concentration of enterprises 中文意思是什麼

concentration of enterprises 解釋
企業集中
  • concentration : n. 1. 集中。2. 【化學】提濃，蒸濃，濃縮；濃度；稠密度；【礦物】汰選，選礦，富化。3. 集中注意，專心。
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • enterprises : 支持發展大企業放開小企業
  1. Many economists, from adam smith, carl marx, marshall to bain, galbraith and chandler, have treatises on the tendency of enterprises " becoming larger. in more than two hundred years, we can see the track of their thought in their respective works : the wealth of the nations, principles of economics, the theory of industrial organization, monopoly and economic concentration, and visible hand

    關于企業大型化的趨勢從亞當?斯密開始，經馬克思、馬歇爾、到貝恩、加爾布雷斯和小艾爾弗雷德?錢德勒，二百多年來，國外學者論著眾多，我們可以從《國富論》 、 《資本論》 、 《經濟學原理》 、 《產業組織論》 、 《新產業國家》和《看得見的手》等系列文獻中看到他們的理論思想軌跡。
  2. It aimed at promoting the connection between the world market economy and the south africa market economy, through adjusting the concentration ratio of economy, bridging the gap between the rich and the poor, and supporting the medium and small - sized enterprises

    1994年非國大政府上臺后，開始推行一系列政治經濟改革，以改變南非過高的經濟集中度、減少貧富差距、扶持黑人所有的中小企業的競爭力，促進南非市場經濟與世界接軌。
  3. Ownership concentration is the ultimate feature of corporation ’ s ownership structure, and also the basic direction of state - owned enterprises ’ corporation reform

    首先在界定所有權集中概念之後，論述了所有權集中的動因與實現形式，以及所有權集中的治理優勢與潛在成本。
  4. In late 19th century after mass concentration of production and accumulation of the capital, a group of monopoly enterprises with powerful control to the market emerged in the industrial country, such as britain and unite states. the activities of these enterprises had drought much attention from the scholars. based on the studying of those activities, the theory of modern anti - monopoly was fundamentally formed

    19世紀後期，英、美等工業化國家出現通過大規模生產集中（資本積聚）等原始積累方式建立起來的壟斷企業，市場壟斷的危害性開始受到廣泛的重視，在對壟斷現象進行深入研究的基礎上，現代反壟斷理論得到了進一步的發展。
  5. Results : 47 enterprises were using n - hexane and 554 workers exposure to n - hexane ; the concentration of n - hexane in 3 enterprises were exceeded the occupational exposure limit ; achilles ' s tendon reflex of 3 workers were disappeared ; and most of enterprises lacked of occupational health management and protection measures

    結果：崑山市共有47家企業使用正已烷，接觸人數共554人；有3家企業正已烷濃度超標；職業性健康檢查人數共54人，其中有3人腱反射減退或消失；多數企業職業衛生管理和防護措施落實不到位。
  6. Economic monopoly including monopoly caused by concentration of production and natural monopoly characterized by the subadditivity of cost. administrative monopoly is one kind of super - economic monopoly with the abuse of administrative power. monopoly enterprises capture the monopoly profit through controlling the market price with monopolistic output, consumer has to pay more before the optimal output

    根據壟斷形成的原因，可以分為經濟性壟斷和行政性壟斷，經濟性壟斷包括建立在生產集中（或資本積聚）基礎上的經濟壟斷，也包括以成本次可加（資源獨占）為特性的自然壟斷；以行政權力干預市場形成的壟斷，則是一種超經濟的行政壟斷。
  7. During this time, researches on big business almost developed along two roads : one is the theory of industrial organization in western economics, which focuses on applying " structure - conduct - performance " mode to studying the formation and development of big business ; the other is the theory of capital concentration in marxism, which profoundly analyzes that in competition the motivation of pursuing surplus value drives enterprises to expand, and finally the general rule that competition results in concentration which further results in monopolistic large firms is drawn

