coniferous forest 中文意思是什麼

Bryophyte biomass in dark coniferous forest of chanbai mountain

長白山暗針葉林苔蘚植物生物量的研究

The essential rule of artificial restoration is matching tree by improving soil or matching site by improving tree species, and the livability of the regenerated coniferous forest reflected the affection of the topography on the artificial reforestation

例如地形對林火跡地（重度火燒區和極重度火燒區）針葉林恢復的影響，它實質是地形對人工更新存活率的影響。

Liihe palynological data indicate a vertical paleovegetational landscape : evergreen broad - leaved forest dominated by castanopsis, lithocarpus, cycobalanopsis and anacardiaceae etc occurred on the slopes near the deposit site ; mixed coniferous / broad - leaved forest and coniferous forest occurred on the area of high elevation, and main elements were tsuga, podocarpus, pinus, picea and abies etc. seven paleoclimatic parameters of liihe area estimated include mat ( 13. 3 - 20. 9c ), wmt ( 22. 5 - 27. 5c ), cmt ( 2. 5 - 12. 6c ), dt ( 12. 1 - 24. 8c ), map ( 803. 6 - 1254. 7mm ), mmap ( 179. 4 - 281. 9mm ) and mmip ( 10. 2 - l8. 5mm ). yangyi palynoflora comprises of 52 palynomorphs belonging to 32 families. the percentage of angiosperms is 61. 5 %, gymnosperms 9. 6 %, pteridophytes 25. 0 %, algae 3. 9 %

呂合孢粉植物群的組成反映該地區在沉積時期植被具有垂直分帶特徵，沉積地附近分佈有常綠闊葉林，包括殼斗科的青岡屬、栲屬、石櫟屬和漆樹科等植物，以及多種亞熱帶和溫帶闊葉成分；林中混生少量針葉樹（如松屬和杉科等） ；林內蕨類植物較少；距沉積地較遠的海拔較高的地區分佈由鐵杉屬、冷杉屬、雪松屬和雲杉屬組成的針闊混交林或針葉林。

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Based on the principle of significant effect of soil fertility factors on forest growth, soil physical factors ( natural water content, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aggregate degree, coarse silt and physical clay ), chemical factors ( om. total n, alkali - hytrolyzable n, total p, humus and ha / fa ) and biological factors ( urease, acidphosphotase, invertase and microbes ) were selected as evaluation index system of soil fertility. applying principal component analysis, soil ifi of subalpine coniferous forest was calculated

從土壤物理、化學、生物學三方面出發，建立了川西亞高山針葉林不同演替階段土壤肥力評價指標體系，應用主成分分析，計算出不同演替階段土壤肥力綜合指標值（ ifi ） ，各演替階段大小順序為： 10年生雲杉林地跡地原始林地次生樺木林地30年生雲杉林地20年生雲杉林地50年生雲杉林地60年生雲杉林地40年生雲杉林地。

Characteristics and causes of canopy gap of dark coniferous forest in changbai mountain

長白山暗針葉林林冠空隙特徵及其形成原因

Study of soil preferential flow in the dark coniferous forest of gongga mountain, china

貢嘎山暗針葉林土壤優先流形成因素的初步研究

However, due to the influence of latitude, the cold - temperate coniferous forest landscape is the major landscape

但受海拔高度的影響，寒溫帶針葉林景觀是該區域內主要的森林景觀。

Interspecific association of dominant shrub species in cold temperate coniferous forest in ma kehe region of san jiangyuan national nature reserve

三江源自然保護區瑪珂河林區寒溫性針葉林優勢灌木種間聯結研究

The result indicated that, the panda summer stresses the choice coniferous forest, the bamboo grove, the winter likes in the brush, the foliage forest moving

結果表明，大熊貓夏季偏重選擇針葉林、竹林，冬季喜歡在灌叢、闊葉林中活動。

Longling palynoflora comprises of 86 palynomorphs belonging to 61 families, and consist of angiosperms ( 69. 0 % ), gymnosperms ( 4. 6 % ), pteridophytes ( 24. 1 % ) and algae ( 2. 3 % ). longling palynological data indicate a vertical paleovegetational landscape : humid evergreen broad - leaved forest occurred on the slopes near the deposit site, and dominant elements were castanopsis, lithocarpus, cycobalanopsis, mixed with ericaceae, anacardiaceae and sapindaceae etc, and abundant ferns grew in the forest ; the mixed coniferous / broad - leaved forest and coniferous forest distributed on the area of high elevation, dominant elements were tsuga, pinus, picea and abies

濕性常綠闊葉林分佈在沉積地附近，以殼斗科的石櫟屬、青岡屬和栲屬為主，混生漆樹科、桃金娘科、蓼科、大戟科和金縷梅科的楓香屬等植物，林內蕨類植物豐富；針闊葉混交林分佈在距沉積地較遠海拔較高的山地，主要包括松屬，鐵杉屬，羅漢松屬和一些闊葉植物類群；雲杉林、冷杉林和鐵杉林分佈在更高海拔的地區。

