controlling resistance 中文意思是什麼

Recently, the chinese plant protection agencies reported the growing hardships in controlling some field populations of oriental migratory locust with organophosphate ( op ) compounds. up to now there are more than 600 arthropod species with documented resistance to one or more insecticides and / or acaricides since resistance phenomenon was first described in san jose scale to lime - sulfur in washington in 1908. enhanced metabolic detoxification and reduced sensitivity of insecticide target - sites are the two major mechanisms in resistance development, involving three primary metabolic enzymes of esterases, glutathione s - transferases and cytochrome p450 polysubstrate monooxygenases

代謝抗性是指對殺蟲劑起水解或隔離作用的酶發生改變，從而對殺蟲劑起到解毒作用，昆蟲主要解毒酶系有酯酶、谷胱甘肽- s -轉移酶、細胞色素p450單加氧酶等，這三種酶系任何一種的組成部分發生改變均會引起害蟲抗性的改變；靶標抗性是指由於殺蟲劑作用靶標敏感度降低而產生的抗性。

The controlling parameters for smooth blasting in qin - ling zhongnanshan tunnel project are optimized according to the fundamental principle of smooth blasting, considering the minimal resistance, coefficient of embrasure density, coefficient of non - coupling, density of dynamite and rate of exploding. the efficiency of this method has been analyzed and justified by the high speed and good quality of the project

根據光面爆破的基本原理，從最小抵抗線、爆眼密集系數、不耦合系數、線裝藥密度、爆破進尺等幾個方面確定秦嶺終南山隧道光面爆破主要參數的選取，分析了該隧道鉆爆設計在隧道施工中的運用取得的成效，提高了施工進度，同時也保證了施工質量。

The results of hydraulic resistance and automatic measuring and controlling system presented by this paper have been applied to practical engineering hydraulic model research, forming a characteristics system

本文關於水力阻力和自動測控系統的成果均應用於實際工程水力模型研究，形成了有一定特色的體系。

Investigations also show that the catalyst shows good heat resistance in the presence of water and demonstrates high capability for mitigating sox poisoning. in the end, a novel way controlling combustion is employed in a 1. 342l s. i. engine, in which lean - burn, fast burn ( tumble ) and delay ignition make the engine provide much cleaner exhaust gas than that of a conventional premixed s. i. engine

最後綜合採用機內凈化和排氣后處理并行策略，即稀燃、快燃（滾流） 、推遲點火的可控燃燒新方案，結合分子篩稀燃催化器，在稀燃發動機典型工況下，在保證燃油經濟性較原機改善14 . 8 %時， nox的排放大幅降低。

In consideration of the soil arch effect between anti - slide piles, a calculation formula for the anti - slide pile spacing was developed, taking the following factors as the controlling conditions - the static equilibrium equation of the frictional resistance and adhesive force between the side of piles and slope soil, which sustains the thrusting force of the landside, and the strength conditions at the medial cross - section and two end sections of soil arch

摘要考慮抗滑樁樁間土拱效應，以樁側與邊坡土體間的摩阻力及黏著力承擔滑坡推力的靜力平衡條件和土拱跨中與拱腳處截面的強度條件共同控制，建立了抗樁間距的計算公式。

The simulation results show that intelligent control can obtain the continuous controlling current for mr dampers, consequently, the resistance force of mr dampers can also be adjusted continuously

研究表明，智能控制能夠給mr阻尼器輸入連續的控制電流，從而實現了mr阻尼器的連續可調。

The color film was made on stainless steel through chemical coloring, and the formation rate, color conversion controlling and corrosion resistance of color film were also studied

摘要對採用化學著色法在溶液中不銹鋼氧化色膜的生成速度、顏色轉換控制、膜層的結構及其抗蝕性能進行了試驗研究。

The membrane layer is formed by the vacuum forming technology. by controlling the weight and the ratio of long path of ceramics fiber, changing the operation factor reasonably of vacuum forming, we can obtain the ceramic fiber composite membrane layer, which has pore diameters of about 5 to about 30um, porosity i s 50 - 80 %, and tensile strength is about 4. 1to 18. 1mpa and thickness of membrane layer is 0. 5 - 2 mm, has the good thermal shock resistance and peal off