    這期間，對大企業的研究基本上是沿著兩個理論範式發展的。一個是西方經濟學中的產業組織理論，偏向于應用市場結構-行為-績效的分析範式來研究大企業的形成和發展特點；另一個是馬克思主義經濟學中的資本集中理論，深刻分析了在競爭條件下，追逐剩餘價值是刺激企業不斷擴張的動力機制，從而進一步揭示出競爭引起生產和資本的集中，集中又將導致壟斷大企業產生的一般規律。
  8. On the one hand, the industrial organizational optimum and the industrial intensivism is the result of enterprises " self - organization, in the process of pursuing profits, under the regulation of " the invisible hand ", enterprises continually enlarge their scale, enhance efficiency and promote the concentration of production. moreover they harmonize their relations through building big corporations and establishing long - term dealing relation ; on the other hand, the relations between enterprises of one certain industry, namely, industrial organization may be optimum ( as available competition ), may be not ( as excessive competition and high monopoly )

    一方面，產業組織優化和產業集約發展是企業自組織的結果，企業追求自身利益的過程中，在「看不見的手」的調節下不斷擴大企業規模，提高效率，推動著生產的集中，並通過組建企業集團或通過企業間確立長期交易關系協調了企業間關系；另一方面，由企業自組織力量推動形成的特定產業中的企業與企業間的關系，即產業組織，可能是優化的（如有效競爭） ，也可能是劣化的（如過度競爭和高度壟斷） 。
  9. Second, we must continue to promote the industry structure adjustment, and unswervingly follow the road development groups, enterprises through joint merger, reorganization of assets, etc., and raise the concentration

    二是要繼續推進行業組織結構調整，堅定不移地走集團式發展道路，企業通過聯合兼并資產重組等形式，提高行業的集中度。
  10. We should formulate energy - saving economic policies for the development of liquor industrial techniques as follows : to attach importance to energy - saving, environmental protection, the utilization of circular economy, bioengineering, solid distillation, storage, blending and flavoring, and the production and the determination of low - alcohol liquor ; to make limitation and elimination in lavish packing, the development of small - scale liquor enterprises, and the production and the sales of unpackaged liquor etc. ; and to strengthen governmental support and social concern on the development of liquor - making industry, to establish a unified, open, orderly and competitive liquor market, to perfect taxation policies and strengthen the taxation management, and to establish technical innovation system and increase production concentration ratio etc

    在白酒產業技術發展方向制訂節能技術經濟政策，開發提高節能、環保、循環經濟應用、生物工程、固態蒸餾、貯存、勻兌調味、低度酒的生產和分析檢測等技術；限制和淘汰過度包裝、規模以下白酒企業的發展、散裝白酒的生產和銷售等；加強政府對白酒產業的發展支持和社會的關注，建立全國統一、開放、競爭、有序的白酒市場，完善稅收政策、加強稅收征管，建立技術創新體系，增強白酒行業的創新能力，提高生產的集中度等。
  11. In the future, china must import much crude oil from mid - east, west - africa and asia - pacific area. it ' s necessary to import the concentration and the competition of the refinery enterprises

    今後新增的石油需求主要依靠進口原油解決，其中多為通過海運進口中東、西非和亞太地區原油，大部分是高含硫原油，建設大規模的進口高含硫原油加工基地、提高煉油企業的集中度和整體競爭能力是必要的。
  12. But under the increasing competition background of the medical industry, tonghua medical industry begins to enter into the important period of transition in which the competing power of the market should be enhanced quickly. the conflicts that the degree of concentration of this industry is not high and the scale effect is unconspicuous appear step by step, and many enterprises for pharmacy fall across questions of lack in developmental stamina

    但是，在醫藥行業競爭日益加劇的背景下，通化醫藥產業開始進入市場競爭力亟待提升的重要轉折期，產業集中度不高、規模效應不明顯的矛盾逐步顯現，多數制藥企業遇到發展后勁不足問題。
  13. After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks

