currency area 中文意思是什麼
currency area
解釋
貨幣區-
Recent surveys show that businesses in the 13 - nation euro currency area are becoming sharply more downbeat. worsening data are prompting economists to cut their growth forecasts for the region
近期所做的調查顯示，歐元區13國的商業企業突然變得愈發悲觀起來。鑒于不斷惡化的數據，經濟學家們相應下調了對該地區的增長預期。 -
As the resuit of globaily currency and the change of city industrial frame in the end of 20 century many traditional industriai area become ruin and the reiics of industriai buildings face the fat6 of backout. through the anaiyses of the impohance of industrial buiidings, and also through many examples, this paper tries to find out the method of the reconstructibie use of industriai buiidings in two leveis : the microcosmic levei and the grandiosity ievel
本文從產業建築遺存的價值分析著手，並通過分析大量的國內外產業建築遺存的改造性再利用的實例，試圖從微觀層面和宏觀兩個層面探討產業建築遺存的改造性再利用的方法：從微觀層面探討產業建築遺存的改造性再利用的技術手段，並從宏觀層面探討產業建築遺存的改造性再利用在緘市設計中的運用。 -
Viewing the difficult points of currencies cooperation in east asia nowaday according to the theory of optimal currency area
全球化時代國際經濟關系的特徵與發展趨勢 -
According to the results of the oca ( optimal currency area ) standards test, east asia have generally reached a comparably high level in respect of four main categories
本文對東亞地區進行最優貨幣區標準檢驗的結果顯示，東亞各經濟體在開放度、區域市場一體化程度、宏觀經濟相似度以及經濟沖擊相關度等各方面已經基本達到了較高的層次。 -
It is the chinese - foreign joint venture of the main fact that gaozhou county good foreign leather and fur products co., ltd. produce the leather glove, this company at former city of gaozhou county good foreigns, on going into operation formally will it be june 30 one one year, glove produced sell to europe, american more than ten countries all, there are five workshops and two subsidiary factories now, the factory building takes up an area of more than 6000 square meters, construction area of factory building is more than 10000 square meters, the high speed is flat to sew 780 trolley - buses, total assets are 29, 500, 000 yuan, fixed assets are 8, 750, 000 yuan, more than 1200 staff, the annual output is more than 90 million yuan, exports goods and earn foreign currency more than 10 million dollars
高州嘉洋皮革製品有限公司是生產皮手套為主的中外合資企業，該公司由原高州市嘉洋皮件廠和香港商人黃和生先生共同投資140萬美元興辦，於二00一年六月三十日正式投產，所生產的手套全部銷往歐、美等十多個國家，現有五個車間和二個分廠，廠房佔地6000多平方米，廠房建築面積10000多平方米，高速平縫電車780臺，總資產2950萬元，固定資產875萬元，員工1200多人，年產值九千多萬元，出口創匯1000多萬美元。 -
All rooms have air conditioning and heating, bathroom and large kang - style beds that are heated in winter. 24 - hour reception, lobby, laundry service, restaurant, car rent, back up generator, non - smoking rooms, bar, parking, multilingual staff, fax, tourist service, currency exchange, shoe shine, umbrella, internet access in public areascsurcharge, coffee shop, bicycle rental, library reading room area
客棧風格傳統獨特，保持了原汁原味的明清古建築風貌，深幽的巷道久遠的上馬石拴馬柱，典型的二進式四合院考究的垂花門樓精美的雕刻及彩繪傳統的土炕古色古香的明清傢具走進客棧，彷彿走進了歷史中，那種古樸雅緻溫馨舒適的感覺油然而生，使人流連忘返。 -
The thesis is made up of three parts : first part, the euro pattern of single currency union. the author starts from " a theory of optimum currency areas " and a cost - income analysis of joining optimum currency area, providing a theoretical background for the euro pattern. then with the practice of european monetary integration, the paper fazes on the innovation of euro pattern to international monetary system
首先闡述歐元模式的理論基礎：蒙代爾等人的最優貨幣區理論以及90年代以來對加入貨幣區的成本和收益的分析；然後，結合歐洲貨幣一體化的實踐，文章重點分析歐元模式對國際貨幣制度的創新之處。 -
An intra - area fixed exchange rate or a common currency is the most appropriate for economies that are closely integrated through common product and factor markets, have similar degrees of business cycle synchronisation, and are subject to common economic shocks
若兩個經濟體系透過共同的產品及生產要素市場達到高度融合，並且經濟周期趨同，以及承受共同的經濟沖擊，那麼固定匯率或共同貨幣是最合適的貨幣安排。 -
The planned route is fixed according to sea area, ship condition and weather element. then we may correct the route, rudder and engine in the light of wind currency and obstacle as well as make control in accordance with actual state, economy and requirement to obtain the relevant avoidance data by using of ais or arpa and offer the corresponding navigational safe areas in connection with the various navigational areas and conditions
利用ais （ automaticidentificationsystem ，船舶自動識別系統）或arpa （自動雷達標繪儀）獲得相關的避讓數據，對相同海域航行的船舶態勢及船舶長度進行避航領域的推算，將其結果與實際調查的情況進行擬合和數據處理，針對不同的航行區域與條件，給出相應的航行安全領域。 -
