credit method 中文意思是什麼
credit method
解釋
信貸稅收抵免法-
Denis davydov was the first to feel with his russian instinct the value of this terrible cudgel which belaboured the french, and asked no questions about the etiquette of the military art ; and to him belongs the credit of the first step towards the recognition of this method of warfare
傑尼斯達維多夫，以其俄羅斯人的敏覺，第一個認識到這件可怕的武器的意義，他不管什麼戰爭藝術規則，使用這種武器消滅法國人，使這種戰爭合法化的首功應歸於他。 -
Meanwhile, the author introduces a new risk management method which controls risks by giving credit lines
建立了一種授信額度的評估模型，該數學模型的引入使風險管理的方法得以量化。 -
The iwg also proposes a series of measures to promote greater transparency of credit card services, including a requirement for ais to highlight all major terms and conditions which impose significant liabilities or obligations on customers in the application forms for credit card services, and to follow a standardised method in calculating and quoting the annualised percentage rates aprs of interest for credit card lending. the latter measure should facilitate consumers comparison between different charging structures which may be adopted by different ais
工作小組亦提出一系列建議，以提高信用卡服務的透明度，當中包括認可機構應在信用卡服務申請表格內特別列明對客戶構成重大責任或義務的主要章則及條款，以及採用一套統一的方法計算及列明信用卡貸款的年利率，後者有助消費者比較不同認可機構採用的不同的收費模式。 -
Secondly, through survey and study, have carried on the positive research to enterprise ' s credit risk management current situation of our country, and launch analysing its origin cause of formation, adopt polyhydric statistical method to structure the credit model which suits my national conditions
其次，通過調研，對我國企業信用風險管理現狀進行了實證研究，並對其成因展開分析，採用多元統計方法構建了適合我國情況的信用分析模型。 -
Abstract : through the comparison between the two higher apparel education of china and western country in the training aim, teaching plan and teaching method, this thesis puts forward several views on the innovation of higher apparel education of china. ( 1 ) set up the new teaching concept ; ( 2 ) carry out the real credit system ; ( 3 ) innovate tranditional teaching pattern and method ; ( 4 ) strengthen the practical link of apparel teaching and promote the combination of production, learning and research ; ( 5 ) intensify fostering the creativity of students ; ( 6 ) each related school should go its own way to ran the higher apparel education
文摘:通過對中西方高等服裝教育在培養目標、教學計劃、教學方法方面的比較，提出對中國高等服裝教育改革的幾點想法： 1 、樹立新的教學觀念； 2 、實行真正意義上的學分制； 3 、改革傳統的教學模式與方法； 4 、加強服裝教學的實踐環節，推進產、學、研的結合； 5 、強化對學生創造能力的培養； 6 、各服裝院校應該辦出自己的特色。 -
Through the comparison between the two higher apparel education of china and western country in the training aim, teaching plan and teaching method, this thesis puts forward several views on the innovation of higher apparel education of china. ( 1 ) set up the new teaching concept ; ( 2 ) carry out the real credit system ; ( 3 ) innovate tranditional teaching pattern and method ; ( 4 ) strengthen the practical link of apparel teaching and promote the combination of production, learning and research ; ( 5 ) intensify fostering the creativity of students ; ( 6 ) each related school should go its own way to ran the higher apparel education
通過對中西方高等服裝教育在培養目標、教學計劃、教學方法方面的比較，提出對中國高等服裝教育改革的幾點想法： 1 、樹立新的教學觀念； 2 、實行真正意義上的學分制； 3 、改革傳統的教學模式與方法； 4 、加強服裝教學的實踐環節，推進產、學、研的結合； 5 、強化對學生創造能力的培養； 6 、各服裝院校應該辦出自己的特色。 -
Follow as joining the wto and developing of finance market, china ’ s financial institution will need to upgrade the ability of quantitatively measuring and managing the credit risk urgently. the author hopes that this paper ’ s research on the structural models of credit risk can give some consultation to chinese financial institution to defend and manage the credit risk. so this paper deeply reviews the method of modeling the structural model of credit risk, than does an empirical study in china based on the leland - toft models, it is a
因此，本文對信用風險結構模型的建模方法進行了深入的考察，並將leland - toft模型應用於我國的實證研究，進行了有益的探索，本文的研究成果和創新工作主要表現在以下三個方面:第一，本文比較全面系統的闡述了merton模型， longstaff - schwartz模型和leland - toft模型三個最具代表性的信用風險結構模型的構建思路，對這三個模型的區別和特點進行了深入的考察，並給出各模型計算預期違約率的數學公式和方法。 -
As for acquiring customers, the game between bank and credit card customer is firstly analyzed, and on the base of the analysis, we can conclude that customers are to obey theirs credit under the rule that customers credit records are shared among the banks. therefore the bank can enlarge its customer group by granting credit to them and the relationship between banks and customers can be established. at the same time, the structure of personal credit evaluation is proposed, the fuss synthesize evaluation method is applied in the case
在分析客戶關系管理的基本思路應用於信用卡的具體模式時，在獲取客戶關系方面，文章首先分析了信用卡客戶與銀行的信用博弈關系，提出了在銀行業內部徵信的前提下，銀行應對客戶建立善意推定，相信客戶的信用能力，廣泛授信，建立信用卡客戶關系；同時提出了在徵信前提下，銀行信用卡的個人信用評估指標體系以及信用程度的模糊綜合評判法，並進行了算例分析。 -
In light of market risk, there are sensitivity measurement method and volatility measurement method as well as the concepts about risk measurement, such as variance, duration, 3 - coefficient, 5 - coefficient and value at risk. and in light of credit risk, there are accounting - based ratio measurement method and volatility - based measurement method, as well as the related concepts, such as credit rating, z - score, transition matrix, expected default frequency
