economic lots 中文意思是什麼

( 2 ) after the establishment of the goal of socialist marketable economic system, market mechanism has began to play leading or important role in lots of economic fields, meanwhile the prices of most commodities become unloosed and modern enterprise system gets established. the reform of marketing not only brings energy into our economy, ameliorates allocation status of production - element and impro ves economic efficiency, but also changes the phenomenon of isomorphism of regional industry " to some extent

（ 2 ）社會主義市場經濟體制目標確立后，隨著我國絕大多數商品的價格逐步放開，現代企業制度逐步確立，市場機制開始在多數經濟領域起著主導或者重要作用，市場化改革在給經濟注入活力、改善要素配置狀況和提高經濟效率的同時，也會使我國區域間的產業同構現象發生一定程度的變化。

Since metaphase and anaphase in the 1990 ' s, enterprise groups " m & a are frequent in the domestic and international economic lives. lots of them are astounding incipiently, but not sound operation after 3 or 5 years, just short - term refulgence

自上世紀90年代中、後期以來，企業集團並購案在國內外經濟生活中頻乃發生，很多是起初轟轟烈烈， 3 、 5年後偃旗息鼓，曇花一現，譬如宜昌猴王集團、濟南中國輕騎集團、鄭百文集團等。

After introducing the historic 、 economic 、 social background of china ’ s securities industry, the thesis classified its process into several stages and then disclosed lots of frustration accompanying its growth. currently, an increasing number of problems, such as unreasonable structure of securities industry, difficult operating environment, and ubiquitous unadaptable corporate governance, are beginning to surface. the purpose of this thesis is to find out profoud reason of the conflict phenomenon, then providing the solution for the growth of china ’ s securities industry. to achieve this target, on the guidance of some theories, such as that of industrial organization 、 corporate governance and core competence, this thesis made plenty of analysis about several indexes

本論文從當代中國券商行業的歷史背景、經濟背景、社會文化背景入手，通過對券商發展的階段劃分，揭示中國券商行業發展過程中的諸多曲折，尤其是在新的時代背景下，券商行業中出現的眾多與證券市場發展不相適應的地方，既有行業結構不合理的內因，也有行業外部經營環境惡化的外因，還有普遍存在的公司治理結構欠妥等原因。

Rubber tree ( hevea brasiliensis ) is an important economic woody - crop in tropical areas. its latex is the unique source of crude rubber used in current industry. because of its special and important use, the rubber tree has been extensively planted in tropical areas. increase production is always the main target in rubber tree cultivation. since the ethrel was applied in increasing latex production in 1968 for the first time as a chemical stimulant, not only the latex production had been increased largely, but also a new set of rubber tapping system had been established, leading to a series of economic benefit. owing to ethrel " s extensive application, its side effects had been found more and more obviously, such as tapping dry, speeding up senescence, shortening the life span of rubber tree etc. in order to overcome the side effects and increase production more availably, for a long time, people had carried out lots of research work on cell level, membrane level, physiology and biochemistry of laticifer contents. but the mech anism why ethrel increased latex production was not yet understood completely. this study had cloned the ethylene receptor gene ( efrl ) from rubber tree, and researched the relationship between etrl expression in laticifers and ethrel stimulation on transcription level and protein translation level. the results were as follows : 1

但是，由於乙烯利應用的普及，乙烯利刺激割膠引起橡膠樹發生死皮病及加速膠樹衰老，縮短膠樹壽命等副作用也越來越明顯。為了克服這些副作用，使乙烯利能更有效地刺激增產，長期以來，人們在細胞水平、膜水平和乳管細胞內含物的生理生化層面上進行了大量的研究，但仍未完全了解乙烯對膠樹的作用機制。本研究從分子水平入手，克隆橡膠樹的乙烯受體基因（ etr1 ） ，並在轉錄水平和蛋白質翻譯水平上研究etr1基因在乳管細胞中的表達及與乙烯刺激的關系，取得了以下結果： 1