膜層採用真空抽濾成型工藝，通過控制膜組分中陶瓷纖維長徑比、纖維加入量、成型時料漿濃度、成型壓力及成型時間等可以獲得膜孔徑5 ? 30 m 、氣孔率50 ? 80 、抗折強度4 . 3 ? 18mpa 、膜層厚度0 . 5 ? 2mm 、具有良好熱性能和耐剝離性能的陶瓷纖維復合微濾膜材料。

Abstract : the system composed of intelligent control modules for three - phase induction motors is introduced in this paper. this module can conduct starting, reverse braking, and reverse conrtol with current limiting resistance. besides, it can also detect low voltage, overload, and open circuit of 1 or 2 phases, and do protection according to the detection. it especially fits to the controlling of motors which often do starting, braking and reversing

文摘:介紹了一種智能三相電機控制模塊組成的系統，能在串電阻（電抗）起動、反接制動和換向控制的基礎上進行欠壓檢測、過載檢測、斷相檢測及電機故障保護.尤其適用於起動、制動和換向控制頻繁的電機控制場合

Besides, our static controlling and testing products such as sticky mat, anti - static shoes, gloves, surface resistance tester etc. have also obtained a good market in local and abroad

先後開發和生產出全系列的無塵車間使用的一次性凈化產品，粘塵墊，防靜電鞋，防靜電表面電子測試儀等十幾種靜電控制與檢測，並遠銷國外。

( 4 ) thermal pipelines are important parts of concentrated heat supply of the thermoelectricity combination. according to the thermal lube service prospect, the paper calculates thickness of the buried steam pipe, proposes a new opinion of the interface temperature controlling method, and also attempt to determine the resistance loss of the minimal steam tubes and wrote its program

（ 4 ）熱力管網是熱電聯產集中供熱系統的重要組成部分，本文根據熱力管道的發展趨勢，對直埋蒸汽管道的保溫層厚度計算，提出採用界面溫度控製法的見解，並進行編程計算，此外，還對直埋蒸汽主管道阻力損失進行編程計算的嘗試。

This paper, in allusion to damage of expansion joint of bridge, introduces a sort of new structure of jointless device - semi - integral abutment jointless bridge, and establishes model of general structure finite element of this bridge, and in details analyses its qualities of stress. the model considers the interaction of superstructure - substructure - soil. resistance of the soil behind abutment adopts still soil pressure and elastic resistance when the temperature rising, but active soil pressure when dropping. analysis of qualities stress of bridge includes of action of dead load, car load, temperature load of season character. taking an 100m length pc semi - integral abutment jointless bridge as instance, the paper establishes the model of plane frame by applying large common software - anasys, and analyses it by elastane and large deformation to imitate character of stress and deformation of general bridge. at the same time corresponding models of finite element of joint bridge and integral abutment bridge are established, and unique stress and performance of structure of semi - integral abutment jointless bridge are researched by comparing and analysing character of three different models under same loading, and controlling factor of design and constitution are generalized. in conclusion, for semi - integral abutment jointless bridge, on one hand shear, moment and deflection of the main beam and axis force of substructure are approximate with that of joint bridge, and integral stifmess of structure is increased and damage of expansion joint is eliminated, on the other hand there is axis force in main beam, shear and moment of substructure are bigger than that of joint bridge. in all this type of jointless bridge has rational stress and is worth of application and popularization

半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁計算模型考慮了上部結構-下部結構-土的共同作用；臺後土抗力升溫時採用靜止土壓力加彈性土抗力，降溫時採用主動土壓力；分析橋梁受力性能時考慮了結構自重、車輛荷載和季節性溫變荷載的作用。以一座橋長100mpc半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁為實例，採用大型通用軟體ansys建立平面框架模型，進行彈性、大變形分析，模擬全橋受力和變形特點；同時建立與此對應的有伸縮縫橋梁和整體式橋臺無縫橋梁有限元模型，通過三種橋型同步加載對比分析，研究半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁獨特的受力特點和結構性能，總結其設計控制因素和構造要求。通過本文研究知：半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁主梁的剪力、彎矩、撓度和下部結構的軸力與梁式橋相近，結構整體剛度增大，併除去了伸縮縫病害；但主梁增加了軸力，下部結構剪力、彎矩較梁式橋大；綜合分析是一種受力合理有實踐和推廣價值的橋型。

Test research of transient flow behavior controlling and resistance reduction in mine pump system