    如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。
  14. Further streamline leading steel & iron enterprises such as dazhou steel and weiyuan steel and promote degree of industrial concentration

    進一步整合達鋼、威鋼等骨幹鋼鐵企業，提高產業集中度。
  15. Our listed companies are mostly converted from the original state - owned enterprises, so, whether in equity ownership and equity concentration, our equity structure are rather special and with different characteristics concerning with the mature markets of developed countries

    由於我國的上市公司大多是原來的國有企業轉化而來，股權結構比較特殊，無論是股權性質還是股權集中程度具有與成熟市場發達國家截然不同的特點。
  16. The strength for the merger and recombination is becoming more and more heavy, trade concentration degrees are becoming more higher and higher. . under the severe situation, on the basis of the thing that look at internal and external environment carefully as soon as possible, chinese spare part enterprises must made suitable strategic choice through the analysis of goal market

    汽車零部件行業兼并重組力度越來越大，行業集中度會越來越高。規模化和集團化已成為中國汽車零部件企業參與市場競爭，贏得競爭優勢的基本條件… …在此嚴峻形勢下，中國零部件企業必須盡快在慎視內外環境的基礎上，通過對目標市場的分析與研究作出戰略選擇。
  17. The vigorous situation appears in our country in " third party logistics ", i will introduce the reason such as economy, politics, academy, technology, market why third party ' s logistics enterprises rise in our country briefly, several kinds of present main operation modes : it is not assets type " the logistics mode, basic logistics service mode, combine the mode, comprehensive logistics agency ' s mode, centralized logistics mode organically, and development strategy : according to the expansion type strategy, keeping type strategy, tightening type strategy that the developing direction divide ; manage according to business concentration that relevance divide into development strategy, diversification deal in the development strategy ; according to the comprehensive logistics strategy that range and function of the logistics enterprises service divide, systematized logistics strategy, strategic, differential and low cost logistics strategy of flexibility logistics ; make management strategy according to cooperative type longitudinal cooperative management strategy, horizontal cooperative management strategy, network compound that divide into of enterprise

    摘要「第三方物流」在我國呈現蓬勃發展的態勢，文中我將簡要介紹了一下第三方物流企業在我國興起的諸如經濟、政治、學術、技術、市場方面的原因，目前的幾種主要運作模式：非資產型物流模式、基礎物流服務模式、有機整合模式、綜合物流代理模式、集中物流模式，以及發展戰略：按發展方向分為擴張型戰略、維持型戰略、緊縮型戰略；按業務相關性分為集中經營發展戰略、多樣化經營發展戰略；按物流企業服務的范圍和機能整合性分為綜合物流戰略、系統化物流戰略、柔性化物流戰略、差別化和低成本化物流戰略；按企業間的合作類型分為縱向合作經營戰略、橫向合作經營戰略、網路化合作經營戰略。
  18. The company is located in the famous chinese town - - - dainan of stainless steel, is a concentration of raw materials, metallurgy, processing, research and development, production, sales, which integrates stainless steel products enterprises

    本公司座落在聞名遐邇的中國不銹鋼名鎮- - -戴南，是集原料、冶金、加工、研發、生產、銷售於一體的不銹鋼製品的企業。
  19. Tourism industry netvvork is the organically integrate phenomenon of tourism destination systems with different ranks and types. it is the congregation with noticeable concentration and complement that based on the cooperation of local government departments and the traffic une, and embodied by the united management of tourism enterprises

    旅遊業網路是用系統論的觀點審視區域旅遊業合作發展的結果，它是不同等級、不同類型的旅遊地系統的有機合一現象，是以地方行政管理機關合作為基礎，以交通線為紐帶，以旅遊企業聯營為表現的集合體，具有明顯的集聚和互補功能。
  20. On concentration phenomenon of villagers ' enterprises of zhejiang

    浙江的民營企業集群現象研究
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