credit reform 中文意思是什麼
credit reform
解釋
信用改革-
Policy : on the aspect of correlative policy, the article analyzes the strong influence of varied policies on auto car demand. the most important policies among those are national industry policy, local consumption policy, tax policy, environment protection policy, reform policy of government allocated car system and financial credit policy
在政策方面，本文用大量的事實、數據和圖表分析了現行國家產業政策、地方消費政策、稅費政策，環保政策、公車改革政策、金融信貸政策對轎車需求產生的抑揚影響。 -
The paper indicates that, on the premise of the reform of property rights, the choice of modes of establishing a healthy credit system in china should follow the way of marketing. therefore a lot of work remains to be done such as opening credit inquiry data, founding the data base, establishing a scientific credit rating system, forming a credit punitive mechanism, etc. the bank should also play its role in the establishment by perfecting the existing credit management system, forming an effective credit risk precaution mechanism, and carrying out the work of interior credit rating
關於我國信用制度的具體建設，研究表明：在產權改革的前提下，我國信用制度建設的模式選擇應走市場化的道路，必須做好開放徵信數據、建立數據庫、制定科學的評級指標體系、建立失信懲罰機制等多方面工作，並且要完善銀行現有的信貸管理體制，建立有效的銀行信用風險防範機制，開展銀行內部資信評級工作，發揮銀行的作用。 -
Rational analysis on the reform of rural credit union
農村信用合作社改革的理性分析 -
The reform of highway construction management system is the requirements of establish the socialist market system and entering the wto. besides, it is essential to the development of highway construction and promoting the national economy and social development. based on the background of the national politics and economy system reform and analysis the problems in highway construction management, through research the organs, regulations, project management and financial systems in usa, uk, france, germany and etc., the paper described the necessity and importance of the reform from the view of economy globalization and put forward the reform ideas and contents as follows : transfer the power and duty which belong to the market scope ; enforce the laws and regulations and reinforcement ; establish the engineering sponsion and guarantee system ; build the highway construction market credit system by strengthening administration and supervision
本文基於國家政治和經濟體制改革的宏觀背景，全面分析了我國公路建設管理體制中存在的問題，從國際經濟一體化和建立社會主義市場經濟體制的視角，闡述了改革的必要性和重要性，在分析研究了美國、英國、法國、日本、德國、丹麥等國家的交通管理機構設置、制度安排、項目管理和投融資體系的基礎上，對如何改革我國的公路建設管理體制進行了較深的研究和探索，提出了改革的基本思路和主要內容，即要按照責權一致的原則，轉變管理職能；按照依法行政的要求，完善法規，加強執法；適應國家投融資體制改革需要，擴大公路建設融資渠道；按照質量、效益的原則，建立科學的工程保證擔保體系；加強建設市場管理，建立公路建設市場的信用體系。 -
What we can do is to consult the construction of credit card ' s company in the world, and choose the mode fit us the best. we should run the credit card ' s company with the centralizing management, deputizing relationship between the bank and the card company, the right system of bestir and engaging, the rudder of profit, and the expecting of the joint - stock frame. so " companying " make the credit card to get the great development, and exert the profound influence on our national finance reform
本文從「公司化」的理論根源出發，對信用卡的公司化模式進行實際構架設計，借鑒國際上信用卡公司的組織結構，選擇適合自己發展的模式，通過集中管理的運作方式、相互代理的行內關系、恰當的人員聘任和激勵機制、以利潤為中心的指導思想，以及謀求股份制改造的工作思路，對我國信用卡現有經營管理模式進行改造，從而使我國信用卡發展邁上新的臺階，也為我國金融業的改革發揮巨大的促進作用。 -
The essay raises that the focal point of chinese financial system reform should be to develop and perfect money market. on the base of analyzing both general functions of the market and special functions that the development of the market has influenced on chinese economy and finance, it objectively analyzes the current situation and outstanding problems of the market and advances major solutions to perfect the market, which is, with the premise of constructing credit bases of the market development and with the central task of raising the market efficiency, to perfect short - term bonds market ( including the repo market ) and commercial paper market, and to deepen policy functions of the market, for the sake of a stable and orderly market with substantial scale, united market organization, efficient clearing < wp = 5 > system, reasonable interest rate system, perfect medium organization and effective market supervision
本文認為，目前中國金融體制改革的重點應是發展和完善貨幣市場。本文在認真分析貨幣市場的一般功效以及貨幣市場的發展對中國經濟金融發展和改革的功效的基礎上，客觀分析了中國貨幣市場的發展現狀以及存在的突出問題，並提出完善中國貨幣市場的基本思路，那就是：以建設中國貨幣市場發展的信用基礎為前提，以提高中國貨幣市場的效率為主旨，完善同業拆借市場、債券市場和票據市場，深化貨幣市場的政策功能，其目標是把中國貨幣市場建成一個具備相當的規模、統一的市場組織、高效的清算系統、合理的利率體系、完善的中介組織以及有效的市場監管的穩定有序的貨幣市場。 -
Briefly on rough progress of rural credit cooperative reform in the changes of compulsory system
淺析在強制性制度變遷中艱難前行的農村信用社改革 -