其中，針對市場風險度量的方法包括靈敏度測量風險方法和波動性測量風險方法，與之相關的風險度量概念有方差、持續期、系數、類系數和在險價值；針對信用風險度量的方法包括基於財務比率的風險測量方法和基於波動性的風險測量方法，與之相關的風險度量概念有信用評級、 z分數、轉換矩陣、違約頻率。 -
Chinese banking begin and try and set up as far back as 1996 " award letter, examine loan separate, hierarchical examination and approval, responsibility clearly demarcated in unison " award letter management system, introduced customer ' s credit rating system and loan risk categorized system again later, make loan authorize system and customer award letter management method in unison, pursue customer award letter manage in unison all - sided
中國銀行業早在1996年就開始嘗試建立「統一授信、審貸分離、分級審批、責任分明」的授信管理體制，后來又引進了客戶信用評級體系和貸款風險分類制度，制定了貸款授權制度和客戶統一授信管理辦法，正在全面推行客戶統一授信管理。 -
Secondly, aiming at the shortage of the present study on this problem, this thesis try to make some creative breaks : explain the connotative definition of intermediate business in systematically to benefit this kind of problem to further study ; study the problems of risk aversion and prevention with it ' s development ; evaluate the market risk, the credit risk, investment risk etc. ; try to establish a valid system to evaluate the risk of intermediate business. the main method we used in this thesis to evaluate the risk of intermediate business is var ( value in risk ). at last, study to take some measures which will match the real state of our country to prevent the risk of intermediate business, which will do some good to intermediate business in china " s commercial bank
其次，針對已有研究中的不足和此類問題的研究現狀，本論文力求創新與突破的是：比較系統地對商業銀行中間業務進行界定和研究其發展策略，有利於對此類問題的進一步深化和擴展；從商業銀行中間業務不斷發展的角度來研究風險規避和防範等問題，評估中間業務面臨的市場風險、信用風險、投資風險和管理風險等一系列風險，嘗試建立有效防範中間業務風險的評估體系，本文主要運用var法來評估中間業務的市場風險；探討符合我國國情的商業銀行中間業務風險防範措施，以期對我國商業銀行中間業務的發展有所裨益。 -
Even though, many flaws can be found in it. the imperfect tax credit system, various tax credit vouchers and the disjointed tax credit chain have made tax burden shift and tax payment run off. in the meanwhile, in the perspective of the current vat computation method, the more input tax payment is, the less tax payable will be, so increasing the amount of the input tax has become the major means of tax evasion and avoidance
但是，現行應納增值稅稅額計算中的抵扣制度也存在明顯的缺陷：抵扣制度不完善，抵扣憑證多樣化，抵扣「鏈條」脫節，致使稅負轉移、稅款流失；同時，由於在現行增值稅稅額的計算中，進項稅額越大，應納稅額就越少，加大進項稅額成為偷、逃稅的主要手法。 -
Among the legal methods of avoiding international double taxation, foreign tax credit ( ftc ) has more advantages than the methods of exemption and deduction. for example, from the view of the state that credits foreign taxes, ftc maintains its fiscal jurisdiction as well as avoids international double taxation. accordingly, ftc has become the favorite method of nations
美國聯邦所得稅法中的外國稅收抵免制度一方面為美國提供了消除國際雙重征稅的主要方法- -抵免法，另一方面在極力地維護美國的稅收管轄權，因此是避免國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權的矛盾統一體。 -
The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method
本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。 -
As a developing country in the process of transmission, we suggest that china select a synthetical method to finance annuity, including the social insurance tax, pension bond, social insurance lottery, treasury compensation and selling national assets, etc. at the same time, in the aspect of operation, we combines fixed assets investment, company and financial investment, stock investment and commerce credit to decrease risk and increase the value of annuity
本文認為作為轉軌過程中的發展中國家，中國養老金籌資方式的選擇應綜合利用社會保障稅、養老保障國債、社會保障彩票、財政補貼和國有資產變現等方法，同時在運營方面要將固定資產投資、企業與金融債券投資、股市投資、商業信用等方法結合起來使用，以降低風險，確保增值。 -
Finally, according to the practical requirement of classification management to credit risk management, it uses k - means clustering method to cluster the evaluation result, and then get the credit ranks the small and middle enterprises belong to
最後，根據對信用風險管理應實行分級管理的實踐要求，利用k -平均聚類劃分法對信用風險評估結果進行聚類劃分，從而得到各中小企業所屬于的信用風險等級。 -
With deepens unceasingly to the credit risk cognition degree in our country banking, credit risk assessment method also is continually improved and enhanced, the corresponding credit management system is also consummated day by day. according to our country economic environment evolution, in this article we will divide our country banking industry credit system transformation into three stages : the planned economy time, planed the commodity economy time and the market economy time
本文首先從我國銀行業信貸體制改革的三個階段，即計劃經濟時代、有計劃的商品經濟時代和市場經濟時代，按照時間的脈絡研究銀行貸款評價方法的演進過程入手，隨著對信貸風險認識度的不斷加深，信貸管理體制不斷完善，從無風險意識到粗放型的風險度測演算法，再到目前圍繞不同企業的不同特點進行差異化評估，信貸風險評價方法也日趨成熟。 -
For example, examine the signature for the credit method below
例如，請看下面credit方法的簽名： -
For example, the credit method that needs to be executed in transaction management and authenticated for security purposes could be annotated as follows
例如，出於安全考慮，需要在事務管理中執行並獲得認證的貨款方法可以加上注釋，如下所示： -
After the study of the present assessing credit method of asset securitization. the suitable credit assessing method of asset securitization in china is put forward
在對現有的資產證券化信用評估方法進行了研究之後，對適合中國現狀的資產證券化的信用評估方法進行了研究。
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