contract for carriage 中文意思是什麼

contract for carriage 解釋
運輸合同
  • contract : n 1 契約，合同。2 婚約。3 承包（合約）。4 【法律】契約法。5 【牌戲】定約，合約橋牌。6 〈主英方〉...
  • for : FOR f o r ＝ free on rail 【商業】火車上交貨（價格）。1 〈表示目標、去向〉向，往。 leave [sail] f...
  • carriage : n 1 車；（四輪）馬車；〈英國〉（鐵路）客車車廂（＝〈美國〉car）；【航空】牽引車；（汽車的）座位。...
  1. The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l

    第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。
  2. According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "

    我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。
  3. A multi - modal carriage operator is responsible for performing, or arranging for performance of, the multi - modal carriage contract, and it enjoys the rights and assumes the obligations of a carrier throughout the course of carriage

    第三百一十七條多式聯運經營人負責履行或者組織履行多式聯運合同，對全程運輸享有承運人的權利，承擔承運人的義務。
  4. In the meantime, imperfect liabilities for negligence principle which is regarded as the fundamental principle undertook by the carrier of carriage contract also tends to extend to maritime law ; what ' s important, as the fundamental principles of branch law, maybe there are several different doctrines of liability fixation in the same law, but in our words of the fundamental principles of maritime law, we mean the most important doctrine of liability fixation

    同時，不完全過失責任原則作為海上貨物運輸合同承運人承擔的基本原則，也有向海商法基本原則擴張的趨向；更為重要的是，作為部門法的基本原則，可能在同一法律中存在著若干不同的歸責原則，但是我們所說的海商法的基本原則則是從海商法中最重要的歸責原則而言的。
  5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, where a contract of carriage by sea provides explicitly that a specified part of the carriage covered by the said contract is to be performed by a named actual carrier other than the carrier, the contract may nevertheless provide that the carrier shall not be liable for the loss, damage or delay in delivery arising from an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in the charge of the actual carrier during such part of the carriage

    雖有前款規定，在海上運輸合同中明確約定合同所包括的特定的部分運輸由承運人以外的指定的實際承運人履行的，合同可以同時約定，貨物在指定的實際承運人掌管期間發生的滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運人不負賠償責任。
  6. If parties to a contract do not expressly or impliedly choose the applicable law, the proper law for the contract should be constructed through the rule of closest connection. this paper states the proper law for various kinds of contracts of carriage of goods by sea based on the rule of closest connection

    但上述所講的是通常情況下的法律選擇原則，如果從整體情況看，運輸合同與另一個國家的關系更為密切，則前面所確定的一般推定準據法不予適用，而應適用與合同有更密切聯系的國家的法律。
  7. In view of the transferring of contract, the situation that goods are not taken delivery of or the consignee refuses to take delivery of the goods at the port of destination is the fail of the transferring of contract. so, the shipper who is a party of the contract of carriage should be responsible for the carrier ' s losses suffered from the above situations

    從合同轉讓的角度看，目的港無人提貨或收貨人拒絕提貨，是運輸合同的轉讓未能實現，因此作為運輸合同一方的托運人，應當對于承運人因無法交付貨物而遭受的損害承擔賠償責任。
  8. Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer at the latter s request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non ? negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document

    除非前項所述單據是運輸單據，否則，應買方要求並由其承擔風險和費用，賣方必須給予買方一切協助，以取得有關運輸合同的運輸單據如可轉讓提單不可轉讓海運單內河運輸單據空運單鐵路托運單公路托運單或多式聯運單據。
  9. In consideration of an additional premium, it is hereby agreed that this insurance covers, subject always to the exclusions contained in this insurance, loss of or damage to the subject - matter insured, whilst on the ship, caused by error, neglect or default of the carrier or his servants in the navigation or management of the ship, for which they are relieved from liability under the contract of carriage

