conflict of law rules 中文意思是什麼
conflict of law rules
解釋
法律沖突的法規-
Through comparative analysis and thorough study on the substantive and conflict rules for negotiorum gestio in major countries, this article designs a set of choice of law roles for negotiorum gestio that should appear in the coming " law of application of laws in civil matters involving foreign elements ", which reads as follows : negotiorum gestio should he governed by the place where the act of negotiorum gestio is carried out
摘要通過比較研究主要國家關于無因管理的實體法制度和法律適用規則，將我國未來《涉外民事關系法律適用法》關于無因管理的法律適用規則設計為：無因管理，適用管理行為實施地法。 -
Naturally the nurturing of this special value orientation needs certain environment : the vigorous development of the consumer movement and the consumer sovereignty doctrine adopted by many governments make consumer protection almost a universal legislative policy ; material justice weighs more and more heavily in the process of choosing applicable laws when conflict - justice - oriented traditional conflict rules fail to produce fair and reasonable results in the fast changing society. section one tries to delineate this adjustment of conflict law ' s value orientation and defines what is a foreign - related consumer contract
這種特殊價值取向的生成需要一定的現實條件：一方面，消費者運動的蓬勃開展和消費者主權理論促使許多國家紛紛明確將消費者保護作為自己的立法政策；另一方面，旨在實現沖突正義的傳統沖突法往往會造成實體上的不正義，為糾正這一弊病，實質正義的地位得到了前所未有的重視，沖突法的演進過程中出現了向實質正義的傾鈄。 -
During the american conflicts revolution, various flexible choice - of - law methods and doctrines were put forward to replace the traditional " hard and fast " conflict rules for the sake of material justice
在美國， 「沖突法革命」中誕生的各種新學說對傳統沖突法的貌似中立紛紛發難，進而主張代之以更為彈性、更能體現實質正義的沖突規則。 -
We must have a comprehensive and objective understanding of dicey ’ s theoretical system. he was launched from three aspects : first, in the conflict law or private international law sense, the discussion of the nature of the subject, including the case of a foreign element, the division of the england law, the explain of the ambiguity of " law of a given country ", the time of the emergence of the rules about choice of law is later than the local law, the reasons for the application of foreign law, the similarities among the rules about choice of law of civilized nations ; second, the appropriate methods for the treatment of conflict of laws, including theoretical method and positive method ; third, the general principles underlying the rules or maxims which collectively make up the branch of law, including six principles of jurisdiction and choice of law
然而，本文認為這些批判中存在著對戴西理論認識上的局限性。戴西運用實證的方法，在充分考察英國國際私法的基礎上，承認了法律域外效力，客觀劃分了法律部門，提出了保護既得權這一原則。通過對戴西既得權理論的重述，對既有的對戴西理論的評價的反思，本文重新評價了戴西的既得權理論，並且發掘了既得權方法對于國際私法的現實意義，從而有益於國際私法的理論研究和實踐發展。 -
An operational analysis on conflict of laws and choice of law rules in administrative litigation
行政審判依據間的沖突及選擇的操作分析 -
Firstly, at the early time the rules changed from time to time because at that time the new colonial area was still in trouble. secondly, in 1937, the native law and courts act with strong racialism was passed, which copied the south africa the native administration act of 1927. finally, in 1969, the african law and tribal courts act was passed, which radically changed the approach to the inter - personal conflict of laws and reorganized the structure of the courts, which led to a basically unconnected, tripartite court system, and at the same time provided new grounds for the application of the customary law
在殖民初期（ 1889 - 1937 ） ，由於當時新的殖民地還處于動蕩不安之中，殖民政府對法院體制的建立和習慣法的認可和適用也是變換不定的; 1937年通過了《土著法和法院法》 ，該法是南非1927年《土著人管理法》的重復，帶有強烈的種族主義色彩;以及1969年通過的《非洲法和土著法院法》 ，該法建立了完全沒有聯系的三重法院結構，並對習慣法的適用確定了新的范圍。 -
Among the rules, the system of public summons for exhortation to tell the period to turn to make the negotiable instrument behavior invalid, obvious conflict of this law provision and the negotiable instrument for no reason existence, check and supervision the negotiable instrument circulates extensively