The vegetation types are described of baishanzu national nature reserve in qingyuan county, zhejiang province. the surveyed area covered25thousand hm 2 in which27sample plots with20m 20m each were selected. based on the importance value of plant species, six vegetation types were devided, viz. evergreen broadleaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous forest, mountain dwarf forest, and mountain shrub and herbosa. floristic composition, community structure, and trend of community succession of each vegetation type are described

對近20年來多次調查的資料進行系統整理，將百山祖植被主要劃分成6個植被類型:常綠闊葉林、常綠落葉闊葉混交林、針闊葉混交林、針葉林、山地矮林和山地灌草叢，其下可分為22個群系;同時對群落的種類組成、結構和演替趨勢作了概述。

Results demonstrate that with the succession going on from herbosa shrubs coniferous forest theropencedrymion evergreen broad - leaved forest, abundance and diversity index of species, biomass and productivity of vegetation all show a rising trend prior to the formation of a mature and stable biotic climax

結果表明：隨著草叢灌叢針葉林針闊混交林次生常綠闊葉林正向演替的進行，在未形成成熟而穩定的頂極群落之前，物種豐富度、物種多樣性指數、植被生物量及生產力都呈增大趨勢。

Five vegetation communities : herbosa, shrubs, coniferous forest, theropencedrymion, and evergreen broad - leaved forest in the red soil region of the lijiang valley are selected as the five successive stages of the typical restoration process of degraded ecosystems to study variation of structure and biomass of the vegetation of the five different stages

摘要利用時空替代原理，選取灕江流域紅壤區退化生態系統恢復過程中具有代表性的草叢、灌叢、針葉林、針闊混交林、常綠闊葉林5個階段作為演替序列，研究自然恢復過程中各演替階段的植被結構動態和生物量變化。

Soil ph value ranged from 6. 0 to 7. 2, the ph value had no markedly difference among the three horizons in each plot, and so did that among seven types of forest. the organic matter content in horizon a of plot g2 ( coniferous forest ) was the highest ( 193. 03a kg - 1 ) in seven plots and the lowest one was in plot g3

另外，在3個固定樣地內（ g _ 1 、 g _ 2 、 g _ 3 ） ，通過埋袋試驗，研究了白樺枝條、白樺凋落葉、岷江冷杉凋落葉等3類典型凋落物在3個不同埋藏深度土壤中的分解。

The soil nutrient contents of total nitrogen, total phosphor us and total potassium were studied at the same time. and then, the probable correlations between the quantities of microorganisms and soil nutrient content were analyzed. the results suggested that soil water content decreased with the depth increasing, this value of soil water was the highest in plot g1 ( coniferous forest ), because of the highest altitude

同一林型下不同土壤深度，養分全量差異顯著，且隨深度增加而顯著減小，不同林型植被之間，全磷含量差異顯著，全鉀含量在高山柳灌叢（ l _ 3 ）與洗澡塘溝羊茅群落（ l _ 4 ）之間差異顯著，說明植被類型的不同，對土壤養分全量也有一定的影響。

Several climatic belts of the world are represented in the grand canyon region which supports such diverse plant life as the yucca of the dry desert to the blue spruce of the coniferous forest. animal life in the grand canyon is by no means scarce and includes about 89 mammal, 355 bird, 17 fish, 47 reptile and 9 amphibian species

大峽谷擁有不同的氣候特徵，由酷熱的沙漠氣候到熱帶亞熱帶甚至溫帶的氣候亦可在大峽谷找到，它並不是一個荒涼死寂的世界，不少動植物均生活于其中，計有89種哺乳動物355種鳥類17種魚類47種爬蟲類和9種兩棲類動物。

The smallest one is alpine brush, it covers 0. 87 %, 2. 74km2 from the result we can find that landscape vegetation types are different. coniferous forest, alpine brush, steppe and desert are resource - environmental type. meadow is survival type

成因上，針葉林、高山灌叢、高山草原、山地草原、高山草甸、荒漠為環境資源型，栽培植被為引入型，無植被地段為干擾型。

The results showed the trend of soil ifi changes was partial " u ", namely, during the course of artificial picea succession, soil ifi decreased sharply at the initial stage, after artificial picea reaches mature forest, soil ifi recovered slowly and reached soil ifi of natural coniferous forest finally

在人工雲杉林地中，土壤ifi表現出非正「 u 」型的變化，即雲杉幼林向成熟林演替時，土壤ifi迅速下降，大約在雲杉40齡出現自疏之後，土壤ifi回升，但恢復速度十分緩慢。