礦井排水可控止回閥系統及降阻的試驗研究

This paper is introduce the hardware module of computer - controlling testing instrument of electrical engineering ' s insulation performance. the testing instrument of electrical engineering ' s insulation performance is divided into three parts : insulation resistance testing instrument, ac insulate testing instrument and coil insulate testing instrument

本論文在簡要的介紹了安全性能測試的目的，分類及要求之後，詳細的介紹了本人設計的電機安全性能測試硬體的三個部分：絕緣電阻測試，工頻耐壓測試和匝間耐壓測試。

Based on the further study of dynamic characteristic of the tractor - implement combination, according to the integrated control model, which including the flowing three parameters : the engine load rate, drive wheel slip and work resistance, and the three control strategies, which are : highest production efficiency control strategy, oil consume economic control strategy and give attention to the above control strategy, we can adopt different control strategies according to different purpose of the task. applying the theory of the hybrid dynamic system to this case, the three control strategies can be abstracted to three discrete matters, and then the exchange model of the discrete matters of the top layer ( which called manage layer ) of the tractor - implement combination and the function decision model, which based on the nerve network, can be established. through this way, the best ad aptive controlling of the tractor came true

本文研究了拖拉機機組的綜合控制問題及其最佳匹配方法，在深入研究機組動態特性的基礎上，根據發動機負荷率、驅動輪滑轉率和作業阻力三參數的綜合綜合控制模型以及三種綜合控制策略（最高生產效率的控制策略、燃油經濟性的控制策略和兼顧最高生產效率及燃油經濟性的控制策略） ，針對不同的作業目的，採用不同的控制策略，應用混雜動態系統理論，把三種控制策略抽象為三種離散事件，建立了拖拉機機組上層（管理層）離散事件切換模型，並建立了基於神經網路的功能決策層模型，從而實現了拖拉機機組的整機最優控制。

Firstly, the parameters controlling ductile crack growth are gotten from the resistance curve result of standard 3 point bending specimen, then the resistance curves of the tension specimen for the welded joint with different strength mis - matching are predicted based on the cell model

首先由標準三點彎曲試件的阻力曲線，得出反映材料微觀損傷的特殊單元模型控制參量，再根據該參量對不同接頭強度匹配下雙邊缺口拉伸試件的阻力曲線進行了定量預測，其結果與試驗結果相當吻合。

Furthermore, investigation of the source of noise and vibration is also an important issue. these problems can be solved in a direct and economical way with the correct approach to controlling their sources. this can be applied, for example, to techniques of train and rail construction, as well as wheel track mutual resistance

所以，本次捷運研討會特別訂定減振制噪之專題討論，邀請國內外噪音與振動之專家學者參與研討改善建議，亦邀集其他以輪軌系統建設之國家與城市共同分享心得，並期望各項先進科技與發展趨勢能納入本局未來捷運工程之努力方向。

By controlling the stress value of under - lying layer less than tits structure yield stress value, a new design method to decrease composite ground settlement is suggested. and the composite foundation settlements of 12 buildings with the deep mixing cement piles is calculated, which is in good accord well with the measurement in field. second, considering the influence of well resistance, smear effect and structure breakage of thick soft clay, the equivalent calculation method is proposed

首先，結合溫州地區深厚軟土，通過對室內常規試驗結果的分析，發現軟土具有較強的結構性，並給出室內固結壓縮曲線校正的新方法；提出了通過控制未打穿水泥攪拌樁復合地基下臥層的應力水平，使其小於土體結構屈服應力，以大幅度減小沉降的復合地基設計方法，並通過與12幢住宅樓未打穿水泥攪拌樁復合地基的實測沉降對比，得到了良好的驗證，進一步完善了結構性軟土壓縮變形的計算方法。

At first, by controlling the adding of al2o3 and tic starting powder size, chapter 3 assesses the effect of al2o3 and tic starting powder size on the thermal shock resistance of composites, and chapter 5 assesses the effect on the thermal fatigue resistance of composites

首先，本課題通過al _ 2o _ 3和tic起始粉末粒徑的控制，在第三和第五章具體討論了其對復合陶瓷抗熱震和抗熱疲勞性能的影響。

The following experiment ' s results show that, as the temperature increasing, the viscosity of the dna fluid is decreasing, as well as the resistance to its movement, so that the dead area of the controlling is narrowed and the controller is improved

實驗結果表明，隨著溫度的升高， dna液的粘度減少，它的運動阻力也隨之減少，微注射液的控制死區縮小，從而使控制器的性能得到了改善。