其中規定「公示催告期間轉讓票據行為無效」 ，這一法律規定與票據的善意取得、票據無因性存在明顯沖突，制約了票據的廣泛流通。 -
There are two methods of resolving the conflict of law of intellectual property right, i. e. the uniform substantive rules and conflict rules
解決知識產權法律沖突的方法有兩種，即統一實體法和沖突法。 -
The relations between " directly applicable law " and reservation of public order, conflict rules of private international law and uniform substantive rules are also unclear. therefore, it has positive significance to clarify the status of " directly applicable law " in the theory of private international law, for the guidance to the practice of the private international law. the concept of " directly applicable law " was not fabricated by the international law scholars, but stemmed from judicial practice
盡管對此研究的學者很多，但對于「直接適用的法」這一理論范疇，與業已建立的國際私法框架體系中的公共秩序制度、沖突規范和統一實體規范之間的關系仍不甚明確，特別是有的學者以「公共秩序的積極功能」來否定「直接適用的法」存在的獨立性，這樣，使「直接適用的法」在國際私法中成了一個「不明身份」的制度。 -
This article, in sequence of the three solutions to interregional legal conflicts, analyses the application of reservation of public order in the three stages : analogizing rules of private international law, enacting interregional conflict law respectively in every legal unit and enacting uniform interregional conflict law
本文立足於我國區際沖突法上的公共秩序保留制度，以解決區際沖突的3種方式為線索，依次分析了類推適用國際私法規則、各法域分別制定區際沖突法以及制定全國統一的區際沖突法這三個階段公共秩序保留制度的適用。 -
As a type of good taxes, corporate income tax plays an important role in protecting domestic industries and improving competitiveness of domestic industries under the circumstances of tariff restriction and concession, in solving the conflict between the flexibility of accounting principles and the rigidity of tax law, which arises from financial frauds. second, the interrelationship between tax rules and accounting standards is discussed. the author makes it clear that taxation accounting is a complete set of taxation codes
突出從所得稅作為一種「良稅」固有的功能、關稅約束與減讓的國內產業保護與競爭力提高問題、財務造假和欺詐案中引發的會計準則彈性與稅法剛性爭執等背景下研究企業所得稅的改革；第二，分析了稅收規則與會計準則之間的內在聯系，明確指出一部納稅會計就是一本完整的納稅法典。 -
The first section : cross - border issuing and listing of securities, its legal characteristic, regulations and rules involved. the second section : some private law issues with regard to cross - border issuing, including legal status of issuers, methods of listing, corporate governance ; class rights and minority protection, conflict and application of laws, etc. the third section : legal supervision on the cross - border listing and the international regulatory cooperation. the last section : based on the analysis of the legal systems of developed securities market, international practice and the review of prc oversea listing system, the reformational and legislative proposals on the prc oversea listing system and international regulatory cooperation pattern are given in the paper respectively
本文具體包括四個部分：第一部分主要探究跨境證券發行與上市及其法律特點和所涉及的法律規則；第二部分從私法的角度，對跨境證券發行與上市中所面臨的幾個核心和熱點法律問題進行了研究，主要包括發行人的主體資格、發行與上市的方式、公司治理問題、類別股與類別股東保護，以及法律沖突與法律適用等問題；第三部分從公法的視角，就跨境證券發行與上市的法律監管及國際間的合作進行探討；第四部分在考察我國現行的海外上市制度的基礎上，筆者根據我國的實際情況和從發展的角度，就我國海外發行與上市制度所存在的問題及其完善、我國如何參與國際監管合作等提出了初步的意見和建議。 -
First is the restriction of company law about the related transactions, brings up policies ideas about amending company law through drawing lessons from legislation experience of the western countries. next is the restriction of negotiable securities law about the related transactions, brings up policies ideas about amending negotiable securities law. finally, brings up to coordinate the conflict in the law items, and to strengthen the connection of the legal rules
首先是我國上市公司關聯交易的公司法規制，借鑒西方國家關聯交易立法經驗，提出了修訂我國《公司法》的立法建議：拓展公司法調整對象，突破公司法立法原則，重新構架公司法制度安排，北方工業大學學位論文從事前保護和事後救濟兩方面確立了一系列旨在保護上市公司中小股東及債權人利益的制度：然後是我國上市公司關聯交易的證券法規制，提出了修訂我國《證券法》的立法建議：明確規定加公司關聯蝎的信息披露制度；最後，提出應協調法律條文的沖突，加強法律規范的銜接。 -