Lots of international studies indicate that there is an obviously negative relationship between natural endowments and economic growth in some countries, which brings about " resource curse " effect

摘要國際上許多研究顯示，自然稟賦與一些國家的經濟增長之間存在顯著的負相關關系，由此形成所謂的「資源沮咒」效應。

The state taking place of market as economic running mechanism played a prominent role in regulating economic activities such as : enacted regulations to control price, allocated foreign exchange, created lots of public enterprises, restricted trade, overvalued foreign exchange rate, et al. to some extent, this kind of economic policy was necessary and brought positive effects to african countries. but every thing has two sides, so does this economic policy

在政府制定的各項經濟政策中，政府將大筆資金用於興建基礎設施、公共部門和各類補貼；干預信貸資金規模、配置及規定較低的利率；制定經濟發展計劃，確定經濟發展目標，實行廣泛的國有化；對主導產業提供支持和保護等等，無不體現政府作為主要經濟運行機制的影響以及對經濟活動的干預和控制。

To minimize the impact of the overhaul of power generating, transmission equipments on the safety, stability and economic operation of power gird, this paper, aiming at the overhaul demand of lots of equipments, brings forward the practical optimization method for overhaul planning which can adapt to the dynamic changes of the scale of power grid and integrate the load forecast and the balance of power load and power volume into it, therefore solve the key technical problems encountered by using computer to realize the optimization of overhaul planning

為最大程度減少電網發、輸電設備檢修對電網安全、穩定、經濟運行的影響，針對電網大量設備的檢修需求，提出了能適應電網規模動態變化，並與電網負荷預測、電力電量平衡有機結合的實用檢修計劃優化方法，解決了利用計算機實現檢修計劃優化的關鍵技術問題。

In part one, the general of reclamation of arable land for reforestation : basing on resulting lots of data, author referred to many measures taken by america and china in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation and took the comparison, which concluded the following : china does not take the ways that the developed countries firstly destroyed before protection ; carrying out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation step and step is the important step which improves the reasonlesss utilization of land ; because of the weak economic base in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation of china and the low rate of labor, we should enlarge the content of science and technology, improve per yield of the remaining cultivated land and solve the self - sufficiency of grain, meanwhile the government should strengthen the transfer of remaining labor, adjust the industrial construction and lead the construction of small cities and towns ; the implement of reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not leave the support of the government ; we should carry out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation according to law ; the reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not be seen the effort in the short time, we should insist in a long time. which can have the result

本論文共分八個部分：第一部分退耕還林概況：筆者在查閱大量資料的基礎上，參閱美國與中國的退耕還林過程中所採取的各項措施並進行比較，得出了以下結論：中國不能重走發達國家先破壞后保護的道路；有計劃、有步驟地實施退耕還林是改善不合理土地利用現象的有力舉措；中國退耕還林經濟基礎較為薄弱，農業勞動生產率低，退耕還林后，必須加大科技含量，提高剩餘耕地的單產，解決糧食自給問題，同時，政府應加強剩餘勞動力轉移，產業結構調整及小城鎮建設的引導；退耕還林的實施仍離不開政府的扶持；依法退耕還林；退耕還林不是在短期內能見到效果的，長期堅持必有成效。該部分最後論述了目前國內退耕還林工程政策、管理方面的現狀及其存在哪些問題尚待改進或繼續深入研究，並需要進一步完善。第二部分退耕還林背景分析：針對我國目前生態環境建設中的退耕還林工程，就其產生的根源從社會經濟背景、生態環境背景及西部大開發三個角度進行了全面、系統的分析。

Since the reform opening, chinese economic districts have conflicted very strongly, specially in the economic transformation period, regional economy conflict causes or deteriorates lots of important macroscopic and microscopic economic problems, this will have bad influence on chinese development