    以支付附加保險費為對價，茲同意本保險承保保險標的在船期間，由於承運人或其雇員在駕駛或管理船舶方面的錯誤、過失或贖職行為所造成，根據運輸合同被免除責任的滅失或損害，但仍須受本保險所含的除外責任的制約。
  10. Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods arising from negligence, fault or failure in duties and obligations provided in this article or lessening such liability otherwise than provided in these rules shall be null and void and no effect

    運輸契約中任何條款、約定或協議，凡解除承運人或船舶由於疏忽、過失或未履行本條款規定的責任和義務，而引起貨物或關于貨物的丟失或損害責任的，或在本公約外減輕這種責任的，都應作廢或無效。
  11. Article 41 a contract of carriage of goods by sea is a contract under which the carrier, against payment of freight, undertakes to carry by sea the goods contracted for shipment by the shipper from one port to another

    第四十一條海上貨物運輸合同，是指承運人收取運費，負責將托運人托運的貨物經海路由一港運至另一港的合同。
  12. Coa is a contract of carriage of goods by sea in essence, under which the carrier, during the agreed period, against payment of freight undertakes to carry the goods in agreed amount for divided shipments by the shipper from the agreed loading port to the discharging port. during implementation, the specific voyages should be governed by the agreed voyage chaterparty which is agreed upon between shipper and carrier after the conclusion of coa

    通過比較分析，作者認為，包運合同是指，承運人在約定期間內分批將約定數量貨物從約定裝貨港運至約定目的港的協議，在履行協議過程中，依航次租船合同對分批具體航次履行作進一步約定，最終實現承運人提供海上貨物運輸服務並收取運費的目的的海上貨物運輸合同。
  13. 1 the vessel is covered subject to the provisions of this insurance at all times and has leave to sail or navigate with or without pilots, to go on trial trips and to assist and tow vessels or craft in distress, but it is warranted that with the exception of catch the vessel shall not carry cargo or containers for the carriage of cargo and shall not be towed, except as is customary or to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the assured and / or owners and / or managers and / or charterers

    1保險船舶在所有時間根據保險的各項規定承保，並許可在有或沒有引航員的情況下開航或試航及協助，拖帶遇險船舶或駁船，但保證除了捕獲的魚之外，不得運載貨物或裝載貨物的集裝箱，漁船不得被拖帶，除非是習慣性的，或當需要時被拖帶至第一個安全港口或地點，也不得根據被保險人、船舶所有人、管理人和/或承租人事先安排的合同從事拖帶或救助服務。
  14. Article 91 if, due to force majeure or any other causes not attributable to the fault of the carrier or the shipper, the ship could not discharge its goods at the port of destination as provided for in the contract of carriage, unless the contract provides otherwise, the master shall be entitled to discharge the goods at a safe port or place near the port of destination and the contract of carriage shall be deemed to have been fulfilled

    第九十一條因不可抗力或者其他不能歸責于承運人和托運人的原因致使船舶不能在合同約定的目的港卸貨的，除合同另有約定外，船長有權將貨物在目港鄰近的安全港口或者地點卸載，視為已經履行合同。
  15. So, the thesis gives a detailed study of the functions of lading in different phases before the discussion of legal liability for such delivery. the bill of lading is not a document of title but evidence of a contract of carriage during the period of transportation. but it does convey a document of title during the trade of goods and payment

    因此，本文在探討無單放貨法律責任的性質前，詳細考察了提單在不同環節的性質和功能，在運輸環節中提單不具有物權性，是運輸合同的證明；在貿易流通和結算環節中，提單具有物權性，具有所有權和擔保物權的功能。
  16. Article 107 a contract of carriage of passengers by sea is a contract whereby the carrier undertakes to carry passengers and their luggage by sea from one port to another by ships suitable for that purpose against payment of fare by the passengers

    第一百零七條海上旅客運輸合同，是指承運人以適合運送旅客的船舶經海路將旅客及其行李從一港運送至另一港，由旅客支付票款的合同。
  17. Notwithstanding any clause to the contrary, international carriage by road may be subject to the provisions of the convention on the contract for the international carriage of goods by road signed at geneva on 19th may 1956 and any amendments thereto ( " the cmr convention " )

