efficiency estimate 中文意思是什麼

efficiency estimate 解釋
有效估計量
  • efficiency : n. 1. 功效。2. 效率；效能；實力，能力。3. 【物理學】性能。
  • estimate : vt 1 估計，估算；估價；估量。2 評價，評斷。3 〈古語〉尊重。vi 估計，估價。n 1 估計;預測；〈英國〉...
  1. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  2. We make the following assumption for when 2 is positive definite matrix, different estimators about matrix of regression coefficients and inefficiency of least squares estimate have been discussed in many documents. considered 2 is nonnegative definite matrix, this thesis derives best linear unbiased estimate of parameter matrix b and estimable parameter function kbl under the meaning of matrix nonnegative definite and the property of maximum probability of blue is investigated. next, we discuss some necessary and sufficient conditions of the equality of the lse and blue, then we derive the estimation of the deviation bet - ween the least squares and the best linear unbias estimators of the mean matrix, meanwhile a relative efficiency of lse ofb is proposed and its bound is given

    當0時，眾多文獻討論了回歸系數陣的各種估計及lse的有效性，本文考慮了當0的情形，給出了回歸系數陣b及其可估參數函數kbl的在矩陣非負定意義下的最優估計（ blue ） ，研究了它的一個最大概率性質，並且討論了最小二乘估計成為最佳線性無偏估計的充分必要條件，在此基礎上給出了均值矩陣的最小二乘估計與blue的偏差估計，定義了lse相對于blue的一個相對效率，並給出了它的界。
  3. Creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design

    基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響
  4. Abstract : creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design

    文摘:基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響
  5. The writer consider, since eva supply us a efficiency estimate standard to estimate the value of corporation, and the price of the stock is based on the value of the corporation, it should be a important tool of invest value analysis to the investor

    筆者認為，既然eva能為我們提供一個對公司價值的有效判斷標準，而一家公司股票價格的表現主要基於公司的價值和市場對公司未來價值的合理預期，因此它可以成為投資者進行投資價值分析的重要工具。
  6. It adopts industry economics theories, such as, industrial organization theories industrial relation theories and industrial layout theories, after systematic analyzing our national s & t resources allocation and the basis of the construction of national research & experiment platform, it proposes constructing national research & expe riment platform both in basic and applied research fields and more, formulates the platform definition, structure and functions and so on. meanwhile, by utilizing experience of developed country s & t resource allocation, it also research the thoughts, principles, ways methods and direct output efficiency estimate in s & t activities of the platform. it aims to offer operatively realization methods and policy proposal as well as realization qualitative development and shorten the distance to the international advanced s & t level

    本文正是在這樣的背景下針對我國科技基礎條件薄弱，從而造成我國原始性科技創新能力和集成創新能力不足的現狀，利用產業經濟學中的產業組織理論、產業關聯理論、產業布局理論，深入系統分析了我國科技資源及其配置、國家研究與實驗平臺建設的現實基礎，提出了在基礎研究和應用研究的學科領域建設國家研究與實驗平臺的設想，並對平臺的內涵、結構、功能等做出界定，借鑒發達國家科技資源配置的經驗，對我國研究與實驗平臺建設的思路、原則、途徑和方法，以及平臺的科技活動直接產出效率評價等進行研究，以期對實現我國科技的跨越式發展，縮短與國際先進科技水平的差距提供可操作性的實施方案和政策性建議。
  7. This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits

    本研究利用12個普通小麥品種對10個種子活力性狀的遺傳變異和相關研究，表明除正常幼苗百分率外，其餘種子活力性狀在品種間均存在顯著的差異.種子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個性狀間及與其它性狀均無顯著的遺傳相關，因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它性狀.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于種子貯藏物質轉換效率、種子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、種子干重、發芽指數、種子貯藏物質消耗比率6個性狀表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展，指明通過遺傳育種手段改良這些性狀是可能的
  8. Based on the appraisal of three kinds of means that reflect the effect of dredging, proposed several judging indexes ( such as dredging efficiency ) to estimate excavating results