改革開放以來，中國區域經濟沖突表現得十分突出，特別在經濟轉型時期，區域經濟沖突引發或加劇了許多重大的微觀與宏觀經濟問題，這將對整個國家的發展產生不利影響。

On the base of researching lots of information, the author particularly analyzes and compares the technique and economic index of steel residence and traditional structural system - rc structure to reflects the steel residence ' s good overall economic benefit by concrete datum from the material cost, effective service area and the construction ' s speed etc. discuss the optimum structural system of different scale of earthquake. the theory and example illustrate that when high steel residence has great horizontal load, the frame - prop structure is optimum

在大量資料研究的基礎上，作者進行了一個六層住宅建築實例的技術性與經濟性分析比較，該建築分別採用鋼結構和傳統結構體系? ?鋼筋混凝土框架結構，通過具體數字，從結構主材造價、有效使用面積、施工速度等幾方面反映鋼結構住宅建築的綜合經濟效益好，討論了不同地震烈度下兩種結構的優化體系，理論、結構分析算例和此實例分析都說明了有較大水平荷載時，多、高層住宅鋼結構宜採用鋼框架? ?支撐結構體系。

But these days, people have more worries than before by the fact of dependency of fdi of other country to push the economic growth in china and by the fact of stronger competitiveness of mne than china ’ s own company. people pay lots of attention to the china local enterprises whether they can challenge the mne

對於一個後起的趕超型大國，要提高國家競爭力，就必須確定戰略產業，在戰略產業中創造良好的、開放競爭的體制環境，又對這一領域中的本國企業進行核心競爭力的塑造和扶持，才能發揮后發優勢，打造自主創新體系，趕超先進國家。

With the development of high - technology, all trades " production and development need electric power which is one of the main energy. so the accuracy of electrical parameter caculation is very important for our country ' s economic development. the normal usage of ac indictor is very important for guaranteeing electricity ' s safety production and accuracy of electrical parameter caculation. now the area of domestic ac indictor has lots of shortcomings such as demanding many people synchronous proceeding, equipment operation complicacy and personnel error etc. so it can not demand the need of modern ac indictor checking

因此電參數計量的準確可靠，對保證我國經濟的發展至關重要。交流儀表的正常使用，對保證發供電的安全生產、電能計量的準確可靠、電參量量值傳遞的準確可靠，發揮著至關重要的作用。目前國內交流指示儀表領域存在需要多人同步進行、校驗設備多、操作復雜、人員誤差大和勞動效率底等諸多缺點，加之電工校驗臺技術等級低，已經無法滿足現代化校驗交流指示儀表的需要。

In order to accelerate their economic growth, lots of countries cast aside interest rate regulation policies that they have adopted for a long term in the past and attempted to implement interest rate deregulation reform

放鬆利率管制是麥金農和肖所討論的政策重點。許多國家為謀求經濟增長而廢棄了長期採用的利率管制政策，嘗試進行利率市場化改革。

In the past several years, the government has put lots of efforts on straightening out and regulating the market economic order by conducting the national campaigns against illegal economic activities, including smuggling, commercial cheating, and sale of fake goods, etc. however, due to some historical and social reasons, there are still many illegal economic activities in the current market and the status of market economic order must be further improved urgently

我們國家在確立社會主義市場經濟體制改革目標的同時，就明確把建立規范的市場經濟秩序作為一項重要內容，並為整頓和規范市場經濟秩序作了大量工作，如先後在全國開展了打擊走私、騙匯、騙取出口退稅和制售假冒偽劣商品等違法犯罪活動的專項斗爭，取得明顯成效。但總的看來，市場經濟秩序混亂的狀況還沒有改變，經濟領域的違法犯罪活動依然相當嚴重，市場經濟秩序有待進一步整治。

The corn refining industy was estabished in 1848 in america. the world war stimulated the development of corn refining and the corn refiner got much more economic profits. the comprehensive utilization of corn was realized and a variety of modified starch were developed before 1950s in america. after 1960s, the corn refiners in america created lots of bioproducts from corn starch by the fermentation. first of all, the hfcs which has been a popular product at present was largely produced. moreover, many organic acids and sugar, alcohols were produced as chemical materials. the corn refiners in the america are focusing on developing new corn refining products which can take the place of petrol products