    除非有與之相反的條款，則陸上國際運送可以適用1956年5月簽訂于日內瓦的"國際公路貨物運輸合同公約"及其任何修訂案的條款（ " cmr公約" ） 。
  18. （ b ） paragraph （ a ） of this bill of lading shall be applicable and the carrier shall be entitled - to avail itself of all rights or immunities provided for in the carriage of goods by sea act of the united states, approved april 16, 1936, although the contract of carriage evidenced by this bill of lading is not for the carriage of goods by sea to or from ports of the united states ; however, if this bill of lading is issued in canada, and contains or is evidence of a contract for the carriage of goods by water in a ship or ships carrying goods from any port in canada to any other port, whether in or outside canada, then this bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the rules as applied by the water carriage of goods act, 1936, of the dominion of canada, and said act and rules shall be deemed incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the carrier of any of its rights or immunities, or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said act and rules, and if any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said act and rules to any extent, such term shall be void to that extent, but no further

    在適用本提單第1條規定時，承運人有權享有1936年4月16日的美國《海上貨物運輸法》所規定的各項權利或豁免權，即使本提單所證明的運輸合同不是有關來往美國港口的海上貨物運輸；然而，如果本提單是由加拿大所簽發，且該提單是運輸合同或是一個從加拿大的任何港口將貨物用船舶水運到其他港口（不論此港口是否在加拿大）的合同證明，本提單的效力依據1936年《貨物水運法》的規則規定，且適用於加拿大領域，上述水運法和規則規定應視為是本提單的一部分，本提單的任何規定不得視為承運人放棄任何權利或豁免權，或增加水運法和規則所規定的責任或義務，凡與上述水運法和規則抵觸的本提單的條款，在抵觸范圍內無效。
  19. B ) paragraph ( a ) of this bill of lading shall be applicable and the carrier shall be entitled - to avail itself of all rights or immunities provided for in the carriage of goods by sea act of the united states, approved april 16, 1936, although the contract of carriage evidenced by this bill of lading is not for the carriage of goods by sea to or from ports of the united states ; however, if this bill of lading is issued in canada, and contains or is evidence of a contract for the carriage of goods by water in a ship or ships carrying goods from any port in canada to any other port, whether in or outside canada, then this bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the rules as applied by the water carriage of goods act, 1936, of the dominion of canada, and said act and rules shall be deemed incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the carrier of any of its rights or immunities, or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said act and rules, and if any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said act and rules to any extent, such term shall be void to that extent, but no further

    在適用本提單第1條規定時，承運人有權享有1936年4月16日的美國《海上貨物運輸法》所規定的各項權利或豁免權，即使本提單所證明的運輸合同不是有關來往美國港口的海上貨物運輸;然而，如果本提單是由加拿大所簽發，且該提單是運輸合同或是一個從加拿大的任何港口將貨物用船舶水運到其他港口（不論此港口是否在加拿大）的合同證明，本提單的效力依據1936年《貨物水運法》的規則規定，且適用於加拿大領域，上述水運法和規則規定應視為是本提單的一部分，本提單的任何規定不得視為承運人放棄任何權利或豁免權，或增加水運法和規則所規定的責任或義務，凡與上述水運法和規則抵觸的本提單的條款，在抵觸范圍內無效
  20. The carrier may exercise the lien on goods by the manner of applying for seizure of the goods. but the law of special proceeding of maritime action stipulates that the subject matter of seizure should belong to the defendant, the provision restricts the manner of exercising the right of lien, so we can draw a conclusion that the provision is not reasonable. alteration and assignment of contracts the contract of carriage of goods by sea usually involves the benefits of a third party

    四、合同的變更與轉讓問題，本文對絕大多數情況下均會涉及到第三人利益的運輸合同的變更和轉讓，結合海上貨物運輸合同的實踐作法分析了《合同法》有關規定對其的影響，五、不合理繞航問題， 《合同法》第九十四條第四項實質上是將根本違約作為合同解除事由加以規定，並以違約行為及其嚴重性作為判斷標準。
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