Firstly starting from his own work experience, combined with the foreign successful experiences and loses of developing cooperative finance, and consulting a large amount of documents and materials, the author systematically studies the fundamental theory and operating mode of cooperative finance. then, on the basis of a deep investigation and research into the present situation, characteristics and problems of rural credit cooperation, he thoroughly analyses its reform mode and trend of development, and presents his view to help rural credit cooperation extricate itself from predicament
本文首先從作者自己的工作實踐出發，結合國外發展合作金融的成功經驗和失敗教訓，並參閱了大量的文獻資料，系統地研究了合作金融的基本理論以及運作模式；其次，在對農村信用社的現狀、特點以及存在的問題進行了深入調查研究的基礎上，對農村信用社的改革模式、發展方面進行了全面分析，提出了農村信用社目前擺脫困境的發展思路。 -
Since being purchase share of the local commercial bank such as shanghai bank and nanjing commercial bank etc, until now development to purchase share of the largest countries bank, again turns object to share - holding bank such as huaxia bank and bohai bank etc, even interest in the reform of credit cooperation bank
其中，外國金融機構參股國內銀行的范圍與路線圖正在不斷擴大。從早先主要是參股地方商業銀行如上海銀行和南京商業銀行等，擴展到參股國有商業銀行，現在又把視線轉向股份制銀行如華夏銀行和渤海銀行等，甚至對農信社改制也興趣盎然。 -
By the end of 2002, of the many influential financial research bodies and credit rating agencies that delived a series of research reports on the chinese banking system, goldman sachs poited out in its research report in dec. 2002 that the bank insolvency such as the one experienced by the south east asian countries during the financial crisis did not pose so big a threat to the chinese banking system as the collapsing banking system of janpan caused by the absence of the much needed total finacial reform. this lack of reform has seriously inhabited the recovery and the growth of the japanese economy
在2002年底，全球不少有影響的金融研究機構，評級機構不約而同地發表了對中國銀行體系的一系列研究報告，其中高盛公司在其2002年12月的研究報告中指出，中國的銀行體系最值得擔心的倒不是類似東南亞金融危機中其國家銀行業所出現的摧枯拉朽般的倒閉風潮，最擔心的倒是像日本的金融體系一樣，因為遲遲不推出徹底的金融改革，不僅使得銀行體系一蹶不振，而且還嚴重製約了日本經濟的復甦與增長潛力的發揮。 -
The thought about reform of rural credit cooperative
對縣級聯社統一法人制的思考 -
These changes might include such diverse activities as the reform of land tenure, corporate tax, credit, and banking structures.
這些變革可以包括土地使用權、公司稅法、信貸和銀行體制的改革。 -
The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。 -
At last, the paper suggested the strategy of persistent development and the learning significance of the rural credit cooperative reform in the other developed regions
最後，提出了農村商業銀行實現可持續發展的戰略和對其他經濟較發達地區農村信用社改革的借鑒意義。 -
Reform of rural credit co - operatives in economic backward regions
經濟落後地區農村信用社的改革 -
In order to get rid of financial crisis, credit crisis, management crisis, etc which government confronts, and also to positively deal with the requests of globalization and information, most countries have been performing administrative reforms since the 1980s, with the aim to revive the administrative activities by finding out new administrative ways, modes and developing power. therefore, a worldwide government reform has been raised
為了擺脫政府本身所面臨的諸如財政危機、信任危機、管理危機等困境，積極應對全球化和信息化的時代訴求， 20世紀80年代起，世界各國紛紛投入到了公共行政改革之中，力圖尋找新的行政路徑，行政模式和發展動力，使窘迫的行政活動重顯魅力和生機，於是，掀起了一股世界性的改造政府運動。 -
On credit crisis and test reform of adult higher diploma education
高等教育自學考試作弊現象成因分析及對策探討 -
So, the construction of good faith ' s ethic needs strengthening through the reform of old system, the enhancing of publicity, the perfection of legal system and the building of credit system
當前，需要從改革舊體制、加強輿論宣傳、健全法制、構建健全的信用體系等方面加強誠信倫理的建設。 -
Since 80 % of the credit was released by the state commercial bank, therefore here i would like to talk about some negative point of the state commercial bank on supporting those enterprises, such as the lessons we have taken and the pressure we will face, the comparision between the risk and benefit, the impact after the reform on credit management system, currently the credit sources will transfer to center city and famous enterprise
指出國有商業信貸資源向大中城市和大中優質企業轉移，是我國市場經濟發展和經濟結構不斷調整優化以及企業追求價值最大化的一種必然反映，符合金融滲透的一般規律，而主要問題在於國有商業銀行對于部分有市場、有效益，有信用的中小企業支持不夠；文章還分析了政府在中小企業融資過程的作用。 -
In consideration of the developing trends of urban - rural areas programming and training appeals and aims of the special talents, the teaching reform of the major should carry out around the following aspects : pushing up the credit system reforming talents ' training patterns to make up integrated and flexiable course system, strengthening course development, reforming teaching methods, training college students ' creative thinking, enhancing practising education, training students ' creative abilities in the social production, intensifying moral and environmental consiousness education, accelerating to form fine professional ethies
摘要鑒于城鄉規劃學科的發展趨勢與城鄉規劃人才的培養要求和培養目標，城鄉規劃專業教學改革應圍繞以下方面進行：推行學分制，構建完整且具一定靈活性的課程體系；加強課程建設、改革教學方法，培養學生的創造思維；強化實踐教學，在社會和生產大環境中培養學生的創新能力；加強社會公德教育、環境意識教育，促進良好職業道德形成。
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