美國玉米加工業始建於1848年，第一、二次世界大戰刺激了玉米加工業的發展，並使美國玉米加工企業獲得了大量的經濟利益.本世紀50年代前，美國玉米加工業就已實現了綜合利用，並開發了多種變性澱粉. 60年代以後實現了從澱粉到生物技術產品的轉化.首先，玉米高果糖漿實現了工業化生產，並成為目前玉米加工業的主要產品.此外，以葡萄糖為原料，生產有機酸、醇等化工原料.目前，美國加工業正致力於開發替代石油製品的玉米深加工產品

It has both encouraged economic development and brought lots pressure on existing tax theory and tax management, the agreement on new tax theory and management adapting to the new context has not been reached yet

電子商務在促進經濟發展的同時，對現行的稅收理論和稅收征管工作也帶來很大的壓力。目前，各國在現行稅收理論對電子商務的適用性問題上還沒有達成一致。

The rural agricultural extension organizations in yi zheng city has set models and extended a large quantity of fine breeds and advanced applicable technologies, educated and trained lots of rural technicians, established some economic entities serving agriculture, these years, which plays an active role in agricultural sciences extension and agricultural production

近年來，儀征市鄉鎮農業推廣機構先後示範、推廣了一大批優良品種和先進適用技術，教育、培訓了一批農民技術員，興辦了一批為農服務經濟實體等，在推廣農業科技、發展農業生產等方面發揮了積極作用。

The thesis takes finance risk as research object which studies up on the theory system, statistic measurement models and policy of china macroscopic finance risk. the author applies lots of data in analyzing and evaluating china macroscopic finance risk from the establishment of market economic system, and tries to explore the discipline and characteristic, then bring forward theoretical source and policy suggestion for the strategic management of national macroscopic finance risk. the main contents is as follows : the first chapter defines risk, finance risk and macroscopic finance risk, then concludes the basic characteristic of macroscopic finance risk, involving the complexity and multiplicity of forming reasons generated latency, accompanying of finance development and severity of educing crisis. finally, it discusses forming mechanism of macroscopic finance risk from three aspects, such as general source, informational source and international background represents following action and gearing utility in the process from risk to crises

本文以宏觀金融風險為研究對象，研究我國宏觀金融風險的理論體系、統計度量模型和政策，運用大量的統計數據對市場經濟體制建立以來我國宏觀金融風險狀況進行了分析和評價，試圖探索我國宏觀金融風險的變化規律和形成原因的特殊性，為國家宏觀金融風險的戰略管理提出理論依據和政策建議。其主要研究內容如下：首先，從風險、金融風險和宏觀金融風險等定義出發，總結了宏觀金融風險形成原因的復雜性和多重性、生成的潛伏性、與金融發展的相隨性和引發危機的嚴重性等基本特徵，從金融風險產生的一般根源、信息根源和國際背景三方面論述了宏觀金融風險形成的機理，最後闡釋了從金融風險到金融危機的傳導機制。

After the transfer, the enterprises cannot adapt to the changes in a long time, which reflects in the following aspects : the size of the enterprises is relatively small, with weak competitive power ; the structure of products is single and it is hard to develop new products, the enterprises cover a narrow market and have weak power to widen it ; the enterprises have rigid systems and mechanisms ; the enterprises get big deficit and low economic efficiency ; the management departments divert quickly leading to lots of contradictions ; the ideas of management lag behind time

軍隊保障性企業移交地方管理后，在相當長的時間內不適應，這個不適應主要表現在：企業規模小，行業競爭能力弱；產品結構單一，新產品開發難；市場面窄，市場開拓能力差；體制僵化，機制不活；虧損數額大，經濟效益不高；管理部門變化快，內部矛盾多；觀念落後，管理水平低等。

How to make a choice is related to lots of factors such as law theories, society interests and economic conditions etc. so different countries have to make their own rational choice based on native conditions

如何進行模式的選擇涉及到法律理論、社會利益以及經濟狀況等多種因素，因此不同國家只能從本國的實際情況出發才能做出理性的選擇。