credit paper 中文意思是什麼
credit paper
解釋
信用票據-
In credit marking methods, the paper probes into z marking model of altaian and using the model in china
在信用評分方法中，探討altman的z計分模型及其在中國的應用。 -
Secondly, this paper analysised the core enterprise in sc, pointed out the commercioganic 7 aspects of the core enterprise for partner, it included the sway in industry of core enterprise, the product exploitation ability and occupancy share in market of core enterprise, the main product structure of core enterprise, business credit standing of core enterprise, the management antilogy and cooperation inspirit of core enterprise, the finance status of core enterprise, these also are demand of partner for core enterprise in sc, in the same time, it analysised 5 points demand of core enterprise for partner
其次，分析了供應鏈中的核心企業，指出了核心企業對合作夥伴的內在吸引力的七個方面，它們包括核心企業在行業中的影響力、核心企業產品的開發能力與在市場中的佔有率、核心企業主導產品的結構、核心企業的商業信譽、核心企業的經營思想與合作精神、核心企業的財務狀況，這也是合作夥伴對供應鏈中核心企業的要求，同時分析了核心企業對合作夥伴的5點要求。 -
This paper put forward that credit estimation and guarantee of small and middle enterprise must pay attention to its characteristics, that is to say, stressing some estimations such as " future innovation, grown - up, . development " through normative analysis remonstrating analysis, comparing analysis and research. at the same time it must deal with whole credit and part credit combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and relative relations about methods of estimation and goals of estimation. according to characteristics of credit estimation, 1 choused index and form systems of multilayer index and select combination of delphi and ahp in order to avoid subjectivity and random for setup in the course of setup of estimation index. it should adapt flexibility of anti - guarantee setup and embody its supporting function for enterprises through qualitative analysis of anti - guarantee and estimation of risk with reason. in view of mature experience and criterion of science and technology estimation, this paper introduced into concepts about index of filtration and superior and established relative and traditional methods which are suitable for modes of small and middle enterprises for credit estimation and are applied by credit guarantee
本文運用規范分析法、實證分析法、比較分析法，通過研究提出，中小企業信用評價和擔保信用評估應注重中小企業的特點，即強調「未來、創新、成長、發展」方面的評價。同時還要處理好整體信用和局部信用、定性分析和定量分析相結合以及評價方法和評價目的相對應的幾方面關系。在中小企業信用評價指標體系的設置中要根據中小企業信用評價的特點，合理選擇指標和形成多層次指標體系，並選擇delphi法（德爾菲法）和ahp （層次分析法）相結合的方法避免權重設置的主觀性、隨意性。 -
In the end, the paper demonstrates the application of the model with two listed companies in china, younger and kelong. it makes some calculation based on the initial experts grading, and gets basic status of the two companies by the analysis of weights, relative importance and effect of each factor. the results from the model are not contradictious to those from professional credit rating companies, who usually evaluate firms through financial analysis and on - site investigation
最後本文以上市公司雅戈爾和科龍為例，在專家初始評分基礎上進行了有關運算，說明了模型的運用過程，通過關于因素權重分析、因素相對重要性分析和單因素作用分析得到了關于企業的基本狀況，本文的結論和專業資信評價公司利用傳統財務分析加上實地考察法的結果不矛盾，說明了本文建立模型的科學性和適用性。 -
In order to improve the legal environment related to the private education, the paper suggests that the finical policies, credit policies, tax policies and state - owned property support the private education
關于改善與民辦教育有關的法律環境。與發達國家傳統的依靠社會捐贈辦私立學校的情況不同，我國社會捐資辦學的情況較少。 -
The paper indicates that, on the premise of the reform of property rights, the choice of modes of establishing a healthy credit system in china should follow the way of marketing. therefore a lot of work remains to be done such as opening credit inquiry data, founding the data base, establishing a scientific credit rating system, forming a credit punitive mechanism, etc. the bank should also play its role in the establishment by perfecting the existing credit management system, forming an effective credit risk precaution mechanism, and carrying out the work of interior credit rating
關於我國信用制度的具體建設，研究表明：在產權改革的前提下，我國信用制度建設的模式選擇應走市場化的道路，必須做好開放徵信數據、建立數據庫、制定科學的評級指標體系、建立失信懲罰機制等多方面工作，並且要完善銀行現有的信貸管理體制，建立有效的銀行信用風險防範機制，開展銀行內部資信評級工作，發揮銀行的作用。 -
