increased ; the effects of sward cleavage on functional groups of the vegetations showed in such manner as e. nutans - represented grasses increased in their composition with the intensity of sward cleavage raised, and sedges and forbs decreased in their compositions with the intensity of sward cleavage raised ; sward cleavage showed a significant improving effect on primary productivity of the meadows and was capable of increasing the proportion of quality - grass biomass to the total plant biomass ; sward cleavage could be independently employed as an effective measure to rehabilitate and improve alpine - meadow grasslands and thus played a basic and key role in the technical combination aiming at establishing hay fields characterized by e. nutans

    結果表明：垂穗披堿草等對土壤通透性和資源空間要求較高的物種，競爭力隨劃破強度的增加而上升，而對土壤通透性和資源空間要求相對較低的物種則相反；輕度劃破干擾對提高物種豐富度具有一定的促進作用，但多樣性指數則總體上表現為隨劃破強度的增加而呈下降的趨勢；劃破干擾對植被功能群的影響表現為以垂穗披堿草為代表的禾草類組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著上升，莎草類和雜類草組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著下降；劃破干擾對草地初級生產力的提升具有顯著的促進作用，且可顯著增加植物總量中優質牧草的比重；劃破干擾可獨立作為高寒草甸類草地恢復與改良的有效措施，在定向培育垂穗披堿草型割草場的技術組合中具有核心和基礎性的地位。
  19. Demonstration and replication effects are refer to the local foreign - funded enterprises which have more than advanced technology and products for local enterprises have a role model ; competitive effects are the increasing pressure that the original foreign bringing to. the situation is that domestic rivals have to raise their technological level ; contact effect refers the direct interaction between enterprises outside purely market transactions, including forward linkages and backward linkages ; effect refers to the movement of foreign - funded training skilled workers 、 managers entering in host country, or foreign - funded staff in the host country having a certain level of technology after the " switch " to domestic enterprises

    示範和模仿效應指由於外資企業有比當地企業更為先進的技術和產品，從而對當地企業產生了示範作用;競爭效應指外資企業打破了市場原有的均衡，增加競爭壓力，迫使國內競爭對手提高技術水平，使國內企業在競爭中壯大，並引起當地企業的模仿;聯系效應指的是純粹的市場交易以外的企業間相互影響的直接關系，它包括向前聯系和向後聯系;人員的流動效應指的是外資企業培訓的技術工人、管理人員進入東道國國內;或東道國內的外資企業工作人員在掌握了一定的技術水平后經過「跳槽」后為國內企業服務。
  20. In the chapter, the writer has analyzed the actuality of subnational tax competition in our country, including the surrounding and characteristic, the special forms, the competitive effect and the cause of the subnational tax competition

    第二部分是本文的重點所在。分析了我國政府間稅收競爭的現狀，包括我國政府間稅收競爭的環境和特點、表現形式、競爭效應及原因分析。
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