    在評述疏浚挖槽效果指標的基礎上，提出了挖槽效率減淤指標等概念，為科學的判斷挖槽效果奠定了基礎。
  9. So we must estimate the lcc ( life cycle cost ) of artillery equipments with scientific methods, so that we can improve the efficiency of the acquisition and using cost

    因此，必須科學地估算炮兵武器裝備的壽命周期費用，以提高武器裝備采辦效率和經費使用效益。
  10. This paper discuss that we analysis and deal with examine data by means of computer assist, estimate the difficulty, degree of differentiate, believe degree of examination paper, efficiency degree so on, deal with examine data. it give statistical distributing about examine result person percentage, standard fraction plenty give play to strong point of assess and diagnosis, feed back and inspirit function

    利用計算機輔助手段，對考試成績進行處理和分析，在試題難度、區分度、試卷信度、效度等方面給出定量的估計，並對考試原始分數進行加工，在此基礎上，得到班級成績的統計分佈，個人的百分等級和標準分數，以充分發揮考試的評定與診斷，反饋與激勵功能。
  11. Abstract : this paper discuss that we analysis and deal with examine data by means of computer assist, estimate the difficulty, degree of differentiate, believe degree of examination paper, efficiency degree so on, deal with examine data. it give statistical distributing about examine result person percentage, standard fraction plenty give play to strong point of assess and diagnosis, feed back and inspirit function

    文摘:利用計算機輔助手段，對考試成績進行處理和分析，在試題難度、區分度、試卷信度、效度等方面給出定量的估計，並對考試原始分數進行加工，在此基礎上，得到班級成績的統計分佈，個人的百分等級和標準分數，以充分發揮考試的評定與診斷，反饋與激勵功能。
  12. From the viewpoint of the interactive relationship between modern pension scheme and productivity, this paper observed the function and prospect of occupational pensions in china within a background consisting of population structure, labor productivity, and finance environment, utilized simulation and scenario analysis in actuarial models to estimate and analyze the effect of occupational pensions in the replacement rate of urban retired employees, then pointed out the magnification effect of occupational pensions in increasing the replacement rate and the higher efficiency in improving retirement income of urban retired employees. it also predicted the size expectation of occupational pensions during 2002 - 2010 in china, described the function of occupational pensions in developing the capital market and improving the labor productivity, especially emphasized the higher probability of occupational pensions to play the role of institutional investors compared with basic pension. in short, this paper proved the positive meaning of developing occupational pensions from micro - level and macro - level respectively, and brought forward corresponding policy suggestions

    本文立足於現代社會養老保險制度與生產力之間的互動關系這一視角，把對我國企業年金作用與發展空間的考察置於包括人口結構、勞動生產率、金融環境等諸多因素的經濟大背景下，在精算模型中運用模擬（ simulation ）和情景分析方法，對企業年金對我國退休職工養老保險收入替代率的影響進行了定量分析和預測，指出了企業年金在提高退休職工收入替代率方面的放大作用，以及比基本養老保險在提高退休職工收入方面的更高效率；並對我國企業年金2002年- 2010年的預計發展規模做了預測，闡述了企業年金對我國發展資本市場和提高勞動生產率的意義，著重指出了企業年金較之基本養老保險基金充當資本市場機構投資者的更大可能性。
  13. After that, she adopts game theory to study twice price reductions. from the game primary factors such as participants, strategy and benefits, she sizes up the efficiency of the price competition, and analyzes the strategical selection system in competition and cooperation between humen bridge co. and humen ferry co. in the third section, firstly, she draws out the linear regression formula with time series data and vehicle flow to estimate future flow under the condition of un - reducing price with the tools of statistics

    第三部分先用統計學的基本原理和分析工具求得虎門大橋車流量與時間序列的線性回歸方程，來推算假設在未調價條件下的年流量；再運用管理經濟學的價格彈性理論比較調價前、后的車流量和價格的變化關系，求出二類車的價格彈性系數，用以判斷虎門大橋這次二類車調價策略的效率性。
  14. Reinforcement learning algorithms that use cerebellar model articulation controller ( cmac ) are studied to estimate the optimal value function of markov decision processes ( mdps ) with continuous states and discrete actions. the state discretization for mdps using sarsa - learning algorithms based on cmac networks and direct gradient rules is analyzed. two new coding methods for cmac neural networks are proposed so that the learning efficiency of cmac - based direct gradient learning algorithms can be improved