In the convention the word " law " means the rules of law in force in a state other than its rules of conflict of laws. article 18 the provisions of the convention may be disregarded when their application would be manifestly incompatible with public policy ordre public
從表面上看，條文似乎要求使用「集合各項接觸」方法，但條文的寫法體現兩者之間的折衷，即比較靈活的最密切聯系標準與把各種接觸結合起來的標準。 -
The problem brought by correlation between the disputes is to increase difficulties in hearing of a case so that there are flaws arising out of existing laws and rules in force, bringing about conflict between the disputes as a result of disposal. there are mainly two means of settlement overseas to dispose of such correlative disputes as follows : hearing of division is adopted in the countries that are in the continental law system represented by france ; administrative collateral civil proceedings is adopted in the countries that
筆者在借鑒了以法國、英國為代表的域外國家處理此類關聯爭議的解決方法，以及我國理論界和實務界處理此類關聯爭議的主要觀點的基礎上，詳細論述了建立行政附帶民事訴訟這一基本模式和關聯的行政爭議與民事爭議分案審理及民事訴訟一併審查相關行政爭議兩種補充模式的現實意義及可行性，重點分析了三種審理模式的適用范圍及成立條件。 -
The private international law scholars and the legal practitioners utilize a series of laws application rules to solve the legal conflict of the act of infringement containing foreign elements, but the question emerges one after another incessantly in this process 。 because of it ’ s stiff and machinery, the traditional lex locidelictus principle was denounced ; and also because of it ’ s nimble, the modern closest relation principle receives critique
國際私法學者和法律實踐家們運用一系列法律適用規則來解決涉外侵權領域的法律沖突，但在這個過程中問題也是層出不窮。傳統的侵權行為地法原則因其過于僵硬機械而備受詬病，現代的最密切聯系原則由於過于靈活也受到批判。 -
This article looks back the history overall of the government administration reform from our country ' s reform and open - door policy. it analyzes three challenges that our government faces after joining wto : challenge that government duty faces, challenge that government administration management faces, challenge that officialdom system faces. it has dig out the difference and conflict between wto rules ands our government duty, and further gives the corresponding countermeasure of our country ' s administrative management under the condition of joining wto : that is to change administration management notion, further change government duty, change government behavior method, perfect law, build a administration law system that is corresponded with the wto rules, create a new officialdom system, strengthen judicial investigation
本文簡要回顧了我國改革開放以來政府行政改革的歷史，分析了加入wto以後我國政府面臨的「三大挑戰」 ：政府職能面臨的挑戰，政府行政管理方式面臨的挑戰，公務員制度面臨的挑戰，探討了wto規則與我國政府職能的差異和沖突，進而提出了加入wto條件下我國行政改革的相應對策：即轉變行政管理觀念，進一步轉變政府職能，改革政府行為方式，完善立法、建立與wto規則相對應的行政法律體系，創新公務員制度，強化司法審查。 -
The author analyzes our country ' s rules of application of law on the basis of the judicial practice in the field of intellectual property right, and proposes some suggestions on the establishment and perfection of our country ' s conflict rules of intellectual property right
最後，筆者結合了我國的司法實踐分析了我國知識產權的法律適用制度，在此基礎上為制定和完善我國的知識產權沖突法提出了一些建議。 -
The convention does not prevent the application of those provisions of the law of the forum which must be applied even to international situations, irrespective of rules of conflict of laws
再次，轉移財產人能改變所選擇的法律，例如他能允許在某些情形下改變經營管理信託的地點以及管轄信託管理的法律。 -
Given china " s legislative mode that mixes substantive rules with conflict rules, it ' s feasible to solve the choice - of - law problems concerning consumer contracts in a comprehensive way that combines both of these two types of rules. however, in the long run china shall improve its conflict rules concerning consumer contracts with reference to the internationally accepted maturer legislation
鑒于這種現狀以及我國對實體規范和沖突規范不加細分的立法模式，目前在司法實踐中宜綜合運用實體規范和沖突規范來解決涉外消費者合同的法律適用問題，在有關實體規范中尋找規制當事人意思自治原則和最密切聯系原則的立法資源。
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