Now they must aim for membership of the single currency ( slovenia already uses the euro ) and the border - free schengen area ( set to expand next month )
現在它們必須加入單一貨幣區（斯洛維尼亞已經開始在使用歐元）以及互免簽證的申根區（定於下月擴大） 。 -
Robert a. mundell, the 1999 winner of nobel prize of economics, madeinnovative contributions to international macro - economics. his originality lies in the following areas : ( 1 ) setting up the mundell flemming model which pointed out for the first time that the efficiency of various policies aimed at stability of economy depends on the flow of international capital ; ( 2 ) designing a framework for dynamic analysis of currency flow based on hume ' s theory in quantity of classical currency ; ( 3 ) putting forward a theory of “ optimum currency area ”, which lays a theoretical foundation for establishing the european monetary system
1999年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主羅伯特?芒德爾在國際宏觀經濟學方面做出了開創性貢獻，主要是: （ 1 ）創立了芒德爾一弗萊明模型，第一次較為系統地指出了各種經濟穩定政策的效率依賴于國際資本流動的程度; （ 2 ）通過發展休謨的古典貨幣數量論，建立了一套貨幣動態學分析體系； （ 3 ）開創性地提出了「最優貨幣區理論」 ，為歐盟建立共同貨幣提供了核心的理論基礎。 -
Electronic currency not only accelerates the development of every banking service, completes the service of commercial banks, and improves its service and management, but also becomes an important tool to develop market of each and every area of the society, to gain huge profit, and to improve fund structure and currency flow
在我國乃至世界，電子貨幣的提出不僅帶動了銀行各項業務開展，完善了商業銀行的服務種類，提高了服務水平和管理水平，並且成為社會各行業全方位開拓市場，獲得豐厚利潤，改善資金結構，促進貨幣流通的重要工具。 -
A review of optimum currency area theory
最優貨幣區理論發展階段評鑒 -
The east asia currency cooperation : an optimal currency area index interpretation
從最優貨幣區指數進行的解讀 -
Firstly, it is necessary to set up a regional crisis - preventing organization, then develop a linkage mechanism of foreign exchange rate, and finally shift to an asian single currency area system
因此，可考慮先建立區域內的危機防範機構，再建立東亞匯率聯動機制，最後逐步過渡到亞洲單一貨幣區。 -
Whether the new member states are mature enough to join the euro area has been determined by two standard : one is the legal standard based on the convergence criteria of the maastricht treaty, the other one is the theoretical standard rested on the optimum currency area theory
在判斷歐盟新成員加入歐元區的時機是否成熟時，可主要遵循兩項標準：一是法律標準，基於《馬約》框架下經濟指標的趨同規定；二是理論標準，基於最適度貨幣區的組建條件。 -
In this foundation, the article operating cost - income analysis method has contrasted the currency alliance cost and the income, and has analyzed the asian currency integration and the asian currency unit foundation necessity from the external environment and own condition two aspects ; and then, has analyzed the asian currency integration feasibility through a series of optimum currency area target
在此基礎上，文章運用成本?收益分析方法對比了貨幣聯盟的成本和收益，並從外部環境和自身需要兩方面分析了亞洲貨幣一體化及亞元創建的必要性;運用一系列最優貨幣區指標分析了亞洲貨幣一體化的可行性。 -
The summery and review of exiting exchange rate regime choice theory literature are done in second chapter. among other things, the fixed and floating exchange rate dispute, optimum currency area, open economy macroeconomic model, design of intermediate exchange rate regime, currency crisis model and corner solution, exchange rate regime choice in developing countries and the positive study on exchange rate regime are discussed intensively. one finding is that the mainstream exchange rate regime literatures are always critical to the exiting prevailing exchange rate regime and resort to ever proved unsuccessful regimes to cure the problem in sight
第三章轉向對中國當前匯率制度的分析，在簡略概述其發展演化過程后，對當前我國匯率制度安排的成敗得失進行了評價，指出其基本適應了中國改革開放的需要，在中國避免東亞金融危機中發揮了重要作用，但現存匯率制度在效率、運行成本、對貨幣政策自主性的影響以及風險累積上仍存在著缺陷，這些缺陷在經濟進一步開放條件下有可能成為新的不穩定性因素。 -
On the theoretical aspect, the theory of the " optimum currency area ", founded by robert mundell and further contributed by ronald mickimmon, janes ingram and some other renowned economists, has framed the regional financial cooperation
歐元的成功運行在實踐上為區域金融合作樹立了典範，而區域金融合作理論的發展為區域金融合作提供了理論上的指導。 -
The conclusion is that, as a currency area, the so - called " fixed - pegged exchange rate regime " should be carried out among east asian countries
根據這一理論，東亞貨幣合作的必要性是顯而易見的，但在選擇其目標與路徑時，必須進行系統的分析。
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