    在求解離散行為空間markov決策過程（ mdp ）最優策略的增強學習演算法研究方面，研究了小腦模型關節控制器（ cmac ）在mdp行為值函數逼近中的應用，分析了基於cmac的直接梯度演算法對mdp狀態空間離散化的特點，研究了兩種改進的cmac編碼結構，即：非鄰接重疊編碼和變尺度編碼，以提高直接梯度學習演算法的收斂速度和泛化性能。
  15. However, the simulated annealing algorithm will expand too much time to estimate the values of objective function when applied to aerodynamics optimizations. the way to remedy this problem in this dissertation is by improving the efficiency of optimizer and the cfd - solver. our cfd - solver is base on the modification to the proper orthogonal decomposition ( pod ) method that can produce a finite series of basis functions or modes through the solution of snapshots

    但對于氣動外形優化設計問題來說，由於評估需要解決的問題的目標函數值需要多次調用流場解算器，會導致用模擬退火演算法進行優化設計的計算工作量過大，因此需要我們對流場解算器和優化方法兩個方面進行研究以尋找此問題的解決辦法。
  16. Abstract : for the linear weighted regression model, influence measure of covariance matr ix perturbation and estimate efficiency of regression parameter have been analyz ed on the basis of the regression diagnosis, and the lower bounds of the two eff iciencies have been given

    文摘:針對線性加權回歸模型，從統計診斷的角度分析了協方差陣擾動的影響度量和回歸系數的估計效率，並給出了2種效率的下界
  17. In this article, the author uses the stochastic frontier production function ( battese and coelli, 1995 ) to estimate the maize technical efficiency of china, and discuss the factors that contribute to the technical efficiency

    本文利用隨機前沿生產函數模型（ batteseandcoelli ， 1995 ）估算我國玉米生產的效率損失水平，探討影響中國玉米技術效率的因素。
  18. In chapter two, uses cobb - douglas production function model to estimate about two kinds of ownership efficiency in guangdong, finds that public - owned economy compared with non - public economy lacks vigor generally. on this basis, puts forward some views on the adjustment of the ownership economic structure of guangdong : expediting the reforming of the public owned enterprises, especially the state owned enterprises ; ameliorating the allocating of the capital and labor ; enlarging the investment in science and technology

    在第二章，借用cobb ? douglas生產函數模型對廣東兩種性質所有制效率進行估計，發現公有制經濟與非公有制經濟相比總體上缺乏活力，在此基礎上，對廣東所有制結構的調整提出了一些看法：加快公有制改革，特別是國有企業改革步伐；合理配置資本投入和勞動力投入；加大科技投入。
  19. Based on the study of regional industrial structure optimum theories and optimize methods, this paper studies the definition of inferior posiyion industry, the meaning and the reason, then puts forward a new estimate system of inferior position industries : uses the method of data envelopment analysis ( dea ) to analyze the relative validity among industries, then according as synthesis benchmark modulus of industries, consulting the degree of pollution and energy efficiency, combining qualitative analysis, estimate all industries " efficiency and development potential, finds out the inforior industries in certain region

    論文在深入總結了區域產業結構的內涵及演化趨勢的基礎上，分析了劣勢產業的定義、成因及其特點，探討了產業結構優化理論和優化方法及其模型，建立了一套劣勢產業的評價指標，並提出了一種新的劣勢產業評價方法模型，即先用數據包絡分析法（ dea ）評價產業的相對有效性，然後根據該產業的綜合基準系數，參考其環保、節能指數並結合具體產業進行定性分析，從而確定出一個區域的劣勢產業。
  20. Heat efficiency of power station boiler is an important research subject in which carbon loss is an important parameter to reflect combustion performance of boiler, however, there is no favorable means to estimate it definitely

    電站鍋爐熱效率的研究是一個重要的課題。其中，機械未完全燃燒熱損失是反映鍋爐燃燒工況好壞的一個重要指標，目前卻缺乏非常有利的工具和手段來明確判斷。
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