Finally, by analyzing the models, the paper puts forward the following measures to reduce the moral hazards of water quality management of water resources of east route of south to north water transfer, including : enhancing investment in water quality inspection ; perfecting supervision mechanism ; perfecting water right market ; making proper penalty clauses ; establishing water - use credit mechanisms of water users ; reducing information asymmetry ; adjusting industrial structure ; enhancing the development of social economy ; and improving sewage disposal techniques
對兩個模型進行分析，並提出了降低南水北調東線水資源水質管理道德風險的措施：加強水質檢測投資，完善監督機制；完善水權市場；制定適當的懲罰條款；建立水用戶的用水信用機制，降低信息不對稱的程度；進行產業結構的調整，加強社會經濟的發展；提高污水治理技術水平。 -
Through investigation and analysis of the academic library reader requirements under the credit system, this paper points out the challenge that the credit system form to the academic library, and responds adoptable and reformable approach
摘要本文通過在學分制實施下高校圖書館讀者閱讀現狀調查分析，得出高校實行學分制教學制度對圖書館形成的嚴重挑戰，提出了應採取的對策和進行改革的途徑。 -
The reform of highway construction management system is the requirements of establish the socialist market system and entering the wto. besides, it is essential to the development of highway construction and promoting the national economy and social development. based on the background of the national politics and economy system reform and analysis the problems in highway construction management, through research the organs, regulations, project management and financial systems in usa, uk, france, germany and etc., the paper described the necessity and importance of the reform from the view of economy globalization and put forward the reform ideas and contents as follows : transfer the power and duty which belong to the market scope ; enforce the laws and regulations and reinforcement ; establish the engineering sponsion and guarantee system ; build the highway construction market credit system by strengthening administration and supervision
本文基於國家政治和經濟體制改革的宏觀背景，全面分析了我國公路建設管理體制中存在的問題，從國際經濟一體化和建立社會主義市場經濟體制的視角，闡述了改革的必要性和重要性，在分析研究了美國、英國、法國、日本、德國、丹麥等國家的交通管理機構設置、制度安排、項目管理和投融資體系的基礎上，對如何改革我國的公路建設管理體制進行了較深的研究和探索，提出了改革的基本思路和主要內容，即要按照責權一致的原則，轉變管理職能；按照依法行政的要求，完善法規，加強執法；適應國家投融資體制改革需要，擴大公路建設融資渠道；按照質量、效益的原則，建立科學的工程保證擔保體系；加強建設市場管理，建立公路建設市場的信用體系。 -
Follow as joining the wto and developing of finance market, china ’ s financial institution will need to upgrade the ability of quantitatively measuring and managing the credit risk urgently. the author hopes that this paper ’ s research on the structural models of credit risk can give some consultation to chinese financial institution to defend and manage the credit risk. so this paper deeply reviews the method of modeling the structural model of credit risk, than does an empirical study in china based on the leland - toft models, it is a
因此，本文對信用風險結構模型的建模方法進行了深入的考察，並將leland - toft模型應用於我國的實證研究，進行了有益的探索，本文的研究成果和創新工作主要表現在以下三個方面:第一，本文比較全面系統的闡述了merton模型， longstaff - schwartz模型和leland - toft模型三個最具代表性的信用風險結構模型的構建思路，對這三個模型的區別和特點進行了深入的考察，並給出各模型計算預期違約率的數學公式和方法。 -
This paper from the actual situation has analyzed the integer status of our banking, and mostly discussed the superior and inferior of the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country after we joined wto, and sums up that the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country should take reforms in the finance system, pattern of management, and strengthen the credit risk management, expand retailing positively and construct the networking bank such as positive effective countermeasure so as to compete with the foreign banks
該項研究，從實際出發，充分論述和分析我國銀行業的整體狀況，通過重點論述加入wto后，我國國有獨資商業銀行在競爭中具有的優、劣勢分析，總結出我國國有獨資商業銀行作為我國銀行業主體應該在金融體制改革、經營模式轉換，加強信貸風險管理，積極發展零售業務，構建網路銀行等方面，採取積極有效對策，同外資銀行進行競爭。 -
The paper, titled " credit card business of commercial banks, " is not an introduction of the basic knowledge about credit cards, or a textbook on the operation and management of credit cards. it is an explanation of the major economic phenomena in the credit card business sector and an exploration of the development of the credit card business, written with a bird - eye view of the credit card industry and in the macroscopic and medium perspective. the paper goes just as the economist zhang wuchang says, " economics is a science to explain economical phenomena.
《商業銀行信用卡業務研究》一文，並不是普及信用卡知識的大眾讀物，也不是信用卡經營管理業務的教科書，而是著眼于信用卡產業的整體情況的考察，從宏觀、中觀的角度，對發生在信用卡業務領域的主要經濟現象進行解釋，說明信用卡業務的生存發展之道，正是驗證了經濟學家張五常教授的名言「經濟學是解釋經濟現象的科學」 。 -
The essay raises that the focal point of chinese financial system reform should be to develop and perfect money market. on the base of analyzing both general functions of the market and special functions that the development of the market has influenced on chinese economy and finance, it objectively analyzes the current situation and outstanding problems of the market and advances major solutions to perfect the market, which is, with the premise of constructing credit bases of the market development and with the central task of raising the market efficiency, to perfect short - term bonds market ( including the repo market ) and commercial paper market, and to deepen policy functions of the market, for the sake of a stable and orderly market with substantial scale, united market organization, efficient clearing < wp = 5 > system, reasonable interest rate system, perfect medium organization and effective market supervision
本文認為，目前中國金融體制改革的重點應是發展和完善貨幣市場。本文在認真分析貨幣市場的一般功效以及貨幣市場的發展對中國經濟金融發展和改革的功效的基礎上，客觀分析了中國貨幣市場的發展現狀以及存在的突出問題，並提出完善中國貨幣市場的基本思路，那就是：以建設中國貨幣市場發展的信用基礎為前提，以提高中國貨幣市場的效率為主旨，完善同業拆借市場、債券市場和票據市場，深化貨幣市場的政策功能，其目標是把中國貨幣市場建成一個具備相當的規模、統一的市場組織、高效的清算系統、合理的利率體系、完善的中介組織以及有效的市場監管的穩定有序的貨幣市場。 -
This paper compares the development circumstances and status between foreign and domestic consumer credit business, introduces relevant foreign experience and puts forward suggestions and solutions in the followings including : improving the domestic circumstances, strengthening the analysis and marketing of the consumer credit market, building individual credit system, improving efficiency with better service, and controlling credit risks
本文通過比較分析國內外消費信貸的發展環境、發展狀況，借鑒國外相關經驗，從改善國內消費信貸開展的環境；加強對消費信貸市場的研究分析和營銷工作；加強個人信用制度建設；發揮科技優勢，提高工作效率，提供優質服務；防範和轉移消費信貸風險等方面提出了若干發展我國消費信貸的建議和措施。 -
As for the commercial banks, credit derivatives are the appropriate new products to meet this need, which are new tools for managing credit risk, mainly including credit default swap, total returns swap, credit linked notes and credit default option etc. this paper is written to introduce this new instrument to china, discuss the environment and conditions in china for the development of credit derivatives, and provide suggestions for it
對商業銀行來說，信用衍生產品正是為了滿足商業銀行的這種需要應運而生的，是一種新的管理信用風險的工具。目前，我國商業銀行面臨的最大的風險莫過于信用風險。並且，根據我國加入世貿的承諾，我國金融業將於2006年12月11日向外資金融機構全面放開，屆時，外資銀行將和中資銀行站在同一個起跑線上展開競爭。 -
This paper starts from the points of both theory and practice to analyze value - creation - based business credit management system
本文從理論和實踐角度分析研究了基於價值創造的企業信用管理。 -
For the credit absence of china ’ s listed companies, this paper analyses it from the visual angle of corporate governance by using the theories of property rights economics and information economics and the empirical approach
針對我國上市公司信用狀況不佳的情況，本文試著用產權經濟學、信息經濟學的理論和數學實證的方法，從公司治理的角度來分析我國上市公司信用缺失的問題。 -
Reflections on the conduct of using credit card obtained by fraud with false identification paper
論使用以虛假的身份證明騙領的信用卡之行為 -
It got firsthand information through a great deal of investigation and research, made omni - direction analysis and study on the yantai zhongya pharmaceutical company ( ytx found the key factor which caused the former depression. it goes from the current situation and future development trend, combining the situation and market character of this industry in the world, with the writer ' s long time and deep analysis upon those successful foreign enterprises in china. the paper puts forwards the strategy of promotion, product improvement, brand establishment hi marketing area, hi the respect of marketing channel and promotion, the paper described concept of credit management, customer management and the way of occupying final market
本論文採取實證研究方法，將營銷管理理論與企業的經營運作相結合，通過大量的調查研究，掌握了第一手資料：對煙臺中亞藥業公司進行了全方位的分析研究，找出了前階段經營滑坡存在的問題；進而針對這些問題，從我國醫藥發展的現狀以及未來發展的趨勢著手，結合當前世界醫藥行業面臨的形勢和市場特點，再加上筆者多年來對國內成功的外企? ?醫藥公司加以深入的分析，提出了在產品市場營銷方面的市場拓展、產品劑型改進、樹立名牌產品等策略；在其銷售渠道與促銷方面提出了誠信管理、客戶管理以及如何占領終端市場，並闡述了煙臺中亞藥業公司從企業自身發展和應對競爭者挑戰應採取的行之有效的營銷策略及實施建議。 -
